Melody, not Beat Perception, Predicts Rhythmic Error Detection

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242942110321
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Nichols ◽  
Laura A. Stambaugh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Pitch Error ◽  
Tempo Change ◽  
Two Measures

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among beat perception, error detection, and musical experience. We presented monophonic rhythms using a piano timbre along with two measures of beat perception (Harvard Beat Finding and Interval Test [BFIT] and Goldsmiths Beat Alignment Test) and a measure of melodic error detection. College musicians’ ( N = 43) ability to detect rhythm errors was not significantly correlated to their ability to perceive beat alignment (Goldsmiths test) or tempo change (BFIT). Age was related to performance on only one of the measures, the BFIT test. A regression model yielded pitch error detection as the only significant predictor of rhythmic error detection. We suggest that college musicians already possess a requisite ability for beat processing that allows them to perform error detection. The lack of relationship between beat perception and rhythmic error detection is explained by this requisite ability in the population, and we promote future research for pitch and rhythm processing as it relates to rhythm perception or performance.

Parasocial Interaction as More Than Friendship

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayson L. Dibble ◽  
Sarah F. Rosaen
Keyword(s):  
Parasocial Interaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Traditional Approaches

This study supports the refinement of the concept of parasocial interaction (PSI) to apply to mediated personae that viewers might dislike. By contrast, traditional approaches have treated PSI as a sort of friendship with the mediated persona. Participants (N = 249) were randomly assigned to self-select a liked or disliked television persona. Various viewer reactions to that character were measured using two different measures of PSI. The data revealed that participants did experience PSI with disliked characters as well as liked characters, and that the two measures of PSI did not appear to assess the same construct. Implications for future research are discussed.

Risk Assessment and Post-Release Recidivism in a Sample of Juvenile Homicide Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110492
Author(s):  
James T. Hubbell ◽  
Kathleen M. Heide ◽  
Norair Khachatryan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Juvenile Homicide ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
The Relationship

Given recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings regarding the constitutionality of juveniles who received mandated life sentences, questions have arisen in the field of criminology regarding how these offenders will adjust if someday released. Risk scores were calculated for 59 male juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) based upon the eight domains in the Youth Level of Supervision/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and used to examine recidivism among the 48 JHOs who were released. Sample subjects were charged as adults for murder and attempted murder in the 1980s, convicted, and sentenced to adult prison. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the relationship between risk score category and two measures of recidivism, which were general arrests and violent offenses. Results indicated risk scores failed to predict both general and violent recidivism. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Negative Third-Party Reactions to Male and Female Victims of Rape: The Influence of Harm and Normativity Concerns

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Mulder ◽  
Gerd Bohner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Victim Blame ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Secondary Victimization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Two Measures

Male and female victims of sexual violence frequently experience secondary victimization in the form of victim blame and other negative reactions by their social surroundings. However, it remains unclear whether these negative reactions differ from each other, and what mechanisms underlie negative reactions toward victims. In one laboratory study ( N = 132) and one online study ( N = 421), the authors assessed participants’ reactions to male and female victims, and whether different (moral) concerns underlay these reactions. The reactions addressed included positive and negative emotions, behavioral and characterological blame, explicit and implicit derogation, and two measures of distancing. It was hypothesized that male victimization would evoke different types of (negative) reactions compared with female victimization, and that normative concerns would predict a greater proportion of the variance of reactions to male victims than female victims. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were conducted to test whether reactions to male and female (non-)victims differed. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the influence of gender traditionality, homonegativity, as well as binding and individualizing moral values on participants’ reactions. Results revealed that participants consistently reacted more negatively to victims than to nonvictims, and more so to male than to female targets. Binding values were a regular predictor of negative reactions to victims, whereas they predicted positive reactions to nonvictims. The hypothesis that different mechanisms underlie reactions to male versus female victims was not supported. The discussion addresses implications of this research for interventions targeting secondary victimization and for future research investigating social reactions to victims of sexual violence. It also addresses limitations of the current research and considerations of diversity.

scholarly journals Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís ◽  
Leticia Ávila-Burgos ◽  
María de Lourdes Márquez-Corona ◽  
June Janette Medina-Solís ◽  
Salvador Eduardo Lucas-Rincón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Less Developed Country

Aim: The objective of this study was to estimate the Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures (OOPEs) incurred by households on dental care, as well as to analyze the sociodemographic, economic, and oral health factors associated with such expenditures. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 763 schoolchildren in Mexico. A questionnaire was distributed to parents to determine the variables related to OOPEs on dental care. The amounts were updated in 2017 in Mexican pesos and later converted to 2017 international dollars (purchasing power parities–PPP US $). Multivariate models were created: a linear regression model (which modeled the amount of OOPEs), and a logistic regression model (which modeled the likelihood of incurring OOPEs). Results: The OOPEs on dental care for the 763 schoolchildren were PPP US $53,578, averaging a PPP of US $70.2 ± 123.7 per child. Disbursements for treatment were the principal item within the OOPEs. The factors associated with OOPEs were the child’s age, number of dental visits, previous dental pain, main reason for dental visit, educational level of mother, type of health insurance, household car ownership, and socioeconomic position. Conclusions: The average cost of dental care was PPP US $70.2 ± 123.7. Our study shows that households with higher school-aged children exhibiting the highest report of dental morbidity—as well as those without insurance—face the highest OOPEs. An array of variables were associated with higher expenditures. In general, higher-income households spent more on dental care. However, the present study did not estimate unmet needs across the socioeconomic gradient, and thus, future research is needed to fully ascertain disease burden.

Choquet Integral with Respect to High Order Extensional L- Measure

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 3579-3583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang Chuan Liu ◽  
Wei Sung Chen ◽  
Chin Chun Chen ◽  
Yu Du Jheng ◽  
Der Bang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Choquet Integral ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
High Order ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

In this paper, a generalized multivalent fuzzy measure of extensional L-measure, called high order extensional L-measure, is proposed. It is proved that if the value of order index is equal to one, this new measure is just the extensional L-measure, and the larger the value of order index is, the more sensitive it is. A real data set with 5- fold cross-validation MSE is conducted, for comparing the performances of the Choquet integral regression model based on this new measure with other four measures, P-measure and λ-measure, and authors’ two measures, L-measure and extensional L-measure, and two traditional regression model, multiple regression model and ridge regression model, the result show that the Choquet integral regression model based on this new measure has the best performance.

scholarly journals Effects of experience with L2 and music on rhythmic grouping by French listeners

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIE BOLL-AVETISYAN ◽  
ANJALI BHATARA ◽  
ANNIKA UNGER ◽  
THIERRY NAZZI ◽  
BARBARA HÖHLE
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Model Comparisons ◽  
Input Quality ◽  
Duration Data ◽  
Effect Model

Rhythm perception is assumed to be guided by a domain-general auditory principle, the Iambic/Trochaic Law, stating that sounds varying in intensity are grouped as strong-weak, and sounds varying in duration are grouped as weak-strong. Recently, Bhatara et al. (2013) showed that rhythmic grouping is influenced by native language experience, French listeners having weaker grouping preferences than German listeners. This study explores whether L2 knowledge and musical experience also affect rhythmic grouping. In a grouping task, French late learners of German listened to sequences of coarticulated syllables varying in either intensity or duration. Data on their language and musical experience were obtained by a questionnaire. Mixed-effect model comparisons showed influences of musical experience as well as L2 input quality and quantity on grouping preferences. These results imply that adult French listeners’ sensitivity to rhythm can be enhanced through L2 and musical experience.

Socio-demographic correlates of DK-responses in knowledge surveys: self-attributed ignorance of science

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Public Understanding Of Science ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Don't Know Responses

With the increasing specialization of the knowledge society, knowledge in some areas means ignorance in others, which amounts to the knowledge-ignorance paradox. In the debate on public understanding of science the status of “ignorance” is controversial. How is scientific ignorance distributed by age, education, religion, social category or gender? We attempt to answer this and other questions by analysing “Don't Know”-responses in a European-wide survey as a measure of self-attributed ignorance, using a regression model, and explore how different variables explain self-attributed ignorance in different countries. A pattern emerges which shows that various EU countries differ in their distribution of ignorance of science. The polysemy of ignorance of science across social settings remains a problem for future research.

scholarly journals An Empirical Examination of the Effects of CTO Leadership on the Alignment of the Governance of Big Data and Information Security Risk Management Effectiveness

10.28945/4799 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 041-061
Author(s):  
Shannon Block ◽  
Steven Munkeby ◽  
Samuel Sambasivam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Information Security Risk ◽  
Security Risk Management ◽  
The Relationship

Aim/Purpose: Board of Directors seek to use their big data as a competitive advantage. Still, scholars note the complexities of corporate governance in practice related to information security risk management (ISRM) effectiveness. Background: While the interest in ISRM and its relationship to organizational success has grown, the scholarly literature is unclear about the effects of Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) leadership styles, the alignment of the governance of big data, and ISRM effectiveness in organizations in the West-ern United States. Methodology: The research method selected for this study was a quantitative, correlational research design. Data from 139 participant survey responses from Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) in the Western United States were analyzed using 3 regression models to test for mediation following Baron and Kenny’s methodology. Contribution: Previous scholarship has established the importance of leadership styles, big data governance, and ISRM effectiveness, but not in a combined understanding of the relationship between all three variables. The researchers’ primary objective was to contribute valuable knowledge to the practical field of computer science by empirically validating the relationships between the CTOs leadership styles, the alignment of the governance of big data, and ISRM effectiveness. Findings: The results of the first regression model between CTOs leadership styles and ISRM effectiveness were statistically significant. The second regression model results between CTOs leadership styles and the alignment of the governance of big data were not statistically significant. The results of the third regression model between CTOs leadership styles, the alignment of the governance of big data, and ISRM effectiveness were statistically significant. The alignment of the governance of big data was a significant predictor in the model. At the same time, the predictive strength of all 3 CTOs leadership styles was diminished between the first regression model and the third regression model. The regression models indicated that the alignment of the governance of big data was a partial mediator of the relationship between CTOs leadership styles and ISRM effectiveness. Recommendations for Practitioners: With big data growing at an exponential rate, this research may be useful in helping other practitioners think about how to test mediation with other interconnected variables related to the alignment of the governance of big data. Overall, the alignment of governance of big data being a partial mediator of the relationship between CTOs leadership styles and ISRM effectiveness suggests the significant role that the alignment of the governance of big data plays within an organization. Recommendations for Researchers: While this exact study has not been previously conducted with these three variables with CTOs in the Western United States, overall, these results are in agreement with the literature that information security governance does not significantly mediate the relationship between IT leadership styles and ISRM. However, some of the overall findings did vary from the literature, including the predictive relationship between transactional leadership and ISRM effectiveness. With the finding of partial mediation indicated in this study, this also suggests that the alignment of the governance of big data provides a partial intervention between CTOs leadership styles and ISRM effectiveness. Impact on Society: Big data breaches are increasing year after year, exposing sensitive information that can lead to harm to citizens. This study supports the broader scholarly consensus that to achieve ISRM effectiveness, better alignment of governance policies is essential. This research highlights the importance of higher-level governance as it relates to ISRM effectiveness, implying that ineffective governance could negatively impact both leadership and ISRM effectiveness, which could potentially cause reputational harm. Future Research: This study raised questions about CTO leadership styles, the specific governance structures involved related to the alignment of big data and ISRM effectiveness. While the research around these variables independently is mature, there is an overall lack of mediation studies as it relates to the impact of the alignment of the governance of big data. With the lack of alignment around a universal framework, evolving frameworks could be tested in future research to see if similar results are obtained.

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