Risk Assessment and Post-Release Recidivism in a Sample of Juvenile Homicide Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110492
Author(s):  
James T. Hubbell ◽  
Kathleen M. Heide ◽  
Norair Khachatryan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Juvenile Homicide ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
The Relationship

Given recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings regarding the constitutionality of juveniles who received mandated life sentences, questions have arisen in the field of criminology regarding how these offenders will adjust if someday released. Risk scores were calculated for 59 male juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) based upon the eight domains in the Youth Level of Supervision/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and used to examine recidivism among the 48 JHOs who were released. Sample subjects were charged as adults for murder and attempted murder in the 1980s, convicted, and sentenced to adult prison. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the relationship between risk score category and two measures of recidivism, which were general arrests and violent offenses. Results indicated risk scores failed to predict both general and violent recidivism. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MUSIC AS MOTIVATION TO PERFORM EXERCISES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS – A SURVEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Spl-1- GCSGD_2020) ◽  
pp. S187-S195
Author(s):  
Lai Yi Ying ◽  
◽  
Ambusam Subramaniam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intrinsic Regulation ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Music Player ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aimed to examine the association between music and motivation to do exercise among university students in Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The demographics data, use of music during exercise, preferred type of music, and criteria to select music were assessed by a validated self-administered questionnaire. The motivation towards exercises was evaluated using the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) while the level of physical activity was assessed by Godin-Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ). The demographics information, use of music during exercise, preferred type of music, and criteria to choose music were tabulated using descriptive statistics. A point-biserial correlation was used to analyze the relationship between music and motivation to do exercise while chi-square was utilized to determine the association between the use of music during exercise and physical activity level. The results of the current study showed that 80.3% of the participants listen to music during exercise. Energetic and rhythmic was the preferred type of music for exercise. Tempo/ speed/ bpm was the most popular factor to be considered during the exercise. Most of the participants prefer to listen to an individual music player during exercise rather than an open audio system.. Listening to music during exercise shown significant correlation with a motivation (p=0.006), external regulation (p=0.014), identified regulation (p=0.006), integrated regulation (p=0.002) and intrinsic regulation (p=0.015). There was a significant association between the use of music during exercise and physical activity level (p=0.003) in this study. Future research that involves the type of exercise performed with the music is encouraged to explore the significance of music as a motivational tool in exercise.

“I Didn’t Know Where To Go”: An Examination of Stop It Now!’s Sexual Abuse Prevention Helpline

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (20) ◽  
pp. 4225-4253
Author(s):  
Billie-Jo Grant ◽  
Ryan T. Shields ◽  
Joan Tabachnick ◽  
Jenny Coleman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hidden Population ◽  
Sexually Abusive ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines data from Stop It Now!’s Helpline in the United States primarily over a 5-year, 3-month period and offers insights into the needs of individuals and families confronting issues related to child sexual abuse (CSA). Stop It Now!’s Helpline serves the global community by providing support, information, and guidance to those in need, such as helping to identify and respond to warning signs of sexually abusive behaviors in adults, adolescents, or children. More than 7,000 ( N = 7,122) nonidentifiable user records are the subject of this inquiry and reflect individuals who contacted the Helpline between December 1, 2012, and March 7, 2018. The article also places this analysis in a larger context through an overview that includes total user count of this service since its inception in 1995 ( N = 21,030). Descriptive statistics revealed that the majority of Helpline users identified as bystanders, family members, or friends/acquaintances of an individual at risk to abuse. The majority of users knew both the person at risk to abuse (adult or youth) and the child at risk of being abused. Twelve percent of users had questions or concerns about their own feelings and/or behaviors that were or could be putting a child at risk of sexual abuse. Chi-square tests examined the relationship between Helpline contact type, level of assessment, and gender. Findings provide insights into this hidden population of individuals at risk to abuse, those who have abused, as well as their friends and families who are seeking support. Study findings also reinforce the importance of CSA prevention helplines that focus on reducing the isolation and secrecy that creates conditions which make children more vulnerable to abuse. Implications for future research and prevention programming are also discussed.

A Study on Factors Determining Employee Job Satisfaction at Entrepreneurs Organisation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamala Devi Bhoganadam ◽  
Dasaraju Srinivasa Rao ◽  
A. Mahesh Reddy ◽  
S. K. Malina
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Employee Job Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Real Assets

Employees are considered as real assets for any organization in the modern economy because modern organizations believe that due to globalization employee retention is a major problem hence employees are treated as real assets for the organizations. Once employees are satisfied with the organization then employee retention takes place. Employee satisfaction is linked with employee job satisfaction. So this study concentrates on factors determining employee job satisfaction at Balaji Agencies and Industries. The main objective of the study is to determine the factors influencing job satisfaction of employees at Balaji Agencies and Industries. The other objectives were to calculate the Job Satisfaction Index (JSI) and to find the relationship between the personal factors and job satisfaction of employees. Data were collected from 53 employees at Balaji Agencies and Industries at Nellore. Data were analyzed using chi square analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there is no relationship between age, gender, educational qualification of employee and experience to the job satisfaction. It may be in relation with some other factors which are included in the study considered for scope of future research.

Predictive and Perceived Empathy as Predictors of Leadership Style

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gill Woodall ◽  
Susan E. Kogler Hill
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Research on leadership has suggested a possible relationship between style of leadership and being able to understand the viewpoints of others. The present investigation sought to determine the relationship between two measures of empathy and style of leadership. 127 undergraduate students, participating in small groups, were given Hobart and Fahlberg's predictive empathy measure, Barrett-Lennard's Relationship Inventory (perceived empathy), and Fiedler's Least Preferred Co-worker Scale (leadership style). A multiple regression analysis indicated that predictive empathy was a significant but moderate predictor of style while perceived empathy was not a significant predictor. The results were discussed in terms of future research and theory building.

Recidivism Patterns Among Two Types of Juvenile Homicide Offenders: A 30-Year Follow-Up Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norair Khachatryan ◽  
Kathleen M. Heide ◽  
Erich V. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Juvenile Homicide ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
Juvenile Murderers

Although juvenile homicide has been a matter of concern in the United States since the 1980s, prior research has not addressed long-term recidivism patterns for convicted juvenile murderers. Furthermore, a prominent juvenile homicide typology had not previously been tested with U.S. offenders. The present study examined whether juvenile offenders who killed or attempted to kill during the commission of a crime differed from those who killed due to some type of conflict on pre-incarceration, incarceration, and post-incarceration variables. These offenders were sentenced to adult prison in the early 1980s. Follow-up data spanned 30 years. The results indicated that approximately 88% of released offenders have been rearrested. Analyses of pre-incarceration variables revealed that crime-oriented offenders were significantly more likely to commit the homicide offense using accomplices than conflict-oriented offenders, and the latter were significantly more likely to use a firearm during the homicide incident. The circumstances of the homicide, however, were not significantly related to any other pre-incarceration variables, release from prison, number of post-release arrests, and number of post-release violent offenses. The implications of the findings, their comparability to previous follow-up research on this typology, and avenues for future research are discussed.

Preservice Teachers’ Mathematics Teaching Competence: Comparing Performance on Two Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Santagata ◽  
Judith Haymore Sandholtz
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Practicing Teachers ◽  
Teaching Competence ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

This exploratory study examines the relationship between preservice teachers’ performance on a teaching performance assessment for licensure in elementary mathematics and a measure of knowledge that, in studies of practicing teachers, was found to predict effective mathematics teaching. A sample of 89 preservice teachers completed the Performance Assessment for California Teachers (PACT) and the classroom video analysis (CVA) instrument. Correlation analyses found overall weak associations between measures for the whole group. For groups of high, medium, and low performers on PACT, average scores on the CVA measure and its subscales varied in the predicted direction. However, individuals within the PACT performing groups had a relatively broad range of scores on the CVA, and several preservice teachers who performed poorly on PACT had average or better than average performance on the CVA. Similarly, several of the PACT high performers scored below the whole group CVA average. In addition to suggesting areas for future research, the findings raise questions about assessing preservice teachers’ readiness to teach mathematics and the use of a single measure to make licensing decisions.

scholarly journals Strategy, Corporate Culture, Structure and Operational Processes as the Context for the Innovativeness of an Organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
New Products ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Operational Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weak Influence

Abstract The paper refers to relationships between the innovativeness of an organization and its selected determinants such as strategy, corporate culture, structure and operational processes. Research was conducted among 200 managers at the top, middle and operational levels of management (200 companies operating in Poland implementing innovations - innovative companies). Conditions leading to innovations are described as the combination of processes, which result from the internal and external dynamics of a given entity. The analysis assumed that the assessment of company innovativeness would be based on an assessment of whether the company is a leader in the industry in terms of new products (the higher the rating, the more innovative the company is considered to be). The relationship between the dimensions of the company's functioning and the degree of its innovativeness was rated on the basis of two measures: the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the chi-square coefficient. It was assumed that the most innovative companies have structures similar to organic ones, with a weak influence of the elements of mechanistic structures. This assumption was proven in relation to features of organizations considered important for innovativeness.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement: The Relationship and Gender Differences of Malaysian University Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Frankie Subon ◽  
Norseha Unin ◽  
Nor Hafisah Binti Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Test Result

A positive correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement is often noted in the literature on educational psychology. As such, self-esteem and academic achievement are often inter-related. Additionally, gender is believed to have an impact on an individual’s self-esteem and varied disparities are found in self-esteem level between genders. The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement among undergraduates in Malaysia, is still understudied and the lack of literature necessitates an empirical study. Hence, this study explored the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement among undergraduates of a private university in Malaysia. Also, it investigated if there is any significant difference in self-esteem and academic achievement between genders. A convenience sampling method was employed on 60 male and 60 female undergraduates of TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) program. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire was utilized to obtain the data on the participants’ self-esteem and their Grade Point Average (GPA). Data analysis using Spearman’s rho correlation revealed a significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement. Based on the Chi-square test result, a significant difference in academic achievement between male and female students was established. However, the independent t-test result revealed an absence of significant difference in self-esteem between male and female students. The findings demonstrate essential implications for students, counselors, and educators, and suggest relevant recommendations for future research. A larger sample size should be employed, and other important demographic variables should be explored to examine more in-depth into this interesting field of study.

Recent Victimization and Recidivism: The Potential Moderating Effects of Family Support

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Listwise Deletion ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
The Relationship

Although various research confirms an overlap between victims and offenders, much less is known about victimization and recidivism. Using data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative evaluation, this study measures the extent to which the frequency of recent victimization influences recidivism in the 15 months following release from prison. Buffering effects are also investigated by examining whether family support moderates the relationship between victimization and recidivism. After controlling for other known predictors of recidivism, logistic regression models using both listwise deletion and multiple imputation reveal that more frequent victimization significantly increases the likelihood of any self-reported recidivism and has a particularly large effect on violent recidivism for those previously convicted of serious and violent offenses. Even at higher levels of family support, victimization still increases the likelihood of reoffending.

scholarly journals Diferenças na gravidade da queda entre idosos jovens e longevos

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Guimarães Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Borba Neves ◽  
Luisa Braga Jorge ◽  
Jéssika Cefrin Dantas Neris ◽  
Bruna Rios Rauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To observe the possible differences in the severity of the decline among elderly young and the oldest old.Methods: We identified all elderly young (60-79 years) and oldest old (80 or older) admitted to fall in 2010, in two Urgent Care Units and Emergency Hospital in Porto Alegre. Upon review of the service bulletins, data were extracted for the elderly, among them, the fall of the consequences, classified by the index proposed by Caberlon and Bos (2015). The mean decrease in severity were compared between the two age groups and tested by Student's t test. The relationship between gender, age and the degree of severity has been tested by chi-square. Results: Most attended were female (72%), among which 24% were long-lived. The percentage of long lifetime was significantly higher than the oldest (19%, p<0.001). The overall average severity score was 5.7. Oldest old showed an index of 6.5±5.45 while the elderly young had a lower rate of 5.5±6.39 (p<0.001). Women showed a higher frequency of severe gravity. Conclusion: We conclude that the oldest old have higher severity of falls. This conclusion also applies to the female sex, and fall more often have higher severity of falls mainly in the number of fractures in the evaluated age groups (young and the oldest old). Also completed is possible to use an assessment tool of decrease in quality that can be used in future research in order to contribute to the achievement of a surveillance more effective and resolute.

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