Disregarding Theology in the Psychology of Religion: Some Examples

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

Psychologists examining the effects of religiosity on other beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors have at times suffered from a lack of sophistication concerning the very real impact of differences in theology among various groups in the United States. Specific examples of this lack of sophistication are discussed. Recent findings concerning fundamentalism are then considered as examples of a more sophisticated approach. Lastly, a number of methodological and conceptual recommendations are offered to help bring theological perspectives to bear on research.

COVIDiots and Cogency

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Roy Schwartzman ◽  
Jenni M. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Experts

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States spawns a perplexing polemic. Intransigent coronavirus skeptics who defy public health recommendations often get cast as ideological zealots or as perniciously ignorant. Both characterizations overlook a more fundamental epistemic opposition. The authors recast the conflict between COVID-19 skeptics and public health advocates as the rhetorical incompatibility between the deliberative, scientifically grounded public health experts and the intuitive, emotion-driven mental heuristics of the non-compliant. This study examines the discourse of COVID-19 misinformation purveyors on broadcast media and online. Their main contentions rely on heuristics and biases that collectively not only undermine trust in particular medical experts, but also undercut trust in the institutions and reasoning processes of science itself. The findings suggest ways that public health campaigns can become more effective by leveraging some of the intuitive drivers of attitudes and behaviors that scientists and argumentation theorists routinely dismiss as fallacious.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Sodium Intake and Reduction Among Adult Consumers in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deesha Patel ◽  
Mary E. Cogswell ◽  
Katherine John ◽  
Stephanie Creel ◽  
Carma Ayala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Professional Advice ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Reduce Sodium Intake ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Respondent Characteristics

Purpose. To describe the prevalence and determinants of sodium-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among U.S. adults Design. A cross-sectional survey was used. Setting. The study was set in the United States in 2012. Subjects. Participants were 6122 U.S. adults. Measures. Sodium-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were measured. Analysis. Chi-squared tests were used to determine differences in sodium-related knowledge, attitude, and behaviors by respondent characteristics; multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between selected respondent characteristics and health professional advice, reported action, or knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (adjusted for all other respondent characteristics). Results. About three-fourths of respondents answered eating too much sodium is “somewhat” or “very” harmful to their health. Twenty-six percent reported receiving health professional advice, and 45% reported taking action to reduce their sodium intake. The prevalence of reported action was highest among adults receiving advice, those with hypertension, blacks, and those aged ≥65 years. Sixty-two percent who reported action agreed that most of their sodium comes from processed or restaurant foods. Of those reporting action, the most common tactics to reduce sodium intake were checking nutrition labels, using other spices than salt, and choosing low-sodium foods; requesting lower-sodium options when eating out was the least common tactic. Conclusion. Results suggest almost half of adults overall and the vast majority of those receiving health professional advice are taking some action to watch or reduce sodium intake. Although a substantial proportion report using recommended tactics to lower intake, many are not using the most effective tactics. In order to reach the general population, health communication messages could be simpler and focus on the most effective tactics to reduce sodium intake. Furthermore, health professionals can help reduce sodium intake by discussing the benefits of sodium reduction and tactics to do so, regardless of a hypertension diagnosis.

scholarly journals Acculturation Strategy, Integration Paradoxes and Educational Adaptation—A Case Study of Chinese Visiting Scholar’s Family in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Sisi Chen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Expectations ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Acculturation Strategy ◽  
The Relationship

In this case study, we developed a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between acculturation strategy and educational adaptation. By interviews and observations of one Chinese visiting scholar’s family in the United States, we found that the family utilized integration as the acculturation strategy to adapt to the US educational environment. However, we also found that the family’s perceived integration attitudes and behaviors were opposed to its actual integration attitudes and behaviors, which we called integration paradoxes. These integration paradoxes included the following four areas: a) cultural difference; b) academic and non-academic problem solving; c) academic expectations; and d) bicultural competence. The findings indicated potential moderated and/or mediated effects of the four integration paradoxes on the relationship between integration and educational adaptation.

scholarly journals White Identity Politics Benefit Conservative and Undermine Liberal Political Politicians Regardless Politician Race

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Bai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Identity ◽  
White Americans ◽  
White American ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Black Politicians ◽  
And Behaviors

Despite historically being omitted as a socially invisible identity, recent studies suggest that racial identity can play an important role in predicting White Americans’ sociopolitical attitudes and behaviors, demonstrating an emergent trend of White identity politics in the United States. However, whether the effects of White identity politics are more “ideological” or “racial” remains an unclarified question. Four studies using White American samples show that the evidence consistently supports the “ideological” explanation of White identity, the idea that White identity predicts support for conservative politicians and opposition for liberal politicians for their ideology. The evidence is limited for the “racial” explanation, the idea that White identity predicts support for White politicians but opposition for Black politicians for their race. Thus, this paper clarifies the theories about White identity politics as well as implications for whom might benefit from the rise of White identity politics.

Brief Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Carlie Palmer-Webb ◽  
Larry J Nelson ◽  
Mallory A Millett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

Scholars have briefly examined the substantial impact of shyness on sexual attitudes and behaviors in emerging adulthood. However, shyness is only one form of social withdrawal that has been identified. Building on previous research, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between three distinct forms of social withdrawal—shyness, avoidance, and unsociability—and the sexual attitudes and behaviors of emerging adults. Participants included 792 undergraduate and graduate students from throughout the United States gathered as a part of Project READY. Results revealed that each form of social withdrawal was uniquely associated with sexual attitudes and behaviors, with shyness leading the subtypes in its reach of influence across outcomes and gender.

Minority Family Forest Owners in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Sarah M Butler ◽  
John Schelhas ◽  
Brett J Butler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Forest Owners ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Family Forest ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
National Woodland Owner Survey ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Attention To Diversity

Abstract Family forest owners own more forestland in the United States than any other group. There have been no national studies of racial and ethnic minority family forest owners in the United States, in spite of increasing attention to diversity in forestry. Using the US Forest Service’s National Woodland Owner Survey data, we sought to better understand minority owners by looking at their characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors. Of the over 4 million family forest ownerships with 10+ ac in the United States, minorities comprise 6.6 percent of the ownerships and own 5.1 percent of the 265 million ac. Although many similarities exist between minority and nonminority owners, such as reasons for owning land and concerns, minority landowners tend to be more regionally located, have smaller forest holdings, are less likely to manage their forests, and are less likely to have participated in assistance programs. Broad insight into the attitudes and behaviors of minority family forest owners can help policymakers, program directors, and outreach coordinators begin to understand the needs of minority landowners, providing this historically underserved group with tools they need to attain their forest management and land-use goals. By increasing minority landowner engagement, we can hopefully slow the loss of land by minority landowners.

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