The New Chinese Community in New Zealand: Local Outcomes of Transnationalism

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manying Ip Wardlow Friesen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Motivation ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Depth Interviews

The new Chinese community in New Zealand (formed since 1987) is made up of immigrants from the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia as well as other countries. Initially looked upon as harbingers of the “Asian economic miracle” by the New Zealand government, the new arrivals met with numerous unforeseen difficulties. This article is based on the findings of surveys and in-depth interviews in which the primary migrants were asked about their motives for migration, the economic and social outcomes of their migration, their perception of the comparative strengths of their native land and New Zealand, and their long-term view on settlement and return migration. The surveys are also set against background statistics from the 1996 census as well as immigration figures up to 2000. The findings challenge the assumption of the importance of the economic motivation of migration, and point to the primacy of social and environmental factors. They also suggest that transnationalism is a long-term strategy, instead of a temporary expediency, but also that most Chinese migrants in New Zealand have tried to integrate with the host society when possible.

Contesting Transnational Mobility among New Zealand’s Chinese Migrants from an Economic Perspective新西兰中国跨国移民的跨界经济活动及成因

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangni Sally Liu ◽  
Jun Lu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
Economic Revitalization

New Chinese migrants from the People’s Republic of China to New Zealand are renowned for their transnational mobility. Based on an online survey among this group of migrants, this paper aims to explore how economic factors in Chinese transnational migration play out in a way different from that posited by some conventional conceptions in migration studies. For example, compared with the conventional remittance flow that usually takes place from migrant-receiving countries to migrant-sending countries, this research finds a reverse remittance transaction channel among prc migrants. This reverse remittance flow is a manifestation of China’s economic revitalization, which benefited New Zealand, especially in the recent economic crisis. It was also found that economic reasons were not decisive in an immigrant’s decision to settle in New Zealand. However, economic reasons contributed significantly to their on-going movements after arriving in New Zealand. prc immigrants’ deciding to migrate or re-migrate reflects a layering of priorities that measure the short-term goal of maintaining economic livelihood against the longer-term goal of ensuring one’s family’s overall well-being.

scholarly journals How do sporting organisations conceptualise and operationalise the prevention of violence against women?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Gemma Hamilton ◽  
Ruth Liston ◽  
Shaez Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Prevention Of Violence ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Sport settings have great potential to influence social change and are therefore important locations to engage in the prevention of violence against women. The following study draws on in-depth interviews with 16 stakeholders who have been involved with the implementation of prevention programmes within competitive/team sport settings. A qualitative thematic analysis of the interviews was undertaken to examine how sporting organisations understand, strategise and practise prevention work in Australia and New Zealand. Implications for long-term changes in the prevention of violence against women are discussed with reference to key prevention actions and frameworks.

scholarly journals Chinese Youth in Wellington: A Study in Social and Cultural Adjustment of Chinese Youth and the Chinese Community, 1970-1972

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lawrence Wong
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
European Population ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
The Social

<p>The theme of this dissertation is that Wellington Chinese youth between the ages of 16-29 have rapidly moved away from traditional New Zealand Chinese ways of thinking and adopted many of the host society attitudes and patterns of behaviour, and yet, Chinese youth tend to be a homogenous group. After over 120 years of settlement in New Zealand this is surprising, and as a result the shape and content of the research has changed considerably from its inception. At first the writer believed that the Chinese youth were being assimilated very rapidly into the New Zealand society and the purpose of the study would be to document this movement by statistical, sociological, and anthropological methods. During the interviewing of Chinese youths it became increasingly evident that total assimilation was not progressing rapidly, and that there was a noticeable social reaction to the process by Chinese youth. This was confirmed by the results of the social survey. The problem of this thesis is to account for this social resistance to the process of assimilation. Basically, there are two major reasons:  1. The resilient and adaptive nature of the Chinese institutions including family and social organisations in Wellington and the rest of New Zealand with the Chinese family as the most powerful unifying factor.  2. The attitudes of the predominantly white Anglo-Saxon protestant (WASP) New Zealand society to Chinese people have been notable for hostility, antipathy prior to the 1930's and since then to race avoidance and tolerance. The former antipathy was reflected most spectacularly in the successive racist immigration legislation directed against Chinese and other Asians from 1881, and since 1921, when all references to ethnic origin were omitted, to colour discriminatory administration of the Immigration Acts.   As a result of these two basic factors the total number of Chinese living in New Zealand in 1966 was only 10,283 compared to a total European population of about 2.4 million (2.426,352) and only 59% (6065) Chinese in New Zealand were born in New Zealand whereas 85% (2,279,994) of New Zealand's total population were New Zealand born, despite the 120 years or so of history in New Zealand of both groups.   This dissertation analyses both of the factors of the Chinese family, and host society with the emphasis on the social and cultural adjustment of the Chinese youth in Wellington with the sincere trust that harmonious race relations enjoyed today in 1973 may continue and that this study will promote better understanding between Chinese and the host society. On the one hand, Chinese can better understand the historical forces which have profoundly affected their adjustment, and the nature of the attitudes held today by most New Zealanders to Chinese people (and other coloured New Zealand citizens). On the other hand, it is also hoped that non-Chinese may better appreciate the nature of the Chinese people, the pervasive Confucian ethical code which governs their behaviour, the character of the Chinese community, and the problems the Chinese people especially youth, experience as they seek to adapt to the New Zealand society.</p>

scholarly journals Surfacing some implications of the sharing economy: A New Zealand perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Caleb Dunn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>This thesis highlights major influences and effects that the sharing economy appears to be having on New Zealand businesses. The sharing economy is “a socio-economic ecosystem built around the sharing of human and physical resources” (Matofska, 2014). It has enabled consumers to borrow and/or lease resources owned by other businesses and even individuals within a nation’s economy as a whole. The purpose of this study is to uncover insights into whether New Zealand businesses are preparing or have prepared to counter the effects of the shifting market landscape, in the form of the sharing economy, and how have these reactions manifested. The distinctiveness of this particular study is the focus on primary information collection and emphasis on cross- industry and organisation empirical research. A comprehensive literature review has been undertaken to capture the nature of previous studies in this subject area and frame the direction that this research will take. Subsequent to the literature review, it was decided that qualitative in-depth interviews with ten business managers from New Zealand companies would provide the best scope in identifying the key reactions and effects of managers to emergence of the sharing economy.  The results demonstrate that a majority of the participants have re-considered their operational strategy, with many moving into niche areas of their industry to deliver value that cannot be matched by sharing platforms. Resource allocation and worker conditions have also adjusted to better suit the dynamics of a market environment that has been influenced by the sharing economy. A number of issues in adaptation to the sharing economy have also been unearthed. Regulatory disputes and market suitability to sharing processes have been the major causes for concern, but through collaboration with a variety of stakeholders, those who have adjusted have found success in creating what they indicate are prosperous environments. Some incumbents have been unyielding as their industry experiences disruption from the sharing economy, and the results of this thesis demonstrate that this is done at their own detriment. Incumbent firms must be wary of the growing levels of sophistication of sharing platforms and whether their adaptions thus far are sustainable in the long term.</p>

scholarly journals Chinese Youth in Wellington: A Study in Social and Cultural Adjustment of Chinese Youth and the Chinese Community, 1970-1972

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lawrence Wong
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
European Population ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
The Social

<p>The theme of this dissertation is that Wellington Chinese youth between the ages of 16-29 have rapidly moved away from traditional New Zealand Chinese ways of thinking and adopted many of the host society attitudes and patterns of behaviour, and yet, Chinese youth tend to be a homogenous group. After over 120 years of settlement in New Zealand this is surprising, and as a result the shape and content of the research has changed considerably from its inception. At first the writer believed that the Chinese youth were being assimilated very rapidly into the New Zealand society and the purpose of the study would be to document this movement by statistical, sociological, and anthropological methods. During the interviewing of Chinese youths it became increasingly evident that total assimilation was not progressing rapidly, and that there was a noticeable social reaction to the process by Chinese youth. This was confirmed by the results of the social survey. The problem of this thesis is to account for this social resistance to the process of assimilation. Basically, there are two major reasons:  1. The resilient and adaptive nature of the Chinese institutions including family and social organisations in Wellington and the rest of New Zealand with the Chinese family as the most powerful unifying factor.  2. The attitudes of the predominantly white Anglo-Saxon protestant (WASP) New Zealand society to Chinese people have been notable for hostility, antipathy prior to the 1930's and since then to race avoidance and tolerance. The former antipathy was reflected most spectacularly in the successive racist immigration legislation directed against Chinese and other Asians from 1881, and since 1921, when all references to ethnic origin were omitted, to colour discriminatory administration of the Immigration Acts.   As a result of these two basic factors the total number of Chinese living in New Zealand in 1966 was only 10,283 compared to a total European population of about 2.4 million (2.426,352) and only 59% (6065) Chinese in New Zealand were born in New Zealand whereas 85% (2,279,994) of New Zealand's total population were New Zealand born, despite the 120 years or so of history in New Zealand of both groups.   This dissertation analyses both of the factors of the Chinese family, and host society with the emphasis on the social and cultural adjustment of the Chinese youth in Wellington with the sincere trust that harmonious race relations enjoyed today in 1973 may continue and that this study will promote better understanding between Chinese and the host society. On the one hand, Chinese can better understand the historical forces which have profoundly affected their adjustment, and the nature of the attitudes held today by most New Zealanders to Chinese people (and other coloured New Zealand citizens). On the other hand, it is also hoped that non-Chinese may better appreciate the nature of the Chinese people, the pervasive Confucian ethical code which governs their behaviour, the character of the Chinese community, and the problems the Chinese people especially youth, experience as they seek to adapt to the New Zealand society.</p>

scholarly journals Chinese Migration and Settlement in Austria

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Kim Kwok
Keyword(s):  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Open Door ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
Historical Periods

Abstract Chinese migration to Austria displays some characteristics of the new Chinese migration order facilitated by, among other factors, globalisation and the open-door policies of the People’s Republic of China. This paper offers a historical account of Chinese migration to Austria against a broader background of Chinese migration to Europe, illustrating both the active and the passive roles of Austria in various historical periods. Moreover, through delineating and analysing the distribution by subgroups and the characteristics of the Chinese community in Austria since the 1980s, it elaborates how Austria has shifted from being a temporary transit point to becoming home for the new non-qiáoxiāng Chinese migrants.

scholarly journals Surfacing some implications of the sharing economy: A New Zealand perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Caleb Dunn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>This thesis highlights major influences and effects that the sharing economy appears to be having on New Zealand businesses. The sharing economy is “a socio-economic ecosystem built around the sharing of human and physical resources” (Matofska, 2014). It has enabled consumers to borrow and/or lease resources owned by other businesses and even individuals within a nation’s economy as a whole. The purpose of this study is to uncover insights into whether New Zealand businesses are preparing or have prepared to counter the effects of the shifting market landscape, in the form of the sharing economy, and how have these reactions manifested. The distinctiveness of this particular study is the focus on primary information collection and emphasis on cross- industry and organisation empirical research. A comprehensive literature review has been undertaken to capture the nature of previous studies in this subject area and frame the direction that this research will take. Subsequent to the literature review, it was decided that qualitative in-depth interviews with ten business managers from New Zealand companies would provide the best scope in identifying the key reactions and effects of managers to emergence of the sharing economy.  The results demonstrate that a majority of the participants have re-considered their operational strategy, with many moving into niche areas of their industry to deliver value that cannot be matched by sharing platforms. Resource allocation and worker conditions have also adjusted to better suit the dynamics of a market environment that has been influenced by the sharing economy. A number of issues in adaptation to the sharing economy have also been unearthed. Regulatory disputes and market suitability to sharing processes have been the major causes for concern, but through collaboration with a variety of stakeholders, those who have adjusted have found success in creating what they indicate are prosperous environments. Some incumbents have been unyielding as their industry experiences disruption from the sharing economy, and the results of this thesis demonstrate that this is done at their own detriment. Incumbent firms must be wary of the growing levels of sophistication of sharing platforms and whether their adaptions thus far are sustainable in the long term.</p>

Endurance of Transnationalism in Bolivia’s Valle Alto

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Jones ◽  
Leonardo De la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Work ◽  
Intentions To Return ◽  
Economic Ties

The increasing difficulty of return migration and the demands for assimilation into host societies suggest a long-term cutting of ties to origin areas—likely accentuated in the Bolivian case by the recent shift in destinations from Argentina to the US and Spain. Making use of a stratified random sample of 417 families as well as ethnographic interviews in the provinces of Punata, Esteban Arze, and Jordán in the Valle Alto region the authors investigate these issues. Results suggest that for families with greater than ten years cumulated foreign work experience, there are significantly more absentees and lower levels of remittances as a percentage of household income. Although cultural ties remain strong after ten years, intentions to return to Bolivia decline markedly. The question of whether the dimunition of economic ties results in long-term village decline in the Valle Alto remains an unanswered.   

Africa - Israel - Africa Return-migration experiences of African labour migrants

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galia Sabar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
Return Process

This paper analyses homecoming experiences of African labour migrants who lived in Israel and returned home. Using qualitative research methodologies, I discerned what factors - material and non-material - determine the relative success of the return process. Focusing on these factors’ effects, I offer a new understanding of labour migrants’ homecoming experiences: those who are “content,” “readjusting,” or “lost. Following Ulrich Beck's (2006) analysis of cosmopolitanism, I suggest that these categories portray significant new life spaces that are neither what they left nor what they came from, and are dynamic, fragile, and constantly changing. In some cases the influence of economic assets on the returned migrants’ homecoming experience was indeed crucial, in many other cases the challenges of reconnecting oneself with home, family, and existing social norms and customs was much more influential on their homecoming experience including on their sense of well-being. Furthermore, some of the non-material goods such as individualization, personal responsibility, and long-term planning proved useful, others such as trust, particularly in relation to family, were detrimental.

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