Human Nature is Unique in the Mismatch between The usual diet and the need for “Food for the Brain” (Marine Fat, DHA). Adding Marine Fat is Beneficial in Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Psychosis. This Underlines Brain Dysfunction in these Neurological Disorders is Associated with Deficient Intake of Marine Fat(DHA)

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Lettenf. Saugstad
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Usual Diet

scholarly journals Dysfunction of the Glymphatic System as a Potential Mechanism of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuli Ren ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Chuang Lian ◽  
Haixia Li ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Lymphatic Function ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
The Brain

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) frequently occurs in the elderly as a severe postoperative complication and is characterized by a decline in cognitive function that impairs memory, attention, and other cognitive domains. Currently, the exact pathogenic mechanism of PND is multifaceted and remains unclear. The glymphatic system is a newly discovered glial-dependent perivascular network that subserves a pseudo-lymphatic function in the brain. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of the glymphatic system in the removal of harmful metabolites in the brain. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system can reduce metabolic waste removal, leading to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. We speculate that there is a causal relationship between the glymphatic system and symptomatic progression in PND. This paper reviews the current literature on the glymphatic system and some perioperative factors to discuss the role of the glymphatic system in PND.

scholarly journals Non-epileptiform EEG abnormalities: an overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Emilia Cosenza Andraus ◽  
Soniza Vieira Alves-Leon
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cerebral Function ◽  
Periodic Patterns ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

More than 80 years after its introduction by Hans Berger, the electroencephalogram (EEG) remains as an important supplementary examination in the investigation of neurological disorders and gives valuable and accurate information about cerebral function. Abnormal EEG findings may include ictal patterns, interictal epileptiform activity and non-epileptiform abnormalities. The aim of this study is to make an overview on the main non-epileptiform EEG abnormalities, emphasizing the pathologic findings and the importance of their recognition, excluding periodic patterns and EEG physiologic changes. Scientific articles were selected from MEDLINE and PubMed database. The presence of non-epileptiform EEG abnormalities provide evidence of brain dysfunction that are not specific to a particular etiology and may be related to a number of disorders affecting the brain. Although these abnormalities are not specific, they can direct attention to the diagnostic possibilities and guide the best treatment choice.

scholarly journals The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Juárez Olguín ◽  
David Calderón Guzmán ◽  
Ernestina Hernández García ◽  
Gerardo Barragán Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dysfunction of the dopamine system has been implicated in different nervous system diseases. The level of dopamine transmission increases in response to any type of reward and by a large number of strongly additive drugs. The role of dopamine dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress is involved in health and disease. Introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present review focuses on the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds as a coadjuvant treatment to conventional neurological disorders is discussed.

The effect of digoxin on the response to lithium therapy in mania

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Chambers ◽  
Anne H. W. Smith ◽  
Graham J. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Placebo ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
The Brain

SynopsisPatients suffering from manic-depressive psychosis, manic type (ICD 296·0), were treated with lithium carbonate and randomly allocated to two groups, one received digoxin and the other matching placebo for 7 days. Severity of mania was rated by psychiatrists on the Manic Rating Scale and Analogue Line on days 0 and 7 and by nurses daily on the Hargreaves Rating Scale, Psychotic Rating. Fourteen patients received digoxin and lithium carbonate and 14 patients received placebo and lithium carbonate. Improvement in the placebo lithium group was significantly greater than that in the digoxin lithium group. This trial suggests, therefore, that the effect of inhibition of membrane cation carrier is to reduce the response to lithium. This result is in keeping with our hypothesis that an increase in Na–K ATPase is essential to the therapeutic effect of lithium carbonate. It does not, however, exclude the possibility that the observations resulted from the inhibition by digoxin of lithium entry into the brain.

Moving past the vaccine/autism controversy - to examine potential vaccine neurological harms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter R. Breggin
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Vaccines

BACKGROUND: The vaccine/autism controversy has caused vast scientific and public confusion, and it has set back research and education into genuine vaccine-induced neurological disorders. The great strawman of autism has been so emphasized by the vaccine industry that it, and it alone, often appears in authoritative discussions of adverse effects of the MMR and other vaccines. By dismissing the chimerical vaccine/autism controversy, vaccine defenders often dismiss all genuinely neurological aftereffects of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and other vaccines, including well-documented events, such as relatively rare cases of encephalopathy and encephalitis. OBJECTIVE: This report explains that autism is not a physical or neurological disorder. It is not caused by injury or disease of the brain. It is a developmental disorder that has no physical origins and no physical symptoms. It is extremely unlikely that vaccines are causing autism; but it is extremely likely that they are causing more neurological damage than currently appreciated, some of it resulting in psychosocial disabilities that can be confused with autism and other psychosocial disorders. This confusion between a developmental, psychosocial disorder and a physical neurological disease has played into the hands of interest groups who want to deny that vaccines have any neurological and associated neuropsychiatric effects. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature, textbooks, and related media commentary is integrated with basic clinical knowledge. RESULTS: This report shows how scientific sources have used the vaccine/autism controversy to avoid dealing with genuine neurological risks associated with vaccines and summarizes evidence that vaccines, including the MMR, can cause serious neurological disorders. Manufacturers have been allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to gain vaccine approval without placebo-controlled clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: The misleading vaccine autism controversy must be set aside in favor of examining actual neurological harms associated with vaccines, including building on existing research that has been ignored. Manufacturers of vaccines must be required to conduct placebo-controlled clinical studies for existing vaccines and for government approval of new vaccines. Many probable or confirmed neurological adverse events occur within a few days or weeks after immunization and could be detected if the trials were sufficiently large. Contrary to current opinion, large, long-term placebo-controlled trials of existing and new vaccines would be relatively easy and safe to conduct.

Lipidomics and cognitive dysfunction – A Narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Chakraborty ◽  
Samir Kumar Praharaj ◽  
R. V. Krishnananda Prabhu ◽  
M. Mukhyaprana Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBackgroundMore than half portion of the brain is formed by lipids. They play critical roles in maintaining the brain's structural and functional components. Any dysregulation in these brain lipids can lead to cognitive dysfunction which are associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, vascular dementia etc. Studies have linked lipids with cognitive impairment. But not much has been studied about the complex brain lipids which might play a pivotal role in cognitive impairment. This review aims to highlight the lipidomic profiles in patients with cognitive dysfunction.ResultsForty-five articles were reviewed. These studies show alterations in complex lipids such as sphingolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols in brain in various neurological disorders such as vascular dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. However, the classes of fatty acids in these lipids involved are different across studies.ConclusionsThere is a need for targeted lipidomics analysis, specifically including sphingolipids in patients with neurodegenerative disorders so as to improve diagnostics as well as management of these disorders.

scholarly journals Genetic Approaches Using Zebrafish to Study the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Neurological Disorders

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Jae-Geun Lee ◽  
Hyun-Ju Cho ◽  
Yun-Mi Jeong ◽  
Jeong-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Bidirectional Signaling ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional signaling pathway mediating the interaction of the microbiota, the intestine, and the central nervous system. While the MGBA plays a pivotal role in normal development and physiology of the nervous and gastrointestinal system of the host, its dysfunction has been strongly implicated in neurological disorders, where intestinal dysbiosis and derived metabolites cause barrier permeability defects and elicit local inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, concomitant with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, mobilization and infiltration of immune cells into the brain, and the dysregulated activation of the vagus nerve, culminating in neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction of the brain and behavioral abnormalities. In this topical review, we summarize recent findings in human and animal models regarding the roles of the MGBA in physiological and neuropathological conditions, and discuss the molecular, genetic, and neurobehavioral characteristics of zebrafish as an animal model to study the MGBA. The exploitation of zebrafish as an amenable genetic model combined with in vivo imaging capabilities and gnotobiotic approaches at the whole organism level may reveal novel mechanistic insights into microbiota–gut–brain interactions, especially in the context of neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer’s disease.

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