Labour Migration Within India: Motivations and Social Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Selim Reja ◽  
Bhaswati Das
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Migrant Groups

Large-scale interstate labour migration within India is facilitated by the freedom of movement for citizens within this huge nation state. However, such internal labour migration within India remains largely unstudied and offers huge scope for gaining significant new knowledge. Focusing particularly on migrant construction workers from West Bengal moving to Kerala, this article specifically examines the motivations of these migrants and the role of social networks in the development of such migration streams. A field survey in Kerala indicates that Kerala’s Gulf connection and rapid demographic transition have resulted in significant reduction of local supplies of labour, thus attracting more migrants from other states in India due to better job opportunities, higher wages and good payment systems. Networks within migrant groups, especially friends’ contacts, are found to be the strongest factor in supporting this migration process.

“A Hidden War”

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-146
Author(s):  
Pierre-Hugues Verdier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Negative Publicity ◽  
State Prosecutors ◽  
Global Banks ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines the rise of financial sanctions as a tool of U.S. foreign policy and the role of U.S. prosecutors in enforcing sanctions against global banks. It describes how the United States developed its financial sanctions capabilities against terrorist groups, then turned them against state actors such as North Korea, culminating with elaborate sanctions programs against Iran and Russia. It shows how U.S. federal and state prosecutors uncovered large-scale sanctions evasion efforts at numerous global banks that processed U.S. dollar payments. This enforcement campaign led to some of the largest criminal fines ever levied, and global banks such as HSBC and BNP Paribas agreed to implement U.S. sanctions and anti-money laundering controls in their worldwide operations, thus broadening the reach of U.S. policy. Although U.S. enforcement actions faced strong criticism by U.S. allies, banks facing large fines, negative publicity, and potential loss of access to essential U.S. dollar payment infrastructure complied with U.S. demands. Unlike other cases, U.S. sanctions did not lead to multilateral reforms, instead triggering efforts by sanctioned states and bystanders to reduce their dependence on the U.S. dollar and U.S. payment systems.

The Role of Social Networking in Civilizational Development

2013 ◽  
pp. 1193-1217
Author(s):  
Andrew Targowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
World Government ◽  
Electronic Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

This study defines the nature, scope, pace, and consequences of the rapid development of social networking in the 21st century. The impact of INFOCO systems upon civilizational development is investigated and predicted for the future. Such concepts as Global Virtual Society, Global Virtual Nation, Virtual Nation, Virtual Users, National Virtual Citizens, and Global Virtual Citizens are defined. Their electronic culture is defined, too. Finally some recommendations for further research are provided. In particular, the question of whether the concept of one world government is good or bad for mankind should be answered soon, in order to properly steer the further development of large-scale social networks.

Investing in people: The role of social networks in the diffusion of a large-scale fraud

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nash ◽  
Martin Bouchard ◽  
Aili Malm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals The role of ethnicity in psychopharmacology

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World ◽  
Psychopharmacological Agents ◽  
Migrant Groups

The association between ethnicity and pharmacology has been reported in the medical literature for several decades. However, the relationship between ethnicity and psychopharmacology has become widely recognised only in the last two or three decades. The large-scale migration which started after the Second World War, at first to the USA and more recently to other higher-income countries, as a result of globalisation, has greatly contributed to the attention and focus given to these migrant groups. In this context, these migrant groups primarily comprise ethnic and racial minority groups. This article briefly reviews the relationship between ethnicity and psychopharmacological agents.

scholarly journals Seeing Migration like a State: The case of irregular Indonesian migrant workers deported from Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Hari Juliawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Migration Regimes

The corridor linking Indonesia with Malaysia is particularly rife with transborder mobility, including large-scale labour migration. While irregularity has long been a major feature of these flows, much of the movement now falls under the migration regimes adopted by Malaysia and Indonesia. Long-established casual migration flows collide with recently codified norms and, as a result, oscillate between regularity and irregularity. This paper explores the following questions: How does the regulatory state view and handle undocumented migrants? How does it interact with established social networks that have facilitated irregular labour migration? Particular attention is given to the distinction between the categories of deportable criminals and victims deserving protection, as ascribed by state actors to certain groups of migrants. Based on interviews with twelve deported Florenese migrant workers, the paper discusses how the Indonesian-Malaysian migration regime seeks to shape mobility. It argues that shifting categorisations reflect political imperatives more than the migrants’ needs that prompt them to migrate in the first place. 

The Role of Social Networking in Civilizational Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-251
Author(s):  
Andrew Targowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
World Government ◽  
Electronic Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

This study defines the nature, scope, pace, and consequences of the rapid development of social networking in the 21st century. The impact of INFOCO systems upon civilizational development is investigated and predicted for the future. Such concepts as Global Virtual Society, Global Virtual Nation, Virtual Nation, Virtual Users, National Virtual Citizens, and Global Virtual Citizens are defined. Their electronic culture is defined, too. Finally some recommendations for further research are provided. In particular, the question of whether the concept of one world government is good or bad for mankind should be answered soon, in order to properly steer the further development of large-scale social networks.

Role of Cloud Computing in On-Line Social Networking and In-Depth Analysis of Cloud-Sim Simulator

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Annamalai ◽  
Udendhran R.
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
On Line ◽  
Effective Cost

In this chapter, the authors introduced cloudsim simulator and cloud computing role in online social networking. The communication incurred by other activities such as management jobs is negligible. Social relationships can be established for numerous reasons. For example, family members, colleagues, or classmates often have strong social interactions resulting in large communication load. Cloud computing as well as social network-based applications will become dominant in many aspects of life in the next few decades. The performance of such large-scale systems is characterized by system capacity in terms of number of users/clients, flexibility, scalability, and effective cost of operation, etc. Popular social networks have hundreds of millions of users and continue to grow.

scholarly journals The Role of Online Media in Mobilizing Large-Scale Collective Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512110338
Author(s):  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Poong Oh ◽  
Anfan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Networks Analysis ◽  
Organizing Process

This study investigates the role of online media in mobilizing large-scale collective action. Adopting the theoretical framework of collective action space, we formulated the organizing process of collective action into a model with two dimensions—hierarchy and closure—and analyzed how they influence mobilization. The model was tested against Twitter data collected during the 2020 Hong Kong protest, including a total of 54,365 tweets posted by 14,706 distinct users between 1 May and 31 May 2020. Social networks analysis metrics— k-coreness and brokerage of individual users in their following networks—were employed to quantify the organizing process of the protest and estimate their effects on message virality. The results showed that messages generated by users who occupied peripheral positions (i.e., lower k-coreness) and by those connecting others within closed communities (i.e., lower brokerage) were more likely to diffuse than those generated by central users or those who bridged different communities. That is, online media facilitate mobilization in a decentralized yet fragmented fashion. This article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical implications of the current findings and suggests the directions for future research on collective action on online media.

scholarly journals Effect of Economic and Environmental Policies on the Mangrove Economy: A General Equilibrium Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 2633190X2110363
Author(s):  
Debabrata Ray ◽  
Anindita Sen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Productivity Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shrimp Cultivation

This article attempts to provide a theoretical model of a small local mangrove economy. The structure of the model is based on observations from a qualitative field survey conducted in the Sunderbans region of West Bengal. The study showed that fishery is the primary source of income in this region. Agriculture is practised by many, but due to soil salinity, the sector, at best, provides sustenance for the family. Most of the other requirements are met from goods bought from outside. The role of the forest cover on shrimp cultivation is captured through the productivity effect, which increases the output per unit of labour and capital. In this structure, an optimum tariff on the timber industry is derived, and it is shown that the optimum tariff depends on the intensity of the productivity effect.

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