Characteristics of Female Youth Offenders in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lim ◽  
Ian Lambie ◽  
Annik van Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
School Behavior ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Nonviolent Offenders ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties

Female youth offending is poorly understood, despite increased rates of such offending. Research indicates there are a range of factors that have a causal impact on the development of offending in young people. This study investigated risk factors using a retrospective file audit of 184 female youth offenders in New Zealand. The findings were classified using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, which highlights the different contextual levels that influence behavior, including individual, family, peer, school, community, and cultural factors. The results indicate that there are significant risk factors for female youth offenders. There were high rates of mental health difficulties, drug use, histories of maltreatment, family stressors, peer issues, and school behavior problems in the cohort. There was very little difference between violent and nonviolent offenders. All the young women had risk factors affecting them at many levels. Targeted, multisystemic intervention and prevention programs are therefore needed to address female youth offending.

scholarly journals Preliminary Examination of the Biological and Industry Constraints on the Structure and Pattern of Thoroughbred Racing in New Zealand over Thirteen Seasons: 2005/06–2017/18

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Kylie A. Legg ◽  
Erica K. Gee ◽  
Darryl J. Cochrane ◽  
Chris W. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing ◽  
Key Industry

This study aimed to examine thirteen seasons of flat racing starts (n = 388,964) in the context of an ecological system and identify metrics that describe the inherent characteristics and constraints of the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. During the thirteen years examined, there was a 2–3% per year reduction in the number of races, starts and number of horses. There was a significant shift in the racing population with a greater number of fillies (aged 2–4 years) having a race start, and subsequent longer racing careers due to the inclusion of one more racing preparation post 2008 (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increasingly ageing population of racehorses. These changes resulted in more race starts in a career, but possibly because of biological constraints, there was no change in the number of race starts per season, starts per preparation, or days spelling between preparations (p < 0.05). There was no change in the proportion of horses having just one race start (14% of new entrants), indicating that the screening for suitability for a racing career remained consistent. These data identify key industry parameters which provide a basis for future modelling of intervention strategies to improve economic performance and reduce horse injury. Consideration of the racing industry as a bio-economic or ecological model provides framework to test how the industry may respond to intervention strategies and signal where changes in system dynamics may alter existing risk factors for injury.

Comparison of incidence and pattern of interstitial lung disease (ILD) during erlotinib and gefitinib treatment in Japanese pts with NSCLC

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19056-e19056
Author(s):  
K. Hotta ◽  
K. Kiura ◽  
N. Takigawa ◽  
H. Yoshioka ◽  
S. Harita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gefitinib Treatment ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Erlotinib Therapy ◽  
Significant Factors

e19056 Background: Erlotinib was approved in Dec 2007 in Japan, and incidence and pattern of ILD during its therapy for Japanese pts with NSCLC has not still been determined, although we had previously reported the frequency of ILD through the gefitinib treatment [PASCO2004, #7063]. In this study, we intended to elucidate this issue in pts receiving erlotinib therapy. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 159 pts who had initiated erlotinib therapy last year (cohort A), and of 330 pts receiving gefitinib between 2000 and 2003 (cohort B) for comparing the incidence and pattern of ILD during the both TKI treatments. Toxicity data during the first months after the initiation of TKIs were obtained. Results: The demographics of 489 pts were as follows; M:63%, Ad:75%, and PS 0–1:69%. None of pts in the cohort B received erlotinib therapy before the gefitinib treatment, whereas 66 of the 159 cohort A pts (42%) were given gefitinib before the erlotinib therapy. In 23% and 28% of the pts in the cohorts A and B, erlotinib and gefitinb treatments were discontinued within 1 month after the initiation of TKI therapy, respectively. Two pts (1.3%) developed ILD in the cohort A during the first month of erlotinib treatment, while 8 ILD-events (2.4%) were observed in the gefitinib therapy (cohort B) during the same treatment period. Both 2 pts who developed ILD during the erlotinib therapy had not had a history of prior gefitinib treatment. The toxicity grades of ILD were as follows: grades 1 and 2 in 1 each (cohort A) and grades 3, 4 and 5 in 1, 1 and 6 pts, respectively (cohort B). Statistically significant factors affecting the occurrence of ILD by multivariate analysis were presence of prior pulmonary fibrosis (OR=37.3, p<0.01) and poor PS (OR=6.4, p=0.02), but type of TKIs was not a significant risk factor for ILD. Conclusions: In this setting, the type of TKIs did not affect the incidence of ILD although its incidence after the initiation of erlotinib was somewhat low as compared with that during gefitinib therapy. In addition, the grade of ILD was less severe in the cohort A. These might be partly due to a patient selection based on the recent awareness of Japanese physicians regarding the risk factors for ILD events who learned it through the gefitinib treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Complications in Patients with Thalassemia Intermedia

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1360-1360
Author(s):  
Adisak Tantiworawit ◽  
Poramed Winichakoon ◽  
Sasinee Hantrakool ◽  
Chatree Chai-adisaksopha ◽  
Ekarat Rattarittamrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Thalassemia Intermedia ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia

Abstract BACKGROUND Thalassemia intermedia (TI) or Non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) is a mild form of thalassemia and does not require regular transfusion. Many complications can be found in this disease and different from thalassemia major(TM). Most studies mainly focus on beta thalassemia and lack of study in alpha group. This study aims to elucidate the prevalence of complications and identify predictive factors affecting complication of both alpha and beta NTDT patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed NTDT patients who attended our clinic from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013. Medical record was reviewed for complication and clinical data. RESULTS One hundred NTDT patients were included in this study, female (60%), median age 38 years (19-78). Alpha thalassemia was the majority population (54%). Interestingly, overall complications were found in 83%. The three most common were extramedullary hematopoiesis (47%), cholelithiasis (35%) and abnormal liver function (29%). The others were endocrinopathy (29%), osteoporosis (17%), pulmonary hypertension (14%), cardiomyopathy (11%), thrombosis (4%), and leg ulcer (2%), respectively. The mean ferritin level was 1,563.46 ng/ml. Forty four and seventy six percent of patients had ferritin level more than 2,500 and 800 ng/ ml, respectively. The significant risk factors affecting complications in extramedullary hematopoiesis were female with odd ratio 2.76 (95% CI 1.046-7.294, p= 0.040) and hemoglobin level below 8 g/dL with odd ratio 3.08 (95% CI 1.113-8.521, p= 0.03) and the significant risk factors affecting complications in osteoporosis were female with odd ratio 7.64 (95% CI 1.514-38.604, p= 0.014) and age more than 40 years with odd ratio 4.66 (95% CI 1.313-16.506, p= 0.017). Iron overload (ferritin > 800 ng/ml) was the only risk factor for abnormal liver function from this study with odd ratio 3.79 (95% CI 1.033-13.919, p= 0.035), but trend to be statistical significant in other complications. Three patients were death and all of them died from sepsis. CONCLUSION Alpha thalassemia is the common type of NTDT in our study which is different from previous study. The complication in NTDT is also different from TM. The most common complications were extramedullary hematopoiesis, cholelithiasis and abnormal liver function. The prevalence of iron overload was high in these patients. Thus, regular iron monitoring and early investigation for complication detecting were necessary in this group of patients. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Soil-transmitted helminth infections and nutritional indices among Filipino schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0010008
Author(s):  
Mary Lorraine S. Mationg ◽  
Gail M. Williams ◽  
Veronica L. Tallo ◽  
Remigio M. Olveda ◽  
Eindra Aung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are still prevalent among schoolchildren in the Philippines. We evaluated the risk factors associated with STH and the relationship between STH and nutritional indices among schoolchildren aged 9–10 years in Laguna province, the Philippines. Methods We used the baseline data from 40 schools enrolled in a randomised controlled trial of the Magic Glasses Philippines health education package. Data on demographic and socio-economic variables, and STH related knowledge, attitudes and practices, were obtained through a questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and assessed for STH egg presence using the Kato-Katz technique. Haemoglobin levels and height and weight of study participants were also determined. The generalized estimating equations approach was used to construct logistic regression models to assess STH-associated risk factors, and the association between any STH infection and anaemia, child stunting, wasting and being underweight. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616000508471). Findings Among 1,689 schoolchildren, the prevalence of any STH was 23%. The prevalence of anaemia, stunting, being underweight and wasting was 13%, 20.2%, 19% and 9.5%, respectively. Age, socio-economic status, rural/urban classification of schools and knowledge of STH were significant risk factors for acquiring a STH infection. Moreover, infections with any STH were significantly associated with stunting (P = <0.001) and being underweight (P = <0.003), but not wasting (P = 0.375) or anaemia (P = 0.462) after controlling for confounding covariates. Conclusion The study findings emphasise the need for sustainable deworming in tandem with other measures such as the provision of health education, improvements in sanitation and hygiene, and nutritional programs in order to control STH infections and improve morbidity outcomes in schoolchildren. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616000508471).

Differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese deep vein thrombosis patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Ji Xin Xiong ◽  
Wei Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Compression Ultrasonography

Objective Recently, the differences in age or sex of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients have been widely debated. However, close analyses of the differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese DVT patients have been scarcely reported. The purpose of this research is to study the differences in limb, age and sex of DVT patients. Methods A total of 783 consecutive DVT patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with an acute presentation of DVT were diagnosed by means of compression ultrasonography or venography. Clinical characteristics and provoked risk factors were analyzed. Results There were three frequency peaks including two smaller peaks at age 20–24 and 70–74 years, and the largest peak at age 45–59 years. The most significant risk factors affecting different age groups were as follows: pregnancy/puerperium for age ≤39; fracture and hysterectomy for age 40–64; fracture and malignancy for age ≥65. DVT frequency rate provoked by malignancy was higher in right DVT than left DVT (15.8% vs. 4.6%; p < 0.001). Left DVT was more common than right DVT (582 vs. 158). Left DVT tended to occur in females (male:female, 40.5%:59.5%), and right DVT in males (male:female, 74.7%:25.3%). DVT provoked by pregnancy/puerperium (56/63, 88.9%) or hysterectomy (27/30, 90.0%) was mostly located in left limb. Conclusion It is necessary to pay more attention to thromboprophylaxis for patients with the risk factors of pregnancy/puerperium, hysterectomy, fracture and malignancy, especially those over the age of 65. And further research into the cause of limb, age and sex differences in DVT occurrence is needed.

Prevalence and risk factors for Leptospira exposure in New Zealand veterinarians

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2116-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. SANHUEZA ◽  
C. HEUER ◽  
P. R. WILSON ◽  
J. BENSCHOP ◽  
J. M. COLLINS-EMERSON
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

SUMMARYThis study assessed seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospira (serovars Hardjo, Pomona, Ballum, Copenhageni, Tarassovi) exposure in New Zealand veterinarians. Veterinarians (n = 277) at one of two conferences were voluntarily enrolled and blood samples taken. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titres ⩾48 were considered seropositive. Fourteen veterinarians (5·1%, 95% confidence interval 2·8−8·3) were seropositive to Leptospira. Home slaughter of cattle or pigs were significant risk factors for Leptospira exposure. There were no clear relationships between the animal species handled at work and serostatus. However, veterinarians spending a ‘mid to high’ proportion of their time (>50% to ⩽75%) with pets had higher odds of being seropositive than those not working with pets. A borderline positive association (P = 0·09) was observed between seropositivity and clinical influenza-like illness (⩾3 days off work) in the 18 months before the study. Assuming causality, this suggests that 8·3% of these cases may be attributed to Leptospira exposure.

scholarly journals TeamMate: A longitudinal study of New Zealand working farm dogs. I. Methods, population characteristics and health on enrolment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Elisabeth Isaksen ◽  
Lori Linney ◽  
Helen Williamson ◽  
Nick J Cave ◽  
Ngaio J Beausoleil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Background Working farm dogs are invaluable on New Zealand sheep and beef farms. To date no study describing farm dog population and health has included information about incidence of illness and injury, or risk factors affecting health and career duration. This paper describes the methodology and initial results from TeamMate, a longitudinal study that was designed to address this gap. We describe the study population, husbandry practices, and prevalence of clinical abnormalities on enrolment. Methods Data about the farms, owners, husbandry practices and dogs were collected on farm at approximately 6-month intervals. All dogs over 18 months old and in full work were enrolled. Dogs were given physical examinations by veterinarians. On examination all abnormalities were noted, regardless of clinical significance. Results Six hundred forty-one working farm dogs and 126 owners were enrolled from the South Island of New Zealand. Forty-nine percent of dogs were Heading dogs (314 of 641) and 48% Huntaways (308 of 641). Median age of dogs was four years (range 1.5 – 14) and median body condition score (BCS) was four on a 9-point scale (interquartile range (IQR) 3 – 5). Fifty-four percent of dogs were male (345 of 641), and 6% (41 of 641) were neutered. Eighty-one percent of owners (102 of 126) fed dogs commercial biscuits and meat sourced on farm. Forty-four percent of dogs (279 of 641) had bedding in their kennel, 14% (55 of 393) had insulated kennels, 69% (442 of 641) had been vaccinated and 33% (213 of 641) were insured. Clinical abnormalities were found in 74% of dogs (475 of 641). Common abnormalities involved the musculoskeletal system (43%, 273 of 641), skin (including scars and callouses; 42%, 272 of 641), and oral cavity (including worn and broken teeth; 35%, 227 of 641). Conclusions Our results expand on those from previous surveys and indicate that musculoskeletal illness and injury, and skin trauma are the most commonly seen clinical abnormalities in working farm dogs. These results will provide a baseline for investigation of incidence and risk factors for illness, injury, retirement and death in New Zealand working farm dogs.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and risk factors of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in Iran: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Hassanipour ◽  
Mojtaba Sepandi ◽  
Reza Tavakkol ◽  
Mousa Jabbari ◽  
Hadiseh Rabiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background Occupational contact with blood and body fluids poses a significant risk to healthcare workers. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors affecting needlestick injuries (NSI) in healthcare personnel in Iran. Methods In March 2020, researchers studied six international databases such as Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, ISI/WOS, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for English papers and two Iranian databases (MagIran and SID) for Persian papers. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess quality of studies. The method of reporting was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Results A total of 43 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that females (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.06–1.58, P value = 0.009), younger age (OR = 2.75, 95 % CI 2.27–3.33, P value < 0.001, rotated shift workers (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.47–3.15, P value < 0.001), not attending training courses (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.07–1.56, P value = 0.006), working in the surgery ward (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI 1.33–2.50, P value < 0.001), less work experience (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.04–1.95, P value = 0.025) apposed a greater risk factors for NSI among healthcare workers. Conclusion Based on the results of this review, factors such as young age, less work experience, work shift, and female gender are considered as strong risk factors for NSI injury in Iran. Preventive measures including education programs can reduce the burden of NSI among healthcare personnel.

Chinese Migrants’ Mental Health and Adjustment to Life in New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max W. Abbott ◽  
Sai Wong ◽  
Maynard Williams ◽  
Ming Au ◽  
Wilson Young
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
University Education ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Younger Age

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the relative importance of predictors of the self-rated adjustment and psychiatric morbidity of recent Chinese migrants. Method: Chinese migrants (n = 271) living in Auckland and aged 15 years or older completed a postal questionnaire that included the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). The majority of respondents came from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Results: Most respondents did not report major adjustment problems. The psychiatric morbidity rate was 19%. Major predictors of experiencing problems included rejection by locals, being aged 26–35 years or over 45 years and low English proficiency. Major predictors of poor adjustment included unemployment, low English proficiency, lack of university education, younger age, shorter residency, expectations not met and regrets about coming to New Zealand. Predictors of minor mental disorder included regretting coming, female gender and younger age. For migrants resident 2 years or less, unemployment and underemployment were additional risk factors. Mothers with absent husbands and young people with absent parents also had elevated rates of mental disorder. Conclusions: Although the overall prevalence of mental disorder for this sample of recent migrants appears to be similar to that of the general population, significant risk factors were identified. The findings extend knowledge of the adjustment and the mental health of migrants and provide potential focal points for primary and secondary prevention interventions.

scholarly journals TeamMate: A longitudinal study of New Zealand working farm dogs. I. Methods, population characteristics and health on enrolment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Elisabeth Isaksen ◽  
Lori Linney ◽  
Helen Williamson ◽  
Nick J Cave ◽  
Ngaio J Beausoleil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Background Working farm dogs are invaluable on New Zealand sheep and beef farms. To date no study describing farm dog population and health has included information about incidence of illness and injury, or risk factors affecting health and career duration. This paper describes the methodology and initial results from TeamMate, a longitudinal study that was designed to address this gap. We describe the study population, husbandry practices, and prevalence of clinical abnormalities on enrolment. Methods Data about the farms, owners, husbandry practices and dogs were collected on farm at approximately 6-month intervals. All dogs over 18 months old and in full work were enrolled. Dogs were given physical examinations by veterinarians. On examination all abnormalities were noted, regardless of clinical significance. Results Six hundred forty-one working farm dogs and 126 owners were enrolled from the South Island of New Zealand. Forty-nine percent of dogs were Heading dogs (314 of 641) and 48% Huntaways (308 of 641). Median age of dogs was four years (range 1.5 – 14) and median body condition score (BCS) was four on a 9-point scale (interquartile range (IQR) 3 – 5). Fifty-four percent of dogs were male (345 of 641), and 6% (41 of 641) were neutered. Eighty-one percent of owners (102 of 126) fed dogs commercial biscuits and meat sourced on farm. Forty-four percent of dogs (279 of 641) had bedding in their kennel, 14% (55 of 393) had insulated kennels, 69% (442 of 641) had been vaccinated and 33% (213 of 641) were insured. Clinical abnormalities were found in 74% of dogs (475 of 641). Common abnormalities involved the musculoskeletal system (43%, 273 of 641), skin (including scars and callouses; 42%, 272 of 641), and oral cavity (including worn and broken teeth; 35%, 227 of 641). Conclusions Our results expand on those from previous surveys and indicate that musculoskeletal illness and injury, and skin trauma are the most commonly seen clinical abnormalities in working farm dogs. These results will provide a baseline for investigation of incidence and risk factors for illness, injury, retirement and death in New Zealand working farm dogs.

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