Volumetric differences suggest involvement of cerebellum and brainstem in chronic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Başar Bilgiç ◽  
Gülşen Kocaman ◽  
Ali Bilgin Arslan ◽  
Handan Noyan ◽  
Resul Sherifov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Anatomical Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling neurologic condition that often evolves from episodic migraine. There has been mounting evidence on the volumetric changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in migraineurs. These studies mainly focused on episodic migraine patients and less is known about the differences in CM patients. Method A total of 24 CM patients and 24 healthy control individuals (all females) were included in this study. All participants underwent neurological examination and MRI. High-resolution anatomical MRI images were processed with an automated segmentation method (FreeSurfer). White-matter abnormalities of the brain were also evaluated with the Age-Related White-Matter-Changes Scale. Results The volumes of the cerebellum and brainstem were found to be smaller in CM patients compared to healthy controls. White-matter abnormalities were also found in CM patients, specifically in the bilateral parieto-occipital areas. There was no correlation between the clinical variables and volume decrease in these regions. Conclusion CM patients showed significant volume differences in infratentorial areas and white-matter abnormalities in the posterior part of the brain. It is currently unclear whether the structural brain changes seen in migraine patients are the cause or the result of headaches. Longitudinal volumetric neuroimaging studies with larger groups, especially on the chronification of migraine, are needed to shed light on this topic.

scholarly journals Stimulating Lifestyle is associated with Maintenance of White Matter Integrity with Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ducharme-Laliberté ◽  
Samira Mellah ◽  
Sylvie Belleville
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Integrity Test ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Brain maintenance refers to the fact that some older adults experience few age-related changes in the brain, which helps maintain their cognition. Objectives. The goals of this study are to assess maintenance of white matter integrity, test whether lifestyle factors affect the maintenance of white matter integrity, and measure whether maintenance of white matter integrity explains inter-individual differences in working memory (WM). Methods. Forty-one cognitively healthy older adults received a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination to measure white matter lesions. They completed an n-back WM task with different loads (1- & 2-back), along with a questionnaire on their lifestyle. Results. There was a positive association between age and volume of white matter lesions. This association was no longer found in those with higher lifestyle scores. In addition, smaller volumes of white matter lesions were associated with better performance than expected for age in the 1-back WM task. Discussion. Better WM in older adults is associated with maintenance of white matter integrity, which in turn is linked to a more stimulating lifestyle throughout life.

Aging, cognition, and the brain: effects of age-related variation in white matter integrity on neuropsychological function

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Teng Fan ◽  
Ya-Wen Fang ◽  
Ya-Ping Chen ◽  
Eric D. Leshikar ◽  
Ching-Po Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals White matter disconnection is related to age-related phonological deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B. W. Troutman ◽  
Michele T. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Transmission Failures ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Older adults have more language production difficulties than younger adults but display largely comparable language comprehension abilities. The Transmission Deficit Hypothesis suggests that production difficulties stem from an age-related increase in phonological signal transmission failures, while the semantic system, being more redundant than the phonological system, allows comprehension to be relatively preserved despite signal failures. Though the neural instantiation of the Transmission Deficit Hypothesis remains an open question, white matter represents one important factor to investigate. Metrics indicative of white matter connectivity across the brain, namely, Radial Diffusivity (RD) and Fractional Anisotropy (FA) have also been linked to age-related cognitive differences including naming difficulties. Using a Picture-Word Interference (PWI) task with 18 younger and 19 older healthy adults, we found that, across ages, better picture naming in the presence of phonological distractors was associated with lower RD across dorsal (r = −.35, p = .03), ventral (r = −.34, p = .04), and fronto-striatal (r = −.33, p = .04) tracts, and higher FA along dorsal tracts (r = .43, p = .008). The pattern of lower RD and higher FA, which is thought to reflect better white matter structure, points to the dorsal stream tracts as critical for performance on the PWI task. Moreover, the effects of RD and FA on performance were attenuated by the effect of age, reflecting the shared variance between age and white matter as it relates to language production ability.

scholarly journals Alternative Microstructural Measures to Complement Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Migraine Studies with Standard MRI Acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez ◽  
David García-Azorín ◽  
Ángel L. Guerrero ◽  
Rodrigo de Luis-García ◽  
Margarita Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Axial Diffusivity ◽  
Average Diffusion ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

The white matter state in migraine has been investigated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, but results using this technique are conflicting. To overcome DTI measures, we employed ensemble average diffusion propagator measures obtained with apparent measures using reduced acquisitions (AMURA). The AMURA measures were return-to-axis (RTAP), return-to-origin (RTOP) and return-to-plane probabilities (RTPP). Tract-based spatial statistics was used to compare fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity from DTI, and RTAP, RTOP and RTPP, between healthy controls, episodic migraine and chronic migraine patients. Fifty healthy controls, 54 patients with episodic migraine and 56 with chronic migraine were assessed. Significant differences were found between both types of migraine, with lower axial diffusivity values in 38 white matter regions and higher RTOP values in the middle cerebellar peduncle in patients with a chronic migraine (p < 0.05 family-wise error corrected). Significantly lower RTPP values were found in episodic migraine patients compared to healthy controls in 24 white matter regions (p < 0.05 family-wise error corrected), finding no significant differences using DTI measures. The white matter microstructure is altered in a migraine, and in chronic compared to episodic migraine. AMURA can provide additional results with respect to DTI to uncover white matter alterations in migraine.

scholarly journals In vivo detection of connectivity between cortical and white matter lesions in early MS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Mendelt Tillema ◽  
Stephen D Weigand ◽  
Jay Mandrekar ◽  
Yunhong Shu ◽  
Claudia F Lucchinetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Cortical Lesion ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: The relationship between cortical lesions (CLs) and white matter lesions (WMLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood. Pathological studies support a topographical association between CLs and underlying subcortical WMLs and suggest CLs may play a role in both disease initiation and progression. We hypothesized that cortical MS lesions are physically connected to white matter MS lesions via axonal connections. Objective: To assess the presence of CL-WML connectivity utilizing novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology. Methods: In all, 28 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 25 controls received 3 T MRI scans, including double inversion recovery (DIR) for CL detection coupled with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). CL and WML maps were created, and DTI was used to calculate inter-lesional connectivity and volumetric connectivity indices. Results: All patients showed inter-lesional WML connectivity (median 76% of WMLs connected to another WML; interquartile range (IQR), 58%–88%). On average, 52% of detected CLs per patient were connected to at least one WML (IQR, 42%–71%). Volumetric connectivity analysis showed significantly elevated cortical lesion ratios in MS patients (median, 2.3; IQR, 1.6–3.3) compared to null MS and healthy control datasets ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings provide strong evidence of inter-lesional connectivity between CLs and WMLs, supporting our hypothesis of intrinsic CL-WML connectivity.

scholarly journals Relationship of grey and white matter abnormalities with distance from the surface of the brain in multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1212-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
Carole H Sudre ◽  
Ferran Prados ◽  
Özgür Yaldizli ◽  
Varun Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Cerebral Metabolism of Patients with Stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery before and after Endarterectomy

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Grond ◽  
R. Balm ◽  
C. J. M. Klijn ◽  
L. J. Kappelle ◽  
B. C. Eikelboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Occlusion or severe stenosis, with a reduction in the diameter of more than 70% of the extracranial arteries may lead to hypoperfusion of the brain with an increased risk of cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether endarterectomy of stenosed internal carotid arteries leads to alterations in cerebral metabolism in regions in which no infarcts were visible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We studied 10 healthy control subjects and 20 patients with transient or nondisabling cerebral ischemia with MRI and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. All patients underwent carotid endarterectomy. Patients were examined 1 week before and 3–6 months after carotid endarterectomy. The N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/choline ratio in the symptomatic hemisphere before endarterectomy (2.29 ± 0.42) was significantly ( p < 0.001) lower than for control subjects (3.18 ± 0.32). In five of the patients lactate was detected preoperatively in regions that were not infarcted. The NAA/choline ratio in the symptomatic hemisphere of these five patients did not increase significantly after endarterectomy (1.99 ± 0.22 vs. 2.23 ± 0.48). The NAA/choline ratio in patients without lactate preoperatively increased significantly ( p < 0.01) after endarterectomy to a normal level (from 2.39 ± 0.42 to 2.92 ± 0.52). These results indicate that the presence of cerebral lactate may predict whether the NAA/choline ratio increases after carotid endarterectomy.

Proximal Myotonic Myopathy with MRI White Matter Abnormalities of the Brain

Neurology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hund ◽  
O. Jansen ◽  
M. C. Koch ◽  
K. Ricker ◽  
W. Fogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Proximal Myotonic Myopathy ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Edited Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Detects an Age-Related Decline in Nonhuman Primate Brain GABA Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanzi He ◽  
Bang-Bon Koo ◽  
Ronald J. Killiany
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Level ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Recent research had shown a correlation between aging and decreasing Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. However, how GABA level varies with age in the medial portion of the brain has not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the GABA level variation with age focusing on the posterior cingulate cortex, which is the “core hub” of the default mode network. In this study, 14 monkeys between 4 and 21 years were recruited, and MEGA-PRESS MRS was performed to measure GABA levels, in order to explore a potential link between aging and GABA. Our results showed that a correlation between age and GABA+/Creatine ratio was at the edge of significance (r=-0.523,p=0.081). There was also a near-significant trend between gray matter/white matter ratio and the GABA+/Creatine ratio (r=-0.518,p=0.0848). Meanwhile, the correlation between age and grey matter showed no significance (r=-0.028,p=0.93). Therefore, age and gray matter/white matter ratio account for different part ofR-squared (adjustedR-squared = 0.5187) as independent variables for predicting GABA levels. AdjustedR-squared is about 0.5 for two independent variables. These findings suggest that there is internal neurochemical variation of GABA levels in the nonhuman primates associated with normal aging and structural brain decline.

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