Early Warning Mechanism for the Surge of Passengers in Metro Systems Based on Automated Fare Collection Data: Case Study of Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Huan ◽  
Enjian Yao ◽  
Binbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Metro Systems

Recently, surges of passengers caused by large gatherings, temporary traffic control measures, or other abnormal events have frequently occurred in metro systems. From the standpoint of the operation managers, the available information about these outside events is incomplete or delayed. Unlike regular peaks of commuting, those unforeseen surges pose great challenges to emergency organization and safety management. This study aims to assist managers in monitoring passenger flow in an intelligent manner so as to react promptly. Compared with the high cost of deploying multisensors, the widely adopted automated fare collection (AFC) system provides an economical solution for inflow monitoring from the application point of view. In this paper, a comprehensive framework for the early warning mechanism is established, including four major phases: data acquisition, preprocessing, off-line modeling, and on-line detection. For each station, passengers’ tapping-on records are gathered in real time, to be further transformed into a dynamic time series of inflow volumes. Then, a sequence decomposition model is formulated to highlight the anomaly by removing its inherent disturbances. Furthermore, a novel hybrid anomaly detection method is developed to monitor the variation of passenger flow, in which the features of inflow patterns are fully considered. The proposed method is tested by a numerical experiment, along with a real-world case study of Guangzhou metro. The results show that, for most cases, the response time for detection is within 5 min, which makes the surge phenomenon observable at an early stage and reminds managers to make interventions appropriately.

scholarly journals Modeling Influencing Factors for Passenger Flow Growth of Modern Trams Using System Dynamics Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mao Ye ◽  
Ninghui Yang ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Lingling Ma ◽  
Yajing Chen
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Planning And Design

Modern trams have been widely used around the world, especially in China. This paper explores the main influencing factors of modern trams’ passenger flow at the early operational stage. The system dynamics model is adopted for dealing with the problem on hand. Tram Line 1 in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China is selected as the case study. Data are collected using the RP and SP survey. The sensitivity test and extreme condition test are performed. The simulation results demonstrate that four variables (i.e., land development intensity, fares, service level, and transfer efficiency) significantly affect passenger flow. Land development intensity is the most significant factor, and the effect of service level on passenger flow is higher than that of the fares. The departure interval of 10 minutes is the maximum psychological limit that passengers can bear, and 2 RMB is a reasonable price. Such conclusions can provide guidance for the planning and design of modern trams and address the problem of shortage of passengers at an early stage.

scholarly journals Study on the combined threshold for gully-type debris flow early warning

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Theodoor Wouterus Johannes van Asch ◽  
Changming Wang ◽  
Qiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Pressure Threshold

Abstract. Gully-type debris flow induced by high-intensity and short-duration rainfall frequently causes great loss of properties and causalities in mountainous regions of southwest China. In order to reduce the risk by geohazards, early warning systems have been provided. A triggering index can be detected in an early stage by the monitoring of rainfall and the changes in physical properties of the deposited materials along debris flow channels. Based on the method of critical pore pressure for slope stability analysis, this study presents critical pore pressure threshold in combination with rainfall factors for gully-type debris flow early warning. The Wenjia gully, which contains an enormous amount of loose material, was selected as a case study to reveal the relationship between the rainfall and pore pressure by field monitoring data. A three-level early warning system (zero, attention, and warning) is adopted and the corresponding judgement conditions are defined in real time. Based on this threshold, there are several rainfall events in recent years have been validated in Wenjia gully, which prove that such a combined threshold may be a reliable approach for the early warning of gully-type debris flow to safeguard the population in the mountainous areas.

scholarly journals Early Warning Mechanism of Loess Collapse Based on Stochastic Petri Net: A Case Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Yining Zhang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Yuyang Gao ◽  
Mengyun Liu ◽  
Mengxuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Petri Net ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Stochastic Petri Net ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism

Monitoring and Screening of Pipelines for Movement: A Fast and Cost-Effective Alternative for Pipeline Operators to Measure Drift in Pipelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schorr ◽  
Klaas Kole ◽  
Ferdinand Foessing
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case

Abstract For pipelines in the oil, gas, and mining industry, movement of pipelines is one of the main integrity hazards. This movement in most cases is caused by landslides instigated by heavy rain, earthquakes or volcanic activities. If the pipeline movement remains undetected at an early stage, it can lead to the need for costly repairs to prevent, remove, or repair potential or actual damage. Moreover, if the movements stay undetected for too long, these lines may fail and lead to catastrophic events. This paper will illustrate what a fast and cost-effective solution to avoid these threats at an early stage looks like and how it works. It will explain the process and demonstrate the full power of this technology on the basis of a case study. The standard solution for pipelines without a permanent position monitoring system at the time of installation includes the use of intelligent tools that are able to detect even the slightest changes in the trajectory. These inspection tools are quite expensive to run, especially when multiple screening runs are required throughout a year, e.g. before and after the rainy season or after a seismic event. Other monitoring solutions are either limited to only a specific area where the movement has already been detected at an earlier stage or lack the precision required to serve as an early warning system, such as LIDAR or satellite image comparison. Over the years, ROSEN has developed a technology that can bridge the gap between frequent measurements and cost-effective service. It is based on an electronic gyroscope that is commonly used in Inline Inspection tools but can also be installed in readily available cleaning tools. When first run in a pipeline, it records the whole pipeline trajectory, leaving no segment undocumented. The next step is to compare these recorded pipeline routing measurements with already existing trajectory baseline data, recorded earlier by any ILI tool with an optical gyro or similar. This comparison will reveal any deviation between both trajectories and precisely determine any pipeline movement. A case study will demonstrate how the comparison is achieved. When performing repetitive inspections, this screening comparison enables the operators to detect the onset of movements and monitor the progress of any known pipeline movement. It allows them to distinguish between stable areas from dynamic ground movements and keeps close track of changes in the pipe course. Through regular repetitions, any further development of the movement is tracked, and appropriate reactive measures can be scheduled in a timely manner. This new service provides a cost-effective and powerful early warning tool for geological pipeline integrity threats that can lead to loss of integrity, the asset, or — worst-case scenario — loss of life or environmental contamination, while at the same time, it reduces the necessity of pipeline intervention that will affect production.

scholarly journals Safety Management in Sea Reclamation Construction: A Case Study of Sanya Airport, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jinchao Ma ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Xiaoliu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Quay Wall ◽  
Sea Reclamation

Urbanization has increased the burden on land resources. Artificial island construction has been proven as an effective method for addressing these land resource problems; however, few studies have been conducted on the safety of sea reclamation construction. This paper proposes a systemic approach to the complete safety management process in sea reclamation engineering, including safety system design, analysis, control, and assessment, using the Sanya Sea Reclamation Airport, Hainan Province, China, as a case study. A total of 145 steel cylinders must be vibrated and sunk into the seafloor to create a 9 km quay wall. Owing to their large size, the steel cylinders have been divided into different segments, and an assembly jig is employed to ensure a safe production process. Considering the hazardous working environment in sea reclamation construction, a numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the safe repertory of these steel cylinders and verify the reliability of the selected scheme for their transportation. Finally, control measures are adopted to ensure a safe vibration and sinking procedure for the steel cylinders. The proposed approach could be used to provide safety management guidelines for artificial island engineering and construction.

BASS STRAIT OFFSHORE FACILITY SAFETY CASES: A CASE STUDY ON EFFECTIVE WORKFORCE INVOLVEMENT IN THE MODERN SAFETY CASE REGIME

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
M.C. Greenwood ◽  
D.C. Tyler ◽  
M.A. Newton ◽  
N.V. Clarke ◽  
J.J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
Planning Development

In 2001, Esso submitted 18 different Bass Strait Facility Safety Cases as part of their five year revision cycle, and obtained regulatory acceptance for each of them. These revised safety cases incorporated the accumulated learning from our many previous offshore safety case submissions, the 1998 Longford accident and our work with the WorkSafe Victoria Major Hazards Division. A number of significant challenges were met and overcome. This paper discusses our experiences and describes the processes we used to successfully develop useful, easy to use living safety cases for our offshore workforce.Although our priority was to demonstrate that we knew our facilities, had identified hazards, assessed the risks associated with those hazards and had control measures in place to reduce those risks to as low as reasonably practicable, we also wanted to bring about behavioural change. This paper will explain how our safety case revision processes were used to successfully change workforce behaviours with consequent changes to collective attitudes and values across the organisation.Extensive and highly effective employee involvement was integral to all stages of the safety case planning and development process. The paper examines how a skilled team comprising a workforce-elected Health and Safety Representative, an Offshore Installation Manager and specialist safety professionals collaborated to deliver a true program of workforce involvement and buy-in that in turn delivered the behavioural changes necessary for a true safety case culture to flourish.Esso’s approach of developing a safety case as a shopfloor friendly tool highlighting the linkages between routinely used safety management system controls and the major accident event risks present at the workplace has delivered significant benefit in developing a risk averse health and safety culture. A comprehensive ongoing learning program designed to give the workforce the knowledge, skills and confidence needed to use the safety case to maximum advantage, has been developed as a key component of our safety case program. This paper explores the successful planning, development and implementation of this innovative learning program that has been widely recognised by regulators and industry.

scholarly journals Study on the combined threshold for gully-type debris flow early warning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Theodoor Wouterus Johannes van Asch ◽  
Changming Wang ◽  
Qiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Gully-type debris flow induced by high-intensity and short-duration rainfall, frequently cause a great loss of properties and causalities in mountainous regions of Southwest China. In order to reduce the risk by geohazards, early warning systems have been provided. A triggering index can be detected in an early stage by the monitoring of rainfall and the changes in physical properties of the deposited materials along debris flow channel. Based on the method of critical pore pressure for slope stability analysis, this study presents critical pore pressure thresholds in combination with rainfall factors for gully-type debris flow early warning. The Wenjia gully, which contains an enormous amount of loose materials, was selected as a case study to reveal the relationship between the rainfalls and pore pressure, which can be used as a combined warning threshold. A three-level early warning system (Zero, Attention, and Warning) is adopted and the corresponding judgement conditions are defined in real-time. Based on this threshold, several rainfall events in recent years have been validated to prove that such a comprehensive threshold may be a reliable approach for the early warning of debris flows to safeguard the population in the mountainous areas.

Control Measures for High-Rise Building Operation Safety Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Kun Chu
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
New Period ◽  
Reconstruction Project ◽  
Building Operation

In the market economy reform of new period, large quantities of high-rise buildings have began to flood into the urban reconstruction project, and also have changed into the mainstream trend of the construction industry gradually. From another point of view, high-rise buildings are the symbols for the prosperity and development of the economy in cities and the comprehensive improvement of peoples living environment. However, high-rise buildings have their own inherent risks. In this paper, the risks of high-rise buildings, the control measures for high-rise building operation safety management, and other contents about construction site safety management are introduced successively. Hopefully, this paper will be helpful for the follow-up studies.

scholarly journals An Innovative Approach for Modelling Urban Road Traffic Using Timed Automata and Formal Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Valente ◽  
Camelia Avram ◽  
José Machado ◽  
Adina Astilean
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Timed Automata ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
Over Time

Modelling and implementing adequate controllers for urban road traffic control constitute a huge challenge nowadays because of the complexity of systems, as well as possible scenarios and configurations, in each road in a city. A series of issues related to modelling these behaviours are common to arise when using formalisms, tools, and computation machines to perform complex calculations and limitations. This paper presents a formal, flexible, and adaptable approach, with no limitations, from the scientific point of view. For this purpose, modelling formalisms (cellular automata and timed automata) and analysis techniques (simulation and formal verification) are proposed to reach the main goals of modelling complex and adaptable behaviours in urban road traffic with multiple over time changeable configurations. A case study is presented, in order to illustrate the approach and demonstrate in detail the unlimited application of the presented approach.

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