Modeling Bus Capacity for Bus Stops Using Queuing Theory and Diffusion Approximation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110302
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Weijie Chen ◽  
Yueru Xu ◽  
Zhirui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Method ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Diffusion Approximation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Bus Service

For bus service quality and line capacity, one critical influencing factor is bus stop capacity. This paper proposes a bus capacity estimation method incorporating diffusion approximation and queuing theory for individual bus stops. A concurrent queuing system between public transportation vehicles and passengers can be used to describe the scenario of a bus stop. For most of the queuing systems, the explicit distributions of basic characteristics (e.g., waiting time, queue length, and busy period) are difficult to obtain. Therefore, the diffusion approximation method was introduced to deal with this theoretical gap in this study. In this method, a continuous diffusion process was applied to estimate the discrete queuing process. The proposed model was validated using relevant data from seven bus stops. As a comparison, two common methods— Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) formula and M/M/S queuing model (i.e., Poisson arrivals, exponential distribution for bus service time, and S number of berths)—were used to estimate the capacity of the bus stop. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the diffusion approximation method is 7.12%, while the MAPEs of the HCM method and M/M/S queuing model are 16.53% and 10.23%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model is more accurate and reliable than the others. In addition, the influences of traffic intensity, bus arrival rate, coefficient of variation of bus arrival headway, service time, coefficient of variation of service time, and the number of bus berths on the capacity of bus stops are explored by sensitivity analyses.

scholarly journals An Efficient Multitask Scheduling Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Yin ◽  
Honggang Qi ◽  
Jingwen Xu ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Anping He
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Proposed Model

The sensor nodes of multitask wireless network are constrained in performance-driven computation. Theoretical studies on the data processing model of wireless sensor nodes suggest satisfying the requirements of high qualities of service (QoS) of multiple application networks, thus improving the efficiency of network. In this paper, we present the priority based data processing model for multitask sensor nodes in the architecture of multitask wireless sensor network. The proposed model is deduced with the M/M/1 queuing model based on the queuing theory where the average delay of data packets passing by sensor nodes is estimated. The model is validated with the real data from the Huoerxinhe Coal Mine. By applying the proposed priority based data processing model in the multitask wireless sensor network, the average delay of data packets in a sensor nodes is reduced nearly to 50%. The simulation results show that the proposed model can improve the throughput of network efficiently.

Modeling service time reliability in urban ferry system

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (26) ◽  
pp. 1750242
Author(s):  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Sida Luo ◽  
Mengke Zhang ◽  
Hanxia Shen ◽  
Feifei Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Quality Service ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
System A ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf

The urban ferry system can carry a large number of travelers, which may alleviate the pressure on road traffic. As an indicator of its service quality, service time reliability (STR) plays an essential part in attracting travelers to the ferry system. A wide array of studies have been conducted to analyze the STR of land transportation. However, the STR of ferry systems has received little attention in the transportation literature. In this study, a model was established to obtain the STR in urban ferry systems. First, the probability density function (PDF) of the service time provided by ferry systems was constructed. Considering the deficiency of the queuing theory, this PDF was determined by Bayes’ theorem. Then, to validate the function, the results of the proposed model were compared with those of the Monte Carlo simulation. With the PDF, the reliability could be determined mathematically by integration. Results showed how the factors including the frequency, capacity, time schedule and ferry waiting time affected the STR under different degrees of congestion in ferry systems. Based on these results, some strategies for improving the STR were proposed. These findings are of great significance to increasing the share of ferries among various urban transport modes.

scholarly journals Government Bus Tracking with Passenger Details

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S5) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Rf Receivers ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Rf Transmitters ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
The Cost

This paper proposes an alternative to the conventional public transport tracking systems which uses GPS. The proposed model uses LoRa wireless transmission to communicate between the bus stops and a base station. The buses are equipped with RF transmitters, which send out data regarding the bus identity, continuously. RF receivers placed in the bus stop, detects this bus when it is in range, and relays this information to the base station instantly through LoRa communication. The LoRa receiver in the base station collects the transit information from all such bus stops in its range, modifies it as per requirement, and stores all necessary information in a database. The prototype built, only cost one-seventh of the cost required to implement a conventional tracking system, and consumed much less power as well. Such a system has minimal dependence on the number of buses being used. Hence, the system can be scaled at minimal costs

scholarly journals Optimal Locations of Bus Stops Connecting Subways near Urban Intersections

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yuan Cui ◽  
Shao-kuan Chen ◽  
Jian-feng Liu ◽  
Wen-zheng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Minimum Delay ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Delay Time

Unsuitable locations of bus stops which provide feeder transportation connecting subways near urban intersections usually lead to the low efficiency of public transport and level of passenger service. A multiobjective optimization model to distribute such stop locations is proposed to attain the shortest total walk distance of passengers and minimum delay time of cars through intersections and travel time of buses. The Pareto frontier and optimal solutions for the proposed model are given by the distance-based and enumerative methods. The Xizhimen bus stop is selected to implement case studies for verifying the validity of the proposed model. The analysis of sensitivity on possible solutions is also carried out in the case studies. The results show that the proposed model is capable of optimizing the locations of bus stops connecting subways near intersections and helpful to improve the level of passengers service and operational efficiency of public transportation.

Bus service time estimation model for a curbside bus stop

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bomin Bian ◽  
Ning Zhu ◽  
Shuai Ling ◽  
Shoufeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Bus Service

scholarly journals Coupling Degree between the Demand and Supply of Bus Services at Stops: A Density-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Bowen Li ◽  
Zhengdong Huang ◽  
Jizhe Xia ◽  
Wenshu Li ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Level 2

The bus stop layout and route deployment may influence the efficiency of bus services. Evaluating the supply of bus service requires the consideration of demand from various urban activities, such as residential and job-related activities. Although various evaluation methods have been explored from different perspectives, it remains a challenging issue. This study proposes a spatial statistical approach by comparing the density of the potential demand and supply of bus services at bus stops. The potential demand takes jobs-housing locations into account, and the supply of bus services considers bus stops and their associated total number of daily bus arrivals. The kernel density estimation (KDE) and spatial autocorrelation analyses are employed to investigate the coupling relationship between the demand and supply densities at global and local scales. A coupling degree index (CDI) is constructed to standardize the measurement of demand-supply balance. A case study in Wuhan, China demonstrated that: (1) the spatial distribution of bus stops is reasonable at global level, (2) Seriously unbalanced locations for bus services have been detected at several stops. Related adjustments that can improve these defects are highly recommended.

Evaluation of subway passengers transfer hub congestion based on queuing model and TOPSIS method

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Xiaokun Wang ◽  
Dong Ni
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Service Facility ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Topsis Technique

To scientifically and reasonably evaluate and pre-warn the congestion degree of subway transfer hub, and effectively know the risk of subway passengers before the congestion time coming. We analyzed the passenger flow characteristics of various service facilities in the hub. The congested area of the subway passenger flow interchange hub is divided into queuing area and distribution area. The queuing area congestion evaluation model selects M/M/C and M/G/C based on queuing theory. The queuing model and the congestion evaluation model of the distribution area select the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Queue length and waiting time are selected as the evaluation indicators of congestion in the queuing area, and passenger flow, passenger flow density and walking speed are selected as the evaluation indicators of congestion in the distribution area. And then, K-means cluster analysis method is used to analyze the sample data, and based on the selected evaluation indicators and the evaluation model establishes the queuing model of the queuing area and the TOPSIS model of the collection and distribution area. The standard value of the congestion level of various service facilities and the congestion level value of each service facility obtained from the evaluation are used as input to comprehensively evaluate the overall congestion degree of the subway interchange hub. Finally we take the Xi’an Road subway interchange hub in Dalian as empirical research, the data needed for congestion evaluation was obtained through field observations and questionnaires, and the congestion degree of the queue area and the distribution area at different times of the workday was evaluated, and the congestion of each service facility was evaluated. The grade value is used as input, and the TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the degree of congestion in the subway interchange hub, which is consistent with the results of passenger congestion in the questionnaire, which verifies the feasibility of the evaluation model and method.

A spatial queuing model for the location decision of emergency medical vehicles for pandemic outbreaks: the case of Za'atari refugee camp

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Blank
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service System ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Location Decision ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emergency Medical

PurposeRefugee camps can be severely struck by pandemics, like potential COVID-19 outbreaks, due to high population densities and often only base-level medical infrastructure. Fast responding medical systems can help to avoid spikes in infections and death rates as they allow the prompt isolation and treatment of patients. At the same time, the normal demand for emergency medical services has to be dealt with as well. The overall goal of this study is the design of an emergency service system that is appropriate for both types of demand.Design/methodology/approachA spatial hypercube queuing model (HQM) is developed that uses queuing-theory methods to determine locations for emergency medical vehicles (also called servers). Therefore, a general optimization approach is applied, and subsequently, virus outbreaks at various locations of the study areas are simulated to analyze and evaluate the solution proposed. The derived performance metrics offer insights into the behavior of the proposed emergency service system during pandemic outbreaks. The Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan is used as a case study.FindingsThe derived locations of the emergency medical system (EMS) can handle all non-virus-related emergency demands. If additional demand due to virus outbreaks is considered, the system becomes largely congested. The HQM shows that the actual congestion is highly dependent on the overall amount of outbreaks and the corresponding case numbers per outbreak. Multiple outbreaks are much harder to handle even if their cumulative average case number is lower than for one singular outbreak. Additional servers can mitigate the described effects and lead to enhanced resilience in the case of virus outbreaks and better values in all considered performance metrics.Research limitations/implicationsSome parameters that were assumed for simplification purposes as well as the overall model should be verified in future studies with the relevant designers of EMSs in refugee camps. Moreover, from a practitioners perspective, the application of the model requires, at least some, training and knowledge in the overall field of optimization and queuing theory.Practical implicationsThe model can be applied to different data sets, e.g. refugee camps or temporary shelters. The optimization model, as well as the subsequent simulation, can be used collectively or independently. It can support decision-makers in the general location decision as well as for the simulation of stress-tests, like virus outbreaks in the camp area.Originality/valueThe study addresses the research gap in an optimization-based design of emergency service systems for refugee camps. The queuing theory-based approach allows the calculation of precise (expected) performance metrics for both the optimization process and the subsequent analysis of the system. Applied to pandemic outbreaks, it allows for the simulation of the behavior of the system during stress-tests and adds a further tool for designing resilient emergency service systems.

Study on the Optimal Improvement of the Bus Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1776-1781
Author(s):  
Wen Hua Jiang ◽  
Xian Xiang Wang ◽  
Hang Fei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Site Location ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Site Layout ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Bus Station ◽  
Bus Stops

Starting from several aspects of site location, site size and site layout, this document studies the urban bus stop systematically, proposes the setting principles of urban bus stop. Take Yiwu bus stops for example, which focus on the analysis of the reasonable setting of the sites, and has provided guidance for the layout of urban bus stop.

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