Perpetration and Victimization of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Men and Women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

We describe and compare the baseline rates of victimization and perpetration of three forms of intimate partner violence (IPV)—psychological, physical, and sexual—among sexually active men ( n = 1,113) and women ( n = 226) enrolled in an ongoing cluster-randomized HIV and gender-based violence prevention trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. IPV was measured using a modified version of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women instrument. We assess the degree to which men and women report overlapping forms of IPV victimization and perpetration. Sociodemographic and other factors associated with increased risk of victimization and perpetration of IPV are examined. Within the last 12 months, 34.8% of men and 35.8% of women reported any form of IPV victimization. Men were more likely than women to report perpetrating IPV (27.6% vs. 14.6%, respectively). We also found high rates of co-occurrence of IPV victimization and perpetration with 69.7% of male perpetrators and 81.8% of female perpetrators also reporting victimization during the last year. Among men, having ever consumed alcohol and experiencing childhood violence were associated with increased risk of most forms of IPV. Younger women were more likely to report perpetrating IPV than older women. We found evidence of gender symmetry with regard to most forms of IPV victimization, but men reported higher rates of IPV perpetration than women. Given the substantial overlap between victimization and perpetration reported, our findings suggest that IPV may be bidirectional within relationships in this setting and warrant further investigation. Implications for interventions are discussed.

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Intimate partner violence

Oxford Textbook of Public Mental Health ◽

10.1093/med/9780198792994.003.0049 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 465-476

Author(s):

Carmen Wong ◽

Wai Ching Ng ◽

Hua Zhong ◽

Anne Scully-Hill

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Psychological Harm ◽

And Gender ◽

Health Organization ◽

Internal And External Factors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to any action that causes physical, sexual, and psychological harm by intimate partners, which includes domestic violence. This chapter gives a brief overview and details the prevalence, current theories, research, and evidence, including patriarchy and gender issues. IPV is complex, with internal and external factors relating to the victim, perpetrator, family, and the community. The long-term impacts on physical and mental health are reviewed. Recent direction by the World Health Organization describes a multi-level integrated approach, which is discussed topically in terms of individual, relational, and community prevention and intervention and its challenges. Finally, policies and laws relating to IPV are reviewed. This chapter has been written collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team of medical, social, and legal professionals.

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Combatting Intimate Partner Violence: Representations of Social and Healthcare Personnel Working with Gender-Based Violence Interventions

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17155543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (15) ◽

pp. 5543 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcella Autiero ◽

Fortuna Procentese ◽

Stefania Carnevale ◽

Caterina Arcidiacono ◽

Immacolata Di Napoli

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Gender Violence ◽

World Health ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Integrated Networks ◽

Gender Based

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization. Although the attention paid to both the perpetrators and victims of gender-based violence has increased, scientific research is still lacking in regard to the representations of operators involved in interventions and management. Therefore, the following study explores how the representations of operators affect how gender violence can be managed and combatted through an ecological approach to this phenomenon, in addition to highlighting the roles of organizational-level services and their cultural and symbolic substrates. In total, 35 health and social professionals were interviewed and textual materials were analyzed by thematic analysis. The evidence suggests that services contrasting gender-based violence utilize different representations and management approaches. The authors hope that these differences can become a resource, rather than a limitation, when combatting gender-based violence through the construction of more integrated networks and a greater dialogue among different services, in order to make interventions designed to combat gender-based violence more effective.

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Intimate-partner violence and its relationship with substance consumption by Mexican men and women: National Survey on Addictions

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 135-143

Author(s):

Guillermina Natera Rey ◽

Midiam Moreno López ◽

Filiberto Toledano-Toledano ◽

Francisco Juárez García ◽

Jorge Villatoro Velázquez

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

National Survey ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

National Study ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Men And Women ◽

Substance Consumption

Introduction. Research findings about intimate-partner violence (IPV) have focused mostly on women as victims of violence. Recent studies show the importance of violence inflicted by women towards men or between same-sex couples. Objective. To estimate the prevalence of intimate-partner violence and its association with alcohol and drug consumption in a representative sample of men and women in Mexico through secondary data analysis. Method. The data come from a representative sample who filled out the section on intimate-partner violence in the Mexican 2011 Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones (National Survey on Addictions). Results. The prevalence of intimate-partner violence in the last year was 17.6% against women and 13.4% against men. If one of the two partners consumed substances, the risk that men and women would experience violence increased, and that risk was even greater if both consumed. Discussion and conclusion. This is the first time violence against men was reported in a Mexican national study. The findings show that gender-based violence should also be considered a result of social and cultural violence.

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Categories and health impacts of intimate partner violence in the World Health Organization multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyaa220 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucy C Potter ◽

Richard Morris ◽

Kelsey Hegarty ◽

Claudia García-Moreno ◽

Gene Feder

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Country Study ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) damages health and is costly to families and society. Individuals experience different forms and combinations of IPV; better understanding of the respective health effects of these can help develop differentiated responses. This study explores the associations of different categories of IPV on women’s mental and physical health. Methods Using data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence, multilevel mixed effects logistic regression modelling was used to analyse associations between categories of abuse (physical IPV alone, psychological IPV alone, sexual IPV alone, combined physical and psychological IPV, and combined sexual with psychological and/or physical IPV) with measures of physical and mental health, including self-reported symptoms, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and nights in hospital. Results Countries varied in prevalence of different categories of IPV. All categories of IPV were associated with poorer health outcomes; the two combined abuse categories were the most damaging. The most common category was combined abuse involving sexual IPV, which was associated with the poorest health [attempted suicide: odds ratio (OR): 10.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.37-13.89, thoughts of suicide: 8.47, 7.03-10.02, memory loss: 2.93, 2.41-3.56]. Combined psychological and physical IPV was associated with the next poorest outcomes (attempted suicide: 5.67, 4.23-7.60, thoughts of suicide: 4.41, 3.63-5.37, memory loss: 2.33, 1.88-2.87-). Conclusions Understanding the prevalence and health impact of different forms and categories of IPV is crucial to risk assessment, tailoring responses to individuals and planning services. Previous analyses that focused on singular forms of IPV likely underestimated the more harmful impacts of combined forms of abuse.

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Exploring Intimate Partner Violence Status Among Male Veterans and Associated Health Outcomes

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988313492558 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 66-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Catherine Cerulli ◽

Robert M. Bossarte ◽

Melissa E. Dichter

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Veteran Status ◽

Health Organization

The World Health Organization has identified intimate partner violence (IPV) as a public health issue affecting both men and women, though significantly more information is available regarding female victimization. This study examines IPV through the lens of male victimization, focusing on a comparison of physical and mental health consequences among men who are and are not military veterans. Results from a secondary analysis of data from the Behavior Risk Factor Survey taken by 13,765 males indicated that all males, regardless of veteran status, should be screened for IPV victimization given the prevalence reported in this sample (9.5% to 12.5%). Furthermore, it was found that veteran status did affect prevalence of particular health consequences, such as depression, smoking, and binge drinking. Based on the specific comparisons examined in this study, implications for Veteran’s Administration Health Services are discussed, as is the need for more research on IPV victimization rates for men and the particular health consequences that they suffer.

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Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud para responder a las mujeres que sufren violencia de pareja o violencia sexual. Manual para gerentes de salud.

10.37774/9789275322468 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Health Systems ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

El Sistema ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Health Organization

El siguiente manual está dirigido a los gerentes del Sistema de Salud, en todos los niveles. Se basa en las directrices del 2013 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para dar respuesta a la violencia de pareja y a la violencia sexual contra las mujeres. Este manual utiliza los elementos fundamentales de los sitemas de salud según la OMS, descritos en el marco de acción para el fortalicimiento de los sistemas de salud. Y junto con el manual clínico complementario contribuye a la ejecución del componente de salud del Programa Mundial Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre Servicios Esenciales para las mujeres y las niñas víctimas de la violencia. Su finalidad es fortaecer a los sistemas de salud para que puedan prestar a las sobrevivientes de la violencia servicios confidenciales, eficaces y centrados en la mujer. La violencia daña la salud de las mujeres de muchas formas, tanto inmediatas como a largo plazo, tanto evidentes como ocultas. Puede incluir violencia física, sexual y psíquica. Los actos de violencia pueden ser cometidos por la pareja o, en caso de la violencia sexual por cualquier agresor. El manual se centra en la violencia que ejercen los hombres contra las mujeres, en particular la violencia de pareja y la agresión sexual, que permanencen ocultas y, a menudo, pasan desapercibidas para el sistema de salud. Los usuarios propuestos para este manual son los gerentes de salud en todos los niveles que tienen la responsabilidad de diseñar, planificar o gestionar servicios de salud para las mujeres, entre ellas las que han sufrido violencia. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés: Strengthening health systems to respond to women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: a manual for health managers. © World Health Organization 2017. ISBN: 978-92-4-151300-5.

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Increased Gender-based Violence Among Women Internally Displaced in Mississippi 2 Years Post–Hurricane Katrina

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181979c32 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Michael Anastario ◽

Nadine Shehab ◽

Lynn Lawry

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Hurricane Katrina ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Gender Based

ABSTRACTObjectives: Although different types of gender-based violence (GBV) have been documented in disaster-affected populations, no studies have documented a quantitative increase in rates of GBV among populations living in protracted displacement after a disaster. We aimed to assess the change in rates of GBV after Hurricane Katrina among internally displaced people (IDPs) living in travel trailer parks in Mississippi.Methods: The study design included successive cross-sectional randomized surveys, conducted in 2006 and 2007, among IDPs in Mississippi using a structured questionnaire. We sampled 50 travel trailer parks in 9 counties in Mississippi in 2006, and 69 parks in 20 counties in 2007. A total of 420 female respondents comprised the final sample. We measured respondent demographics, forms of GBV including sexual and physical violence further subtyped by perpetrator, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9–assessed depression.Results: Respondents had a mean age of 42.7 years. The crude rate of new cases of GBV among women increased from 4.6/100,000 per day to 16.3/100,000 per day in 2006, and remained elevated at 10.1/100,000 per day in 2007. The increase was primarily driven by the increase in intimate partner violence. GBV experience was significantly associated with increased risk for poor mental health outcomes.Conclusions: Overall, the rate of GBV, particularly intimate partner violence, increased within the year following Hurricane Katrina and did not return to baseline during the protracted phase of displacement. Disaster planning efforts should incorporate plans to decrease the incidence of GBV following a disaster, and to ensure adequate services to people with postdisaster GBV experience. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:18–26)

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The Psychometric Properties of the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF Among Thai Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.389 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 389-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ratchneewan Ross ◽

Ghada Shahrour ◽

Andrea Warner Stidham ◽

Douglas Delahanty

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

The World ◽

Organization Quality ◽

Health Organization

Background and Purpose: The World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) has been used in various populations and cultures. However, its psychometric properties are unknown among women who experienced intimate partner violence (WIPV). This study aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the WHOQOL-BREF among Thai WIPV. Methods: Two hundred eighty-four female patients receiving care at a northeast hospital in Thailand responded to the WHOQOL-BREF and intimate partner violence (IPV) questions. Exploratory factor and consistency analyses were applied. Results: Different from the original study, this study generated 5 factors, 1 of which is Medical Care Needs. The resulting scale and subscales showed good reliability and construct validity. Conclusion: The 5-factor scale can be used among WIPV by health care professionals to assess their quality of life (QOL) and appropriately address their needs.

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Women survivors of intimate partner violence: the difficult transition to independence

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s0080-623420140000600002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (spe) ◽

pp. 07-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Neto da Cruz Leitão

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Women Survivors ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Transition Process ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Ethical Guidelines ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Relationship ◽

Depth Interviews

Objective To understand the trajectories that women go through from entering into to leaving relationships involving intimate partner violence (IPV), and identify the stages of the transition process. Method We utilized a constructivist paradigm based on grounded theory. We ensured that the ethical guidelines of the World Health Organization for research on domestic violence were followed. The analysis focused on narratives of 28 women survivors of IPV, obtained from in-depth interviews. Results The results showed that the trajectories experienced by women were marked by gender issues, (self) silencing, hope and suffering, which continued after the end of the IPV. Conclusion The transition process consists of four stages: entry - falls in love and becomes trapped; maintenance - silences own self, consents and remains in the relationship; decides to leave - faces the problems and struggles to be rescued; (re) balance - (re) finds herself with a new life. This (long) process was developed by wanting (and being able to have) self-determination.

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Addressing Intimate Partner Violence Among Female Clients Accessing HIV Testing and Counseling Services: Pilot Testing Tools in Rakai, Uganda

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801216663657 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (13) ◽

pp. 1656-1668 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth J. King ◽

Suzanne Maman ◽

Fredinah Namatovu ◽

Deus Kiwanuka ◽

Robert Kairania ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Screening And Brief Intervention ◽

Hiv Counseling ◽

Testing Tools ◽

Counseling And Testing ◽

Health Organization ◽

Female Clients

The World Health Organization recommends that HIV counseling and testing (HCT) programs implement strategies to address how intimate partner violence (IPV) influences women’s ability to protect themselves from and seek care and treatment for HIV infection. We discuss the process used to adapt a screening and brief intervention (SBI) for female clients of HCT services in Rakai, Uganda—a setting with high prevalence of both HIV and IPV. By outlining our collaborative process for adapting and implementing the SBI in Rakai and training counselors for its use, we hope other HCT programs will consider replicating the approach in their settings.

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