The Association Between Past Sexual Abuse and Depression in Older Adults From Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee J. Flores ◽  
Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽  
Jim P. Stimpson ◽  
Claudia M. Chalela ◽  
Carlos A. Reyes-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

To explore the association between past sexual abuse and depression in elders living in Bogotá, Colombia, we used data from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento [Health, Well-being, and Aging]) Bogotá Study. Participants were 2000 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older in 2012. Sexual abuse was assessed by self-report. Depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. The weighted prevalence estimate was 2.6% for past sexual abuse and 23.4% for depression. Multivariate data analyses showed significantly higher odds of depression for past sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-7.16). Other characteristics associated with depression were history of being displaced by violence (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.30-2.40), low socioeconomic status, low education, poor self-rated health status, and poor self-rated memory. Thus, past sexual abuse and history of being displaced by violence were strongly associated with depression among Colombian elderly individuals.

scholarly journals DO PERSONALITY TRAITS INFLUENCE PERCEPTIONS OF COGNITIVE CHANGE IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S893-S894
Author(s):  
Thomas M Meuser ◽  
Regula H Robnett
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Influence Perceptions

Abstract Recent research has linked personality traits and risk for cognitive impairment in advancing age. Associations with neuroticism are particularly robust. Both longstanding and recent elevations may predict dementia. Other traits – conscientiousness and openness to experience – also show unique associations. These findings derive mainly from large sample population studies and smaller clinical investigations. Relevance to the general population is unclear. We investigated the “big five” personality traits and cognition in 232 community-dwelling adults (73% female, 97% Caucasian, mean age 72 years). Scores on a self-report screen for dementia – the AD8 – framed the sample: 77% scored 0 points, no dementia; 23% scored 2+, possible dementia. Age and personality were independent variables in a binary logistic regression with AD8 status as dependent. All predictors but one, extraversion, were significant (p < .05), suggesting that personality traits may influence perceptions of cognitive change. Higher agreeableness and neuroticism predicted possible dementia status on the AD8, whereas higher openness and conscientiousness predicted normal cognition. Interestingly, most in the AD8 positive group (70%) denied having “more problems with memory than most” on the Geriatric Depression Scale. These perceptions would seem incompatible, especially for true positive cases. Our findings suggest that the role of personality in dementia screening (and, perhaps, diagnosis) may be more nuanced than indicated in other studies. Longstanding traits and present perceptions are both elements of the evaluative process, as much as test scores and reported history. Our findings speak to the value of a person-centered, context-aware approach in cognitive screening.

scholarly journals The Effects of Gender and Family Wealth on Sexual Abuse of Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyglo Runarsdottir ◽  
Edward Smith ◽  
Arsaell Arnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
10Th Grade

Background: Sexual abuse and sexual assaults against adolescents are among the most significant threats to their health and well-being. Some studies have found poverty to be a risk factor for sexual abuse. The present study investigates the effects of gender and family affluence on the prevalence of sexual abuse of 15-year-old Icelanders in the 10th grade. Methods: The study is based on data collected for the Icelandic part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in 2014. Standardized questionnaires were sent to all students in the 10th grade in Iceland, of which 3618 participated (85% of all registered students in this grade). Results: Girls were more than twice as likely to be sexually abused as boys (20.2% versus 9.1%). Adolescents perceiving their families to be less well off than others were twice as likely to report sexual abuse as those of ample or medium family affluence. However, family affluence had more effect on the prevalence of abuse in girls than in boys. Conclusion: Female gender and low socioeconomic status may independently contribute to the risk of sexual abuse.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Locomotive Syndrome and Depression in Community-Dwelling Elderly People

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misa Nakamura ◽  
Hiroshi Hashizume ◽  
Sachiko Nomura ◽  
Ryohei Kono ◽  
Hirotoshi Utsunomiya
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Locomotive Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Study Participants

Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a concept that refers to the condition of people requiring healthcare services because of problems associated with locomotion. Depression is a major psychiatric disease among the elderly, in addition to dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between LS and depression. The study participants were 224 healthy elderly volunteers living in a rural area in Japan. LS was defined as scores ≥ 16 on the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25). Depression was defined as scores ≥ 5 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Height and body weight were measured. The prevalence of LS and depression was 13.9% and 24.2%, respectively. Compared with the non-LS group, the LS group was older, was shorter, had a higher BMI, and had higher GDS-15 scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants with GDS-15 scores ≥ 6 had higher odds for LS than those with GDS-15 scores < 6 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.22). Conversely, the depression group had higher GLFS-25 scores than the nondepression group. Participants with GLFS-25 scores ≥ 5 had higher odds for depression than those with GLFS-25 scores < 5 (OR = 4.53). These findings suggest that there is a close relationship between LS and depression.

scholarly journals Social cohesion and health in old age: a study in southern Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenling Chen ◽  
Kiyohito Okumiya ◽  
Taizo Wada ◽  
Ryota Sakamoto ◽  
Hissei Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Southern Taiwan

ABSTRACTBackground:Previous studies have found that social cohesion and trust (SCT) were associated with psychological well-being and physical health. In this study, we investigated the associations between SCT and mental and physical health among community-dwelling elderly in a town in southern Taiwan.Methods:The study population consisted of 149 community-dwelling elderly aged 65 years and older (68 men, 81 women; mean age, 75.4 ± 6.1 years) residing in the town of Dashe in southern Taiwan. Activities of daily living (ADL), SCT, depression, subjective quality of life (QOL), current medical status, past medical history, and health behaviors were assessed in face-to-face interviews. Objective neurobehavioral functions were assessed using the timed up & go (TUG) test, functional reach test, and handgrip test.Results:Scores for ADL and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were significantly correlated with SCT, and SCT was significantly correlated with all subjective QOL items. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between SCT and relationship with friends. Values for SCT (median ≥ 20) were significantly associated with both subjective sense of health (median ≥ 68) and subjective happiness (median ≥ 73) after adjusting for age, sex, and ADL.Conclusion:SCT is an important variable that influences self-rated health and happiness, independently of ADL, age, and sex. When assessing geriatric psychological function, SCT should be examined more carefully, given its association with subjective sense of health and happiness, depression, and physical function.

scholarly journals Psychosocial functioning in the elderly: an assessment of self-concept and depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicci Grace ◽  
Samia R. Toukhsati
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Residential Aged Care

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between self-concept and depression in elderly people living in Residential Aged Care (RAC) settings. Forty-five residents, comprising 17 males and 28 females (M = 82.64 years, SD = 8.38 years), were recruited from 10 low-care, RAC facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Participants completed the Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale: 2. The results revealed that all self-concept domains were significantly lower in RAC residents in comparison to norms drawn from community dwelling samples (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant inverse relationship between depression and self-concept domains (p < 0.05) was observed in RAC residents, with 28.8% of the variance in depression scores accounted for by Physical Self Concept. These findings identify self-concept, particularly physical self-concept, as an important predictor of psychosocial well-being in elderly RAC residents. Further research is needed to examine the efficacy of psychosocial and rehabilitative interventions to optimise self-concept in RAC residents.

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestation of Patients Who Died Due to COVID-19; A Retrospective Study from Qom-Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 864-869
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hormati ◽  
Seyed Yaser Foroghi Ghomi ◽  
Masoudreza Sohrabi ◽  
Saeedeh Jafari ◽  
Amir Jabbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rome Iii Criteria ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
History Of

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease with no exact laboratory or imaging findings. IBS is more common in areas with a history of psychological trauma and war. This study aims to report the prevalence and possible determinants of IBS in southwestern Iran, an area with a notable history of war. Methods: We randomly enrolled 1849 permanent residents in 29 cities aged 20 to 65 years. A validated for Farsi version Rome III criteria and a questionnaire, including demographic data and health history, were administered to each subject. Participants who fulfilled the Rome III criteria were categorized into three groups: Diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), Constipation dominant (IBS-C), and Mixed type (IBS-M). Results: The total prevalence of IBS was 3.2%, with 70% of subjects being of Arab descent (P=0.004). IBS was more common in females, singles, illiterate subjects, and people younger than 30 years; however, none of these differences were statistically significant. People with depression, anxiety, self-report of psychological disorders, and very low socioeconomic status had a significantly higher prevalence of IBS (P<0.05). After multivariable logistic regression analysis, very low socioeconomic status had an independent role in IBS predictivity (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.01–5.15). Conclusion: This study shows a higher prevalence of IBS symptoms in a population-based study in the region compared to counterparts in other regions of Iran. Considering the higher prevalence of self-reported psychological disorders, further studies are recommended to focus on the exact diagnosis of mental disorders and their influence on IBS.

scholarly journals Association of n-3 long-chain PUFA and fish intake with depressive symptoms and low dispositional optimism in older subjects with a history of myocardial infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondine van de Rest ◽  
Janette de Goede ◽  
Femke Sytsma ◽  
Linda M. Oude Griep ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Well Being

Individuals with CHD are at increased risk of poor mental well-being. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA, the main n-3 fatty acids from fish, may be beneficial to mental well-being. We examined the association of EPA+DHA and fish intake with mental well-being in 644 participants, aged 60–80 years, with a history of myocardial infarction. Habitual food intake was assessed with a 203-item FFQ. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the self-report geriatric depression scale, and dispositional optimism was assessed with the revised life orientation test (LOT-R) and a four-item questionnaire (4Q). In Cox-regression models modified for cross-sectional analyses, we adjusted for sex, age, energy intake, BMI, family history of depression, education, marital status, smoking, physical activity and intake of saturated fat, alcohol and fibre. Compared with the lower tertile, subjects in the higher tertile of EPA+DHA intake had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms, but this association was not statistically significant (prevalence ratio (PR) 0·78; 95 % CI 0·50, 1·22, P-trend 0·27). The higher tertile of EPA+DHA intake was positively associated with dispositional optimism measured with the 4Q (PR 0·69; 95 % CI 0·46, 1·03, P-trend 0·05), but not according to the LOT-R. Fish intake was not related to either depressive symptoms or dispositional optimism. In conclusion, intake of EPA+DHA was positively associated with dispositional optimism assessed with the 4Q, but not with optimism assessed with the LOT-R or with depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Sexual abuse in childhood and postoperative depression in women with breast cancer who opt for immediate reconstruction after mastectomy

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Clark ◽  
Christopher Holcombe ◽  
Jonathan Hill ◽  
Margorit Rita Krespi-Boothby ◽  
Jean Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Immediate Reconstruction ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTION Breast reconstruction is routinely offered to women who undergo mastectomy for breast cancer. However, patient-reported outcomes are mixed. Child abuse has enduring effects on adults’ well-being and body image. As part of a study into damaging effects of abuse on adjustment to breast cancer, we examined: (i) whether women with history of abuse would be more likely than other women to opt for reconstruction; and (ii) whether mood problems in women opting for reconstruction can be explained by greater prevalence of abuse. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited 355 women within 2-4 days after surgery for primary breast cancer; 104 had mastectomy alone and 29 opted for reconstruction. Using standardised questionnaires, women self-reported emotional distress and recollections of childhood sexual abuse. Self-report of distress was repeated 12 months later. RESULTS Women who had reconstruction were younger than those who did not. Controlling for this, they reported greater prevalence of abuse and more distress than those having mastectomy alone. They were also more depressed postoperatively, and this effect remained significant after controlling for abuse. CONCLUSIONS One interpretation of these findings is that history of abuse influences women's decisions about responding to the threat of mastectomy, but it is premature to draw inferences for practice until the findings are replicated. If they are replicated, it will be important to recognise increased vulnerability of some patients who choose reconstruction. Studying the characteristics and needs of women who opt for immediate reconstruction and examining the implications for women's adjustment should be a priority for research.

Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Disability History ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western View

Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.

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