Expanding the Happiness Paradox: Ethnoracial Disparities in Life Satisfaction Among Older Immigrants in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-255
Author(s):  
Rocío Calvo ◽  
Dawn C. Carr ◽  
Christina Matz-Costa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Happiness Paradox ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Lower Life Satisfaction

Objective: This study investigated nativity disparities in life satisfaction among ethnoracial groups of older adults in the United States and the factors associated with such disparities. Method: Cross-sectional data from 7,348 respondents aged 60 and older from the 2012/2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to estimate linear regression models. Results: Older immigrants experienced higher levels of life satisfaction than comparable native-born individuals. This “happiness advantage” was particularly salient for Hispanic immigrants, who reported the highest levels of life satisfaction of all groups included in the study. With increasing education, life satisfaction increased for White and “Other Race” groups, regardless of nativity. However, for both Black groups and native-born Hispanics, higher levels of education were associated with lower life satisfaction. Discussion: Findings suggest that the “happiness paradox” may not only be a matter of Hispanic ethnicity, but that it may also extend to immigrants from other ethnoracial backgrounds.

Another Paradox? The Life Satisfaction of Older Hispanic Immigrants in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Calvo ◽  
Dawn C. Carr ◽  
Christina Matz-Costa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hispanic Immigrants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Hispanic White

Objective: To investigate disparities in life satisfaction among older Hispanic immigrants in the United States relative to their native-born Hispanic and non-Hispanic White counterparts, and to identify factors associated with such disparities. Method: Cross-sectional data from 9,798 individuals age 60 and above from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to estimate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Results: Hispanic immigrants reported the highest levels of life satisfaction of all groups. Wealthier older adults, who were socially engaged, had social support, and experienced fewer functional limitations and lower exposure to discrimination, were more satisfied with their lives in the overall sample. Interaction effects revealed that although education was associated with greater life satisfaction only among non-Hispanic Whites, co-residing with children was associated with greater life satisfaction only among Hispanics. Discussion: Although older Hispanic immigrants had the least amount of socioeconomic resources of all groups in our study, they were the most satisfied with their lives. Possible explanations and directions for future research are discussed.

The High Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Correlates With Older Hmong Refugees in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 660-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai S. Yang ◽  
Jan E. Mutchler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Reported Health

Objective: We estimate depressive symptoms in a sample of older Hmong refugees in the United States, and investigate factors shaping risk of depression in this population. Method: Data were collected in California and Minnesota ( N = 127). The study sample included Hmong immigrants aged 55 and over. The measure of depression used is the Hopkins Symptom Checklist–10 (HSCL-10) inventory. Linear regression models were used to identify significant correlates of depressive symptoms. Results: More than 72% of the participants indicated being symptomatic of depression, as reflected by having a HSCL-10 score of 1.85 or higher. Self-reported health was a risk factor for depression. Protective factors from depression were larger household size and older age of arrival into the United States. Discussion: This study updated knowledge about the mental health status of Hmong refugees, who are now at later life. Our findings suggest that depression may be a lifelong experience in this high risk population.

scholarly journals Sleep Quality Among Informal Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 233372142110573
Author(s):  
Mary L. Greaney ◽  
Zachary J. Kunicki ◽  
Meghan M. Drohan ◽  
Caitlin C. Nash ◽  
Steven A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Sleep is an integral component of health. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality among informal caregivers, individuals who provide unpaid care or assistance to family members or friends, assisting older adults is not well understood. Therefore, informal caregivers in the United States providing care for individuals aged 50+ were recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, an online platform for enrolling study participants into social and behavioral science research, to complete an online survey. The sample of informal caregivers ( n = 835) was 69% male and 55% non-Hispanic. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to assess the associations between sleep disturbance scores (SDS) and sleep-related impairment scores (SIS) and caregiving-related measures (hours caregiving/week, length of time spent caregiving, and caregiver burden), demographics, and region of the United States. The analysis determined that Black (β = 2.6, 95% CI [−4.3, −0.9]) and Asian informal caregivers (β = −1.8, 95% CI [−3.4, −0.3]) had lower mean SIS than White caregivers, the referent group. In addition, increasing caregiver burden was associated with increased SDS (β = 0.8, 95% CI [0.6, 1.0]) and SIS (β = 1.3, 95% CI [0.7, 1.6]). In conclusion, higher caregiver burden was associated with higher SIS and SDS, suggesting that informal caregivers' sleep should be assessed, and when needed interventions should be offered.

Perceived neighbourhood safety and volunteerism among older adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Erin G. Grinshteyn ◽  
Judith A. Sugar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Previous research shows the benefits of volunteerism to individuals and communities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower perceived neighbourhood safety is associated with reduced volunteerism and whether this association differs by sex. Data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study in the United States of America were used (N = 13,009 adults 60 years and older). Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated to assess the association between perceived neighbourhood safety and volunteerism while controlling for potential confounders. Perceived neighbourhood safety was associated with volunteering. The odds of volunteering were higher for those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as excellent compared with those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as fair/poor. Those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as very good also had greater odds of volunteering than those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as fair/poor. Results differed somewhat by gender. Men who perceived their neighbourhood safety as excellent had increased odds of volunteering. The association of neighbourhood safety with volunteerism was significant for women rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as excellent or very good. Among men, being married was associated with increased odds of volunteering; being completely or partly retired was associated with increased odds of volunteering among women. Initiatives aimed at improving older adults’ perceptions of safety would help improve volunteerism, which is beneficial to both older adults and communities.

Fear of Immigration Enforcement Among Older Latino Immigrants in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 986-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Rodriguez ◽  
Cristian L. Paredes ◽  
Jacqueline Hagan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Immigrants ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Older Immigrants

Objective: The passage of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) and other subsequent restrictive immigration policies have created fear among Latino immigrants. This study examines whether fear of immigration enforcement is socially significant among older (50+ years) foreign-born Latino individuals in the United States without citizenship or permanent residence, and whether disapproval of immigrant enforcement policies is directly associated with fear of immigration enforcement among this older population. Method: Data used in the analysis come from 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2013 national Latino surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center. Cross-sectional regression models are used to estimate the probabilities of fearing immigration enforcement in the Latino samples, as well as to examine the association between disapproval and fear of immigration enforcement. Results: The study finds that the predicted probabilities of fearing immigration enforcement among foreign-born individuals aged 50 and over without citizenship or permanent residence are not negligible. Moreover, the study finds evidence of a direct association between the disapproval of enforcement measures and fear of immigration enforcement. Discussion: Restrictive immigration measures have implications for conditions of fear and other stressors affecting the well-being of older immigrants.

scholarly journals Serious Psychological Distress and Emergency Room Use among Adults with Multimorbidity in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Alhussain ◽  
Abdulkarim M. Meraya ◽  
Usha Sambamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Objectives. (1) To examine the association between serious psychological distress (SPD) and emergency room (ER) use in the past 12 months among adults with multimorbidity in the United States (US) and (2) to investigate the association between SPD and the reasons for ER use. Methods. The current study used a cross-sectional design with retrospective data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between SPD and ER use among adults with multimorbidity. Among ER users, adjusted logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between SPD and the reasons for the ER use. Results. After controlling for other variables, adults with multimorbidity and SPD were more likely to use ER than those with multimorbidity and no SPD (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.26, 2.04). Among ER users, there were no significant associations between SPD and the reasons for ER use after controlling for other variables. Conclusion. Adults with multimorbidity and SPD were more likely to use ER as compared to those with multimorbidity and no SPD. Among adults with multimorbidity, routine screening for SPD may be needed to reduce the ER use.

scholarly journals Association rules and regression linear model of the groundwater population by the evaluation of uranium

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 04017
Author(s):  
Iing Lukman ◽  
Natalina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The uranium available more on groundwater samples of certain types on the total alkalinity were relatively the same. But, the content of the uranium was higher in the samples. The multiple linear regression for pH as a dependent variable showed that the pH negatively correlated to the uranium, but the uranium was not significant for the linear regression model. The data of groundwater population from the samples of 127 with 12 variables of measurement of the Energy Department of the United States of America resulted in those association rules and linear regression models. The data has five factors of Producing horizon namely Ogallala Formation (TPO), Dockum Formation (TRD), Quartermaster Group (POQ), Whitehorse and Cloud Chief Group (PGWC), El Reno Group and Blaine Formation (PGEB). The step-wise linear regression for each of the five producing horizon codes was fitted to the data. Then, the regression models for each variable of producing horizon were obtained if pH was the dependent variable. If the Uranium was a dependent variable, then the regression models obtained were four only, with the model for PGEB was not able to be made. When pH as a dependent variable, it was depended upon Boron, Total alkalinity, and Bicarbonate.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hammond ◽  
Jessica L Reid ◽  
Vicki L Rynard ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us

Abstract Objective To examine differences in vaping and smoking prevalence among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States. Design Repeat cross sectional surveys. Setting Online surveys in Canada, England, and the US. Participants National samples of 16 to 19 year olds in 2017 and 2018, recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n=7891), England (n=7897), and the US (n=8140). Main outcome measures Prevalence of vaping and smoking was assessed for use ever, in the past 30 days, in the past week, and on 15 days or more in the past month. Use of JUUL (a nicotine salt based electronic cigarette with high nicotine concentration) and usual vaping brands were also assessed. Logistic regression models examined differences in vaping and smoking between countries and over time. Results The prevalence of vaping in the past 30 days, in the past week, and on 15 days or more in the past month increased in Canada and the US between 2017 and 2018 (P<0.001 for all), including among non-smokers and experimental smokers, with no changes in England. Smoking prevalence increased in Canada (P<0.001 for all measures), with modest increases in England, and no changes in the US. The percentage of ever vapers who reported more frequent vaping increased in Canada and the US (P<0.01 for all), but not in England. The use of JUUL increased in all countries, particularly the US and Canada—for example, the proportion of current vapers in the US citing JUUL as their usual brand increased threefold between 2017 and 2018. Conclusions Between 2017 and 2018, among 16 to 19 year olds the prevalence of vaping increased in Canada and the US, as did smoking in Canada, with little change in England. The rapidly evolving vaping market and emergence of nicotine salt based products warrant close monitoring.

scholarly journals Gender Norms and Relative Working Hours: Why Do Women Suffer More than Men from Working Longer Hours than Their Partners?

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Fleche ◽  
Anthony Lepinteur ◽  
Nattavudh Powdthavee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Labor ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Lower Life Satisfaction

Constraints that prevent women from working longer hours are argued to be important drivers of the gender wage gap in the United States. We provide evidence that in couples where the wife's working hours exceed the husband's, the wife reports lower life satisfaction. By contrast, there is no effect on the husband's satisfaction. The results still hold when controlling for relative income. We argue that these patterns are best explained by perceived fairness of the division of household labor, which induces an aversion to a situation where the wife works more at home and on the labor market.

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