Thermo-hydraulic assessment of non-Newtonian MWCNT nanofluid flows inside microchannels with different cross-sections

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110560
Author(s):  
AR Ramezan ◽  
A Ahmadpour ◽  
MR Hajmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Newtonian Viscosity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional

In the present study, the convective heat transfer of MWCNT/water nanofluid was investigated along microchannels with different cross-sectional geometries. This class of carbon-based nanofluid exhibited a notable non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, which made them suitable for different heat transfer applications. A two-phase mixture model with a well-tuned non-Newtonian viscosity function was adapted. The effects of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, Reynolds number, and the geometrical shape of the cross-section were examined on the pressure drop and heat transfer rate across various microchannels. The obtained results showed that the microchannel cross-section geometry had a significant effect on the thermal performance of MWCNT/water nanofluids under certain thermal conditions. Moreover, it was deduced that for all Reynolds numbers and nanoparticle volume fractions considered, the flattened geometry exhibited the most superior thermal performance, which is around 19.03% larger than the circle geometry at Re = 1000 and volume fraction of 2%.

Numerical investigation of the effect of water/Al2O3 nanofluid on heat transfer in trapezoidal, sinusoidal and stepped microchannels

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2439-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Jaferian ◽  
Davood Toghraie ◽  
Farzad Pourfattah ◽  
Omid Ali Akbari ◽  
Pouyan Talebizadehsardari
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is three-dimensional flow and heat transfer investigation of water/Al2O3 nanofluid inside a microchannel with different cross-sections in two-phase mode. Design/methodology/approach The effect of microchannel walls geometry (trapezoidal, sinusoidal and stepped microchannels) on flow characteristics and also changing circular cross section to trapezoidal cross section in laminar flow at Reynolds numbers of 50, 100, 300 and 600 were investigated. In this study, two-phase water/Al2O3 nanofluid is simulated by the mixture model, and the effect of volume fraction of nanoparticles on performance evaluation criterion (PEC) is studied. The accuracy of obtained results was compared with the experimental and numerical results of other similar papers. Findings Results show that in flow at lower Reynolds numbers, sinusoidal walls create a pressure drop in pure water flow which improves heat transfer to obtain PEC < 1. However, in sinusoidal and stepped microchannel with higher Reynolds numbers, PEC > 1. Results showed that the stepped microchannel had higher pressure drop, better thermal performance and higher PEC than other microchannels. Originality/value Review of previous studies showed that existing papers have not compared and investigated nanofluid in a two-phase mode in inhomogeneous circular, stepped and sinusoidal cross and trapezoidal cross-sections by considering the effect of changing channel shape, which is the aim of the present paper.

scholarly journals Re-Reflection Effect On Shock Waves in Two-Phase Flows through a Tube of Variable Cross-Section

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Kanti Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Particle Volume Fraction ◽  
Variable Cross Section ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Reflection Effect ◽  
Two Phase Flows ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional

In present paper Re-reflection  effect on  shock –waves in two-phase flows through a tube of variable cross-section is considered when particle  volume fraction appeared as an additional variable .It is concluded that re-reflected effects reduce the cross sectional  area .For two-phase flows when equilibrium is eventually established , presence of particle volume fraction , further reduce  the cross – sectional area. One dimensional area relation for a non – uniform , steady flow ahead of a shock   is obtained and concluded that  all the results are valid for the case   when  direction of the shock motion and the gas flow ahead of the  shock is same  .  In preparation of graphs Mathematica 7 is used .

Automated 3D measurement of fiber cross section morphology in handsheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lorbach ◽  
Ulrich Hirn ◽  
Johannes Kritzinger ◽  
Wolfgang Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Cross Section ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Cross Section Geometry

Abstract We present a method for 3D measurement of fiber cross sectional morphology from handsheets. An automated procedure is used to acquire 3D datasets of fiber cross sectional images using an automated microtome and light microscopy. The fiber cross section geometry is extracted using digital image analysis. Simple sample preparation and highly automated image acquisition and image analysis are providing an efficient tool to analyze large samples. It is demonstrated that if fibers are tilted towards the image plane the images of fiber cross sections are always larger than the true fiber cross section geometry. In our analysis the tilting angles of the fibers to the image plane are measured. The resulting fiber cross sectional images are distorted to compensate the error due to fiber tilt, restoring the true fiber cross sectional shape. We use an approximated correction, the paper provides error estimates of the approximation. Measurement results for fiber wall thickness, fiber coarseness and fiber collapse are presented for one hardwood and one softwood pulp.

scholarly journals Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger with Different Cross-Sections

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3255
Author(s):  
Aizhao Zhou ◽  
Xianwen Huang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Pengming Jiang ◽  
Xinwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Oval Tube

For reducing the initial GSHP investment, the heat transfer efficiency of the borehole heat exchange (BHE) system can be enhanced to reduce the number or depth of drilling. This paper proposes a novel and simple BHE design by changing the cross-sectional shape of the U-tube to increase the heat transfer efficiency of BHEs. Specifically, in this study, we (1) verified the reliability of the three-dimensional numerical model based on the thermal response test (TRT) and (2) compared the inlet and outlet temperatures of the different U-tubes at 48 h under the premise of constant leg distance and fluid area. Referent to the circular tube, the increases in the heat exchange efficiencies of the curved oval tube, flat oval tube, semicircle tube, and sector tube were 13.0%, 19.1%, 9.4%, and 14.8%, respectively. (3) The heat flux heterogeneity of the tubes on the inlet and outlet sides of the BHE, in decreasing order, is flat oval, semicircle, curved oval, sector, and circle shapes. (4) The temperature heterogeneity of the borehole wall in the BHE in decreasing order is circle, sector, curved oval, flat oval, and semicircle shapes. (5) Under the premise of maximum leg distance, referent to the heat resistance of the tube with a circle shape at 48 h, the heat exchange efficiency of the curved oval, flat oval, semicircle, and sector tubes increased 12.6%, 17.7%, 10.3%, and 7.8%, respectively. (6) We found that the adjustments of the leg distance and the tube shape affect the heat resistance by about 25% and 12%, respectively. (7) The flat-oval-shaped tube at the maximum leg distance was found to be the best tube design for BHEs.

scholarly journals Effect of liquid cooling on PCR performance with the parametric study of cross-section shapes of microchannels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Alihosseini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Azaddel ◽  
Sahel Moslemi ◽  
Mehdi Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Pormohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Microchannel Heat Sink ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer

AbstractIn recent years, PCR-based methods as a rapid and high accurate technique in the industry and medical fields have been expanded rapidly. Where we are faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of a rapid diagnosis has felt more than ever. In the current interdisciplinary study, we have proposed, developed, and characterized a state-of-the-art liquid cooling design to accelerate the PCR procedure. A numerical simulation approach is utilized to evaluate 15 different cross-sections of the microchannel heat sink and select the best shape to achieve this goal. Also, crucial heat sink parameters are characterized, e.g., heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, performance evaluation criteria, and fluid flow. The achieved result showed that the circular cross-section is the most efficient shape for the microchannel heat sink, which has a maximum heat transfer enhancement of 25% compared to the square shape at the Reynolds number of 1150. In the next phase of the study, the circular cross-section microchannel is located below the PCR device to evaluate the cooling rate of the PCR. Also, the results demonstrate that it takes 16.5 s to cool saliva samples in the PCR well, which saves up to 157.5 s for the whole amplification procedure compared to the conventional air fans. Another advantage of using the microchannel heat sink is that it takes up a little space compared to other common cooling methods.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Plate boundary trench retreat and dextral shear drive intracontinental fault-slip histories: Neogene dextral faulting across the Gabbs Valley and Gillis Ranges, Central Walker Lane, Nevada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lee ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walker Lane ◽  
Dextral Shear ◽  
The Cross

<div>Figure 6. Interpretative cross sections illustrating the cross-sectional geometry of several paleovalleys. See Figure 3 for location of all cross sections and Figure 8 for location of cross section CCʹ. Cross sections AAʹ and BBʹ are plotted at the same scale, and cross section CCʹ is plotted at a smaller scale. Figure 6 is intended to be viewed at a width of 45.1 cm.</div>

scholarly journals Load bearing capacity of thin-walled rectangular and I-shaped steel sections of short both empty and concrete-filled columns

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Amor Bouaricha ◽  
Naoual Handel ◽  
Aziza Boutouta ◽  
Sarah Djouimaa
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Columns ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Specimen Height ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Thin Walled

In this experimental work, strength results obtained on short columns subjected to concentric loads are presented. The specimens used in the tests have made of cold-rolled, thin-walled steel. Twenty short columns of the same cross-section area and wall thickness have been tested as follows: 8 empty and 12 filled with ordinary concrete. In the aim to determine the column section geometry with the highest resistance, three different types of cross-sections have been compared: rectangular, I-shaped unreinforced and, reinforced with 100 mm spaced transversal links. The parameters studied are the specimen height and the cross-sectional steel geometry. The registered experimental results have been compared to the ultimate loads intended by Eurocode 3 for empty columns and by Eurocode 4 for compound columns. These results showed that a concrete-filled composite column had improved strength compared to the empty case. Among the three cross-section types, it has been found that I-section reinforced is the most resistant than the other two sections. Moreover, the load capacity and mode of failure have been influenced by the height of the column. Also, it had noted that the experimental strengths of the tested columns don’t agree well with the EC3 and EC4 results.

A shear center demonstration model using 3D-printing

2021 ◽  
pp. 030641902110574
Author(s):  
Lawrence N Virgin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Shear Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thin Walls ◽  
Section Profile

Locating the shear, or flexural, center of non-symmetric cross-sectional beams is a key element in the teaching of structural mechanics. That is, establishing the point on the plane of the cross-section where an applied load, generating a bending moment about a principal axis, results in uni-directional deflection, and no twisting. For example, in aerospace structures it is particularly important to assess the propensity of an airfoil section profile to resist bending and torsion under the action of aerodynamic forces. Cross-sections made of thin-walls, whether of open or closed form are of special practical importance and form the basis of the material in this paper. The advent of 3D-printing allows the development of tactile demonstration models based on non-trivial geometry and direct observation.

Direct simulation of thermally and mechanically coupled particle-laden flow

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972110551
Author(s):  
Laurie A Florio
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solid Body ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Property Variation

This work describes a unique technique to simulate continuously and directly coupled fluid flow and moving particles including both mechanical and thermal interactions between the flow, particles, and flow paths. The particles/flow paths are discretized within a computational fluid dynamics flow domain so that the local flow and temperature field conditions surrounding each particle or other solid body are known along with the local temperature distribution within the particle and other solids. Contact conduction between solid bodies including contact resistance, conjugate heat transfer at the fluid–solid interfaces, and even radiation exchanges between solid surfaces and between solid surfaces and the fluid are incorporated in the thermal interactions and a soft collision model simulates the solid body mechanical contact. The ability to capture these local flow and thermal effects removes reliance on correlations for fluid forces and for heat transfer coefficients/exchange and removes restrictions on the flow regime and particle size and volume fraction considered. Larger particle sizes and higher particle concentration conditions can be studied with local effects captured. The method was tested for a range of particle thermal and mechanical properties, driving pressures, and for limited radiation parameters. The results reveal important information about the basic thermal and flow phenomena that cannot be obtained in standard modeling methods and demonstrate the utility of the modeling method. The technique can be applied to examine phenomena dependent on local thermal conditions such as chemical reactions, material property variation, agglomerate formation, and phase change. The methods can also be used as a basis for machine learning algorithm development for flows with large particle counts so that more detailed phenomena can be considered compared to those provided by standard techniques with reduced computational costs compared to those with fully resolved particles in the flow.

Numerical Simulating Open-Channel Flows with Regular and Irregular Cross-Section Shapes Based on Finite Volume Godunov-Type Scheme

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050047
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Xin ◽  
Fengpeng Bai ◽  
Kefeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Volume ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Arbitrary Cross Section ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shallow Flows ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Saint Venant Equations

A numerical model based on the Saint-Venant equations (one-dimensional shallow water equations) is proposed to simulate shallow flows in an open channel with regular and irregular cross-section shapes. The Saint-Venant equations are solved by the finite-volume method based on Godunov-type framework with a modified Harten, Lax, and van Leer (HLL) approximate Riemann solver. Cross-sectional area is replaced by water surface level as one of primitive variables. Two numerical integral algorithms, compound trapezoidal and Gauss–Legendre integrations, are used to compute the hydrostatic pressure thrust term for natural streams with arbitrary and irregular cross-sections. The Monotonic Upstream-Centered Scheme for Conservation Laws (MUSCL) and second-order Runge–Kutta methods is adopted to achieve second-order accuracy in space and time, respectively. The performance of the resulting scheme is evaluated by application in rectangular channels, trapezoidal channels, and a natural mountain river. The results are compared with analytical solutions and experimental or measured data. It is demonstrated that the numerical scheme can simulate shallow flows with arbitrary cross-section shapes in practical conditions.

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