Experimental Investigation on Aquatic Waste Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) Plant into Natural Fibre Polymer Composite – Biological Waste into Commercial Product

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110723
Author(s):  
A. Ajithram ◽  
J. T. Winowlin Jappes ◽  
I. Siva ◽  
N. C. Brintha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Composite Samples

Present work dealt with evaluating the aquatic wastewater hyacinth plant long fibre reinforced withepoxy polymer composite mechanical strength, absorption, characterization, thermal degradation and stability, surface morphology studies. This research work water hyacinth long fibre is used as a reinforcement material and epoxy polymer matrix material is used as a matrix phase material. By utilizing the compression moulding hot press machine the different weight percentages (20, 25, 30, and 35%) of the hyacinth composite samples areproduced.Converting the biological waste into zero waste and useful product concept is achieved in this research. In this work hyacinth, long fibre is extracted with a new novel mechanical way (fabricated machine) of the extraction process. Hyacinth long fibre composite tensile strength (mechanical strength) is varied from 36.42 to 44.62MPa, flexural strength varied from 47.86 to 59.684MPa, and impact strength varied from 0.5 to 3.5J. After the 8th hour of monitoring the composite samples are attained constant values on both water and chemical absorption studies. By utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method the essential functional groups present in the hyacinth composites are identified. Based on the final experiment results the hyacinth fibre composite is highly recommended to the usage of profit oriented products.

scholarly journals Studies on Dry Sliding Wear and Solid Particle Erosive Wear Behaviours of Natural Fibre Composite Developed from Water Hyacinth Aquatic Plant for Automotive Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. Ajithram ◽  
Jappes J. T. Winowlin ◽  
Khan M. Adam ◽  
N. C. Brintha ◽  
Faris Waleed Fekry
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Natural Fibre Composite

In this research, an attempt is made to investigate the abrasive and erosion wear resistance of aquatic waste plant water hyacinth converted fibre-reinforced polymer composites. From a novel approach, the new fibre extraction machine is designed to extract the hyacinth fibre from the parent plant and reinforce it to the epoxy matrix material to produce a natural fibre composite for frictional applications. The extracted fibre is dried in the open sunlight area for 22 to 35 days to remove moisture and external dust particles. Then, different weight percentages (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35) of composite samples are produced with the help of the hot press compression moulding technique. Improved hyacinth composite tribology properties are tested by utilizing the pin on the disk machine. This setup included various processing parameters like load (10, 20, and 30 N), velocities (1, 2, and 3 m/s), speed (160, 320, and 479 rpm), and constant sliding distance condition, and the erosion setup also influences the essential parameters like impact angle (30, 45, and 60°), erodent velocity (1, 2.5, and 3.3 m/s), and discharge rate (28, 41, and 72 g/m). The factorial techniques are used to identify the important design factors. The final results represent the weight loss, volume loss, and erosion rate of hyacinth fibre composite. By utilizing the SEM (scanning electron microscope), the worn surface morphology of different weight percentages of hyacinth fibre samples are analysed. To upgrade the usage of hyacinth reinforced composites for different industrial applications, wear and erosion studies are conducted with different parameter conditions.

Egg shell powder extraction and its application for water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) natural fibre polymer composite mechanical, thermal behaviour and characterization analysis: Aquatic waste into sustainable product

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110644
Author(s):  
Ajithram Arivendan ◽  
Winowlin Jappes Jebas Thangiah ◽  
Siva Irulappasamy ◽  
Brintha Chris
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Epoxy Resin Matrix ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Composite Samples

The goal of this study is to investigate the morphological and mechanical characteristics of water hyacinth plant fibre polymer composites using the aquatic waste of water hyacinth plant fibre as a reinforcement material. Our main objective has been to make successive sustainable products for commercial and household use using aquatic waste plants. As a filler material, the eggshell powder is used here, which is derived naturally. The composite sample's mechanical properties are increased by this process. A novel way of extracting fibre from hyacinth is used in this study by fabricating a mechanical fibre extraction machine of our own design. The main aim of this work is to convert the biological waste of water hyacinth plants into successful commercial products. Using compression moulding techniques, fibre reinforced polymer composites are produced from water hyacinth plant extracts. ASTM standards are followed for the evaluation of manufactured samples, mechanical tests, and absorption tests. Utilizing TGA analysis, it is possible to identify the maximum withstand and degrading temperatures of composite samples. In order to determine whether FTIR can reveal chemical functional groups and percentage crystallinity, XRD is used as well. The scanning electron microscope is used to locate fibre clusters and brittle fractures in composite samples. With the help of an epoxy resin matrix, the fibres from water hyacinth can be used to make particleboard and other lightweight materials. By the end of this study, it should be able to demonstrate that water hyacinth plant fibres are suitable for use as reinforcement for an epoxy resin matrix.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Biodegradation Behaviour of Jute/ Polylactic Acid Green Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Jai Inder Preet Singh ◽  
Sehijpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Soil Burial

Global warming, diminution of fossil fuels, escalating oil price’s are the major reasons which forces the researchers to develop green products for the sustainable development. In this research work, green composites have been developed with jute fibers as reinforcement and poly lactic acid as matrix material using compression moulding technique. All composites were developed with maintaining the reinforcement as 30% fiber volume fraction. The influence of curing temperature with the range of 160°C, 170°C and 180°C was investigated for various mechanical properties of developed composites and degradation behaviour of developed composites were analysed using soil burial test. Results acquired from the tests specify that the tensile and flexural strength decreases with upsurge in curing temperature. Morphology study using scanning electron microscopy is further justified the findings obtained from mechanical tests. Biodegradation study was done on the all the three different composites under the soil burial conditions for 9 months and results indicate that composites developed at 160°C degrade faster as compared to others. This study also gives an optimum curing temperature for the development of jute/PLA composites.

scholarly journals Nanoporous Alumina Membranes for Sugar Industry: An Investigation of Sintering Parameters Influence onUltrafiltration Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7593
Author(s):  
Farooq Khan Niazi ◽  
Malik Adeel Umer ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Hafeez ◽  
Zafar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Alumina Membrane ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Nanoporous Alumina ◽  
Alumina Membranes

Ultrafiltration membranes offer a progressive and efficient means to filter out various process fluids. The prime factor influencing ultrafiltration to a great extent is the porosity of the membranes employed. Regarding membrane development, alumina membranes are extensively studied due to their uniform porosity and mechanical strength. The present research work is specifically aimed towards the investigation of nanoporous alumina membranes, as a function of sintering parameters, on ultrafiltration performance. Alumina membranes are fabricated by sintering at various temperatures ranging from 1200–1300 °C for different holding times between 5–15 h. The morphological analysis, conducted using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed a homogeneous distribution of pores throughout the surface and cross-section of the membranes developed. It was observed that an increase in the sintering temperature and time resulted in a gradual decrease in the average pore size. A sample with an optimal pore size of 73.65 nm achieved after sintering at 1250 °C for 15 h, was used for the evaluation of ultrafiltration performance. However, the best mechanical strength and highest stress-bearing ability were exhibited by the sample sintered at 1300 °C for 5 h, whereas the sample sintered at 1250 °C for 5 h displayed the highest strain in terms of compression. The selected alumina membrane sample demonstrated excellent performance in the ultrafiltration of sugarcane juice, compared to the other process liquids.

scholarly journals Cotton Wastes Functionalized Biomaterials from Micro to Nano: A Cleaner Approach for a Sustainable Environmental Application

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Samsul Rizal ◽  
Abdul Khalil H. P. H. P. S. ◽  
A. A. Oyekanmi ◽  
Niyi G. Olaiya ◽  
C. K. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Isolation Technique ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Combined Pretreatment

The exponential increase in textile cotton wastes generation and the ineffective processing mechanism to mitigate its environmental impact by developing functional materials with unique properties for geotechnical applications, wastewater, packaging, and biomedical engineering have become emerging global concerns among researchers. A comprehensive study of a processed cotton fibres isolation technique and their applications are highlighted in this review. Surface modification of cotton wastes fibre increases the adsorption of dyes and heavy metals removal from wastewater. Cotton wastes fibres have demonstrated high adsorption capacity for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater. Cotton wastes fibres have found remarkable application in slope amendments, reinforcement of expansive soils and building materials, and a proven source for isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Several research work on the use of cotton waste for functional application rather than disposal has been done. However, no review study has discussed the potentials of cotton wastes from source (Micro-Nano) to application. This review critically analyses novel isolation techniques of CNC from cotton wastes with an in-depth study of a parameter variation effect on their yield. Different pretreatment techniques and efficiency were discussed. From the analysis, chemical pretreatment is considered the most efficient extraction of CNCs from cotton wastes. The pretreatment strategies can suffer variation in process conditions, resulting in distortion in the extracted cellulose’s crystallinity. Acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid is the most used extraction process for cotton wastes-based CNC. A combined pretreatment process, such as sonication and hydrolysis, increases the crystallinity of cotton-based CNCs. The improvement of the reinforced matrix interface of textile fibres is required for improved packaging and biomedical applications for the sustainability of cotton-based CNCs.

Active thermography as a tool for internal composite structure observation and evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Majewska ◽  
Magdalena Mieloszyk ◽  
Wieslaw Ostachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Pulsed Thermography ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Structure Observation ◽  
Material Discontinuities ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Composite Samples

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study if it is possible applying infrared thermography (both vibro and pulsed) to detect and localise material discontinuities as well as to find the place where the inclusion was introduced. Design/methodology/approach The experimental investigation is performed on samples manufactured during infusion process. The measurements were performed on three four-layered rectangular composite samples with discontinuities. The discontinuities introduced in the samples were as follow: all three samples between first and second layer counting form the bottom two optical fibres (OFs) were embedded and additionally: sample no. 1 – one of the OF was broken, sample no. 2 – the drop of water was introduced, and sample no. 3 – the little amount of dust was introduced. Findings For some discontinuities, the vibrothermography is excellent tool (placement of broken OF, drop of water), for same is not sufficient (healthy OFs or dust). For dust, the pulsed thermography seems to be the required tool. Different approaches (vibrothermography and pulsed thermography) for the same sample will confirm that for same defects vibrothermograpy is better and for some pulsed thermography – complex combination of different thermography approaches is needed to have complex response about sample structural condition. Originality/value The presented paper is an original research work. There are very limited literature papers applying both vibro and pulsed thermography for one problem. The assessment of different discontinuities (inclusions) and detailed analysis is presented.

scholarly journals Functional Application for the Corn Leaf Fibre to Make Reinforced Polymer Composites Sheet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramratan Guru ◽  
Anupam Kumar ◽  
Rohit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Composite Product

This research work has mainly utilized agricultural waste material to make a good-quality composite sheet product of the profitable, pollution free, economical better for farmer and industries. In this study, from corn leaf fibre to reinforced epoxy composite product has been utilized with minimum 35 to maximum range 55% but according to earlier studies, pulp composite material was used in minimum 10 to maximum 27%. Natural fibre-based composites are under intensive study due to their light weight, eco-friendly nature and unique properties. Due to the continuous supply, easy of handling, safety and biodegradability, natural fibre is considered as better alternative in replacing many structural and non-structural components. Corn leaf fibre pulp can be new source of raw material to the industries and can be potential replacement for the expensive and non-renewable synthetic fibre. Corn leaf fibre as the filler material and epoxy as the matrix material were used by changing reinforcement weight fraction. Composites were prepared using hand lay-up techniques by maintaining constant fibre and matrix volume fraction. The sample of the composites thus fabricated was subjected to tensile, impact test for finding the effect of corn husk in different concentrations.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF NATURAL FIBER TREATMENT AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT ON CANNABIS SATIVA/EPOXY LAMINATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
K N CHETHAN ◽  
Sharun Hegde ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Padmaraj N H
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Untreated Fiber

Materials have helped in evolving technology to a great extent. Composites have replaced conventional metals/non-metals because of their lightweight. Natural Fibres have been need of the hour owing to environmental concerns and ease of availability. In this work, Cannabis Sativa fibers were treated with 5% Potassium Hydroxide solution. The laminates were prepared by the Compression Moulding technique by reinforcing treated and untreated fibers with an epoxy matrix material. To access the durability of natural fiber composites in the marine environment, prepared laminates were aged in seawater for 150 days. Tensile, flexural and moisture absorption behavior tests have been performed to estimate the durability in seawater. The data obtained have been compared with pristine treated and untreated fiber reinforced samples. From the results, it has been observed that tensile and flexural behavior of untreated fiber reinforced composites were superior to a treated counterpart in both pristine and aged conditions.

scholarly journals A STRATEGY FOR DETERMINING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RICE STRAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 983-991
Author(s):  
MAHESHANI P. A. NANAYAKKARA ◽  
WALAGEDARA G.A. PABASARA ◽  
ADIKARI M.P.B. SAMARASEKARA ◽  
DON A.S. AMARASINGHE ◽  
LALEEN KARUNANAYAKE
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Wet Chemical

As rice is the staple food of most Asian countries, rice straw has become one of the largest agricultural wastes in Asia. It has not been subjected to adequate value additions yet. However, it has excellent potential to be converted to valuable materials, as it contains a significant amount of cellulose. Therefore, it would be beneficial in many ways to identify the cellulose yields of straws of different rice varieties. In general, the cellulose content of biomass is determined by wet chemical methods. Though these methods are accurate, they are not convenient to use under industrial conditions. This research work focuses on investigating the potential of thermal analysis as an alternative way to predict cellulose yields. For the study, rice straws of most frequently cultivated traditional Sri Lankan rice varieties: Suwandel and Raththal, as well as technically modified Sri Lankan rice varieties: BG300 and BG352, were selected. The results obtained by the proposed method were validated by an established three-step chemical extraction process.

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