Morphing wing optimization for steady level flight

2016 â—½  
Vol 231 (13) â—½  
pp. 2317-2330 â—½  
Author(s):  
Durmuş S Körpe â—½  
Serkan Özgen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Design Tool â—½  
Geometric Constraints â—½  
Morphing Wing â—½  
Empirical Formulas â—½  
Reduced Gradient Method â—½  
Level Flight â—½  
Design Variables â—½  
Steady Level â—½  
Dimensional Boundary

This paper presents the basic results of the morphing wing planform optimization of an experimental unmanned air vehicle for minimum drag at steady level flight. The aerodynamic design tool that consists of the three-dimensional panel method, two-dimensional boundary layer solution and generalized reduced gradient method-based optimization is appropriate for fixed wing and morphing wing conceptual and preliminary design. The morphing concept is implemented into the solution with the geometric constraints of the wing planform and the airfoil shape design variables. The drag that is created by other components of the aircraft is calculated according to empirical formulas. Wing drag and aircraft drag comparisons between baseline wing (BASE), optimum fixed wing and morphing wing are discussed with the obtained planform and airfoil shapes.

scholarly journals Design, Optimization and Analysis of Supersonic Radial Turbines

2019 â—½  
Author(s):  
Lukas Benjamin Inhestern â—½  
James Braun â—½  
Guillermo Paniagua â—½  
José Ramón Serrano Cruz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance â—½  
Ad Hoc â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Critical Factor â—½  
Design Tool â—½  
Navier Stokes â—½  
Design Parameters â—½  
Design Variables â—½  
Compact Design â—½  
Radial Outflow

Abstract New compact engine architectures such as pressure gain combustion require ad-hoc turbomachinery to ensure an adequate range of operation with high performance. A critical factor for supersonic turbines is to ensure the starting of the flow passages, which limits the flow turning and airfoil thickness. Radial outflow turbines inherently increase the cross section along the flow path, which holds great potential for high turning of supersonic flow with a low stage number and guarantees a compact design. First the preliminary design space is described. Afterwards a differential evolution multi-objective optimization with 12 geometrical design parameters is deducted. With the design tool AutoBlade 10.1, 768 geometries were generated and hub, shroud, and blade camber line were designed by means of Bezier curves. Outlet radius, passage height, and axial location of the outlet were design variables as well. Structured meshes with around 3.7 million cells per passage were generated. Steady three dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations, enclosed by the k-omega SST turbulence model were solved by the commercial solver CFD++. The geometry was optimized towards low entropy and high power output. To prove the functionality of the new turbine concept and optimization, a full wheel unsteady RANS simulation of the optimized geometry exposed to a nozzled rotating detonation combustor (RDC) has been performed and the advantageous flow patterns of the optimization were also observed during transient operation.

Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing Considering Layer-Based Minimum Feature Sizes

2017 â—½  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Osanov â—½  
James K. Guest
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization â—½  
Additive Manufacturing â—½  
Manufacturing Process â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Design Tool â—½  
Geometric Constraints â—½  
Layer By Layer â—½  
Simple Modification â—½  
Complex Structural â—½  
Manufacturing Technologies

The rapid advance of additive manufacturing technologies has provided new opportunities for creating complex structural shapes. In order to fully exploit these opportunities, however, engineers must re-think the design process and leverage these new capabilities while respecting manufacturing constraints inherent in various processes. Topology optimization, as a free-from design tool, is a potentially powerful approach to addressing this design challenge provided the manufacturing process is properly accounted for. This work examines geometric constraints related to feature size and the layer-by-layer nature of the manufacturing process. A simple modification to the Heaviside Projection Method, an approach for naturally achieving geometric constraints in topology optimization, is proposed and demonstrated to have clear, understandable impact on three-dimensional optimized beam designs.

scholarly journals Design, Optimization, and Analysis of Supersonic Radial Turbines

10.1115/1.4044972 â—½  
2020 â—½  
Vol 142 (3) â—½  
Author(s):  
Lukas Benjamin Inhestern â—½  
James Braun â—½  
Guillermo Paniagua â—½  
José Ramón Serrano Cruz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance â—½  
Ad Hoc â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Critical Factor â—½  
Design Tool â—½  
Navier Stokes â—½  
Design Parameters â—½  
Design Variables â—½  
Compact Design â—½  
Radial Outflow

Abstract New compact engine architectures such as pressure gain combustion require ad hoc turbomachinery to ensure an adequate range of operation with high performance. A critical factor for supersonic turbines is to ensure the starting of the flow passages, which limits the flow turning and airfoil thickness. Radial outflow turbines inherently increase the cross section along the flow path, which holds great potential for high turning of supersonic flow with a low stage number and guarantees a compact design. First, the preliminary design space is described. Afterward a differential evolution multi-objective optimization with 12 geometrical design parameters is deducted. With the design tool autoblade 10.1, 768 geometries were generated and hub, shroud, and blade camber line were designed by means of Bezier curves. Outlet radius, passage height, and axial location of the outlet were design variables as well. Structured meshes with around 3.7 × 106 cells per passage were generated. Steady three-dimensional (3D) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, enclosed by the k-omega shear stress transport turbulence model were solved by the commercial solver CFD++. The geometry was optimized toward low entropy and high-power output. To prove the functionality of the new turbine concept and optimization, a full wheel unsteady RANS simulation of the optimized geometry exposed to a nozzled rotating detonation combustor (RDC) has been performed and the advantageous flow patterns of the optimization were also observed during transient operation.

scholarly journals Optimizing Design With Extensive Simulation Data: A Case Study of Designing a Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy Tool

10.1115/1.4040043 â—½  
2018 â—½  
Vol 12 (2) â—½  
Author(s):  
Chi-Lun Lin â—½  
Dane Coffey â—½  
Daniel Keefe â—½  
Arthur Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Design Space â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Visual Display â—½  
Tissue Reaction â—½  
Design Tool â—½  
Inverse Design â—½  
Virtual Design â—½  
User Input â—½  
Design Variables â—½  
Output Field

Design by Dragging (DBD) [1] is a virtual design tool, which displays three-dimensional (3D) visualizations of many simulation results obtained by sampling a large design space and ties this visual display together with a new user interface. The design space is explored through mouse-based interactions performed directly on top of the 3D data visualizations. Our previous study [1] introduced the realization of DBD with a simplistic example of biopsy needle design under a static bending force. This paper considers a realistic problem of designing a vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) needle that brings in more technical challenges to include dynamic tissue reaction forces, nonlinear tissue deformation, and progressive tissue damage in an integrated visualization with design suggestions. The emphasis is placed on the inverse design strategy in DBD, which involves clicking directly on a stress (or other output field parameter) contour and dragging it to a new (usually preferable) position on the contour. Subsequently, the software computes the best fit for the design variables for generating a new output stress field based on the user input. Three cases demonstrated how the inverse design can assist users in intuitively and interactively approaching desired design solutions. This paper illustrates how virtual prototyping may be used to replace (or reduce reliance on) purely experimental trial-and-error methods for achieving optimal designs.

Finite Element Modeling for Steel Cord Analysis in Radial Tires

2013 â—½  
Vol 41 (1) â—½  
pp. 60-79 â—½  
Author(s):  
Wei Yintao â—½  
Luo Yiwen â—½  
Miao Yiming â—½  
Chai Delong â—½  
Feng Xijin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element â—½  
High Efficiency â—½  
Force Measurement â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Local Stress â—½  
Tension Force â—½  
Center Line â—½  
Element Analysis â—½  
Design Variables â—½  
Steel Cord

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on steel cord deformation and force investigation within heavy-duty radial tires. Typical bending deformation and tension force distributions of steel reinforcement within a truck bus radial (TBR) tire have been obtained, and they provide useful input for the local scale modeling of the steel cord. The three-dimensional carpet plots of the cord force distribution within a TBR tire are presented. The carcass-bending curvature is derived from the deformation of the carcass center line. A high-efficiency modeling approach for layered multistrand cord structures has been developed that uses cord design variables such as lay angle, lay length, and radius of the strand center line as input. Several types of steel cord have been modeled using the developed method as an example. The pure tension for two cords and the combined tension bending under various loading conditions relevant to tire deformation have been simulated by a finite element analysis (FEA). Good agreement has been found between experimental and FEA-determined tension force-displacement curves, and the characteristic structural and plastic deformation phases have been revealed by the FE simulation. Furthermore, some interesting local stress and deformation patterns under combined tension and bending are found that have not been previously reported. In addition, an experimental cord force measurement approach is included in this article.

Transition prediction for three-dimensional boundary layers in computational fluid dynamics applications

AIAA Journal â—½  
10.2514/3.15228 â—½  
2002 â—½  
Vol 40 â—½  
pp. 1536-1541
Author(s):  
J. D. Crouch â—½  
I. W. M. Crouch â—½  
L. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics â—½  
Computational Fluid Dynamics â—½  
Boundary Layers â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Transition Prediction â—½  
Dimensional Boundary

On the application of a three-dimensional boundary integral method to compute distortion of magnetic drops

10.22364/mhd.44.1.7 â—½  
2008 â—½  
Vol 44 (1) â—½  
pp. 45-50 â—½  
Author(s):  
H. L. G. Couto â—½  
T. F. Oliveira â—½  
F. R. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Integral Method â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Boundary Integral â—½  
Boundary Integral Method â—½  
Dimensional Boundary

scholarly journals Bootstrapping boundary-localized interactions

2020 â—½  
Vol 2020 (12) â—½  
Author(s):  
Connor Behan â—½  
Lorenzo Di Pietro â—½  
Edoardo Lauria â—½  
Balt C. van Rees
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition â—½  
Scalar Field â—½  
Boundary Conditions â—½  
Parameter Space â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Conformal Boundary â—½  
Dimensional Boundary â—½  
Dirichlet And Neumann Conditions â—½  
Boundary Fields â—½  
Boundary Dynamics

Abstract We study conformal boundary conditions for the theory of a single real scalar to investigate whether the known Dirichlet and Neumann conditions are the only possibilities. For this free bulk theory there are strong restrictions on the possible boundary dynamics. In particular, we find that the bulk-to-boundary operator expansion of the bulk field involves at most a ‘shadow pair’ of boundary fields, irrespective of the conformal boundary condition. We numerically analyze the four-point crossing equations for this shadow pair in the case of a three-dimensional boundary (so a four-dimensional scalar field) and find that large ranges of parameter space are excluded. However a ‘kink’ in the numerical bounds obeys all our consistency checks and might be an indication of a new conformal boundary condition.

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