scholarly journals How does community-managed infrastructure scale up from rural to urban? An example of co-production in community water projects in Northern Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 095624782110348
Author(s):  
Matt Birkinshaw ◽  
Anna Grieser ◽  
Jeff Tan
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Community Based ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

This paper examines the role of participation, co-production and community management in a random sample of 50 rural and urban water systems under the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASEP) in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It looks at the role of an NGO (the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat) in co-production, and how this model of community-based water management (CBWM) contributes to the discussion in the literature. Specifically, the paper considers whether the largely rural WASEP model can be successfully scaled up and scaled out to urban centres, drawing on evidence from a survey of over 2,500 rural and urban households. The findings illustrate the importance of participation in the successful delivery of water systems. However, higher levels of rural participation are related to specifically rural features, including the smaller size and more limited diversity of communities. The paper concludes that new methods may be required for the transfer of CBWM to urban centres with much larger, more diverse and growing populations.

scholarly journals Sweating the assets – The role of instrumentation, control and automation in urban water systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Yuan ◽  
Gustaf Olsson ◽  
Rachel Cardell-Oliver ◽  
Kim van Schagen ◽  
Angela Marchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Systems

scholarly journals Using social networks to scale up and sustain community-based programmes to improve physical activity and diet in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e053586
Author(s):  
Nina Abrahams ◽  
Estelle V Lambert ◽  
Frederick Marais ◽  
Zoi Toumpakari ◽  
Charlie Foster
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThe World Health Organisation endorses community-based programmes as a cost-effective, feasible and a ‘best buy’ in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These programmes are particularly successful when the community actively participates in its design, implementation and evaluation. However, they may be only useful insofar as they can be scaled up and sustained in some meaningful way. Social network research may serve as an important tool for determining the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this process. The aim of this planned scoping review is to map and collate literature on the role of social networks in scaling-up and sustaining community-based physical activity and diet programmes in low-income and middle-income countries.Methods and analysisThis scoping review protocol has been planned around the Arksey and O'Malley framework and its enhancement. Inclusion criteria are peer-reviewed articles and grey literature exploring the role of social networks in the scale-up and/or sustainability of NCD prevention community-based programmes in adult populations. Studies must have been published since 2000, in English, and be based in a low-income or middle-income country. The following databases will be used for this review: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SocIndex, the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Google and Google Scholar. Books, conference abstracts and research focused only on children will be excluded. Two reviewers will independently select and extract eligible studies. Included publications will be thematically analysed using the Framework Approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be sought for this review as no individual-level data or human participants will be involved. This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KG7TX). The findings from the review will be published in an accredited journal. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist will be used to support transparency and guide translation of the review.

Fisheries Co-management and Fishers’ Income in Inland Openwater Fisheries in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
G. M. Shamsul Kabir ◽  
Golam. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Community management of inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh has introduced and practiced through the Community Based Fisheries Management (cbfm) approach with partnership arrangement of government and non-government organisations, fisher communities and other stakeholders. One of the principles behind community based fisheries management is to improve fishers’ income and reduce transaction costs efficiently. The implementation of the cbfm approach has experienced a significant contribution towards fishers’ income and transaction costs. cbfm arrangement introduced fisher led, community led and women led approach. Community based organisations (cbo s) as local institutions have been established through community participation under cbfm approach. This paper presents and assesses the impact of cbfm approaches on fishers’ income and transaction costs in inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh. This study might have policy implication to scale up cbfm approach to promote fishers’ income for better management of inland open water fisheries with a long term commitment.

Sustainable urban water systems in rich and poor cities - steps towards a new approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Community Based ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The 19Th Century

The ‘big pipes in, big pipes out’ approach to urban water management was developed in the 19th century for a particular linear urban form. Large, sprawling car-dependent cities are pushing this approach to new limits in rich cities and it has never worked in poor cities. An alternative which uses new small-scale technology and is more community-based, is suggested for both rich and poor countries. The Sydney Olympics and a demonstration project in Java show that the approach can work.

Role of decentralised systems in the transition of urban water systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Sharma ◽  
Stewart Burn ◽  
Ted Gardner ◽  
Alan Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Decentralized Systems ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Decentralised Systems ◽  
Urban Water Systems

Provision of conventional centralised water, wastewater and stormwater systems for urban municipal services has been common practice for over 100 years. These systems center around the protection of human health, ensuring reliable water supply and minimizing flooding; often with minimal consideration of the environmental and ecological impacts associated with fresh water extraction and wastewater discharge. These urban water systems are facing unprecedented challenges in this century from the emerging issues of climate variability, population growth, aging infrastructure, urbanisation and resource constraints. In this context, the current level of urban water service provision can't be provided within the existing centralised system framework, unless there is a significant increase in investment, to enlarge and rehabilitate the existing centralized systems. Water service providers and managers are therefore considering alternative and sustainable means of providing water services in this environment. Decentralised and distributed water and wastewater systems, which are planned within an integrated water management concept, are being promoted either in combination with centralised systems; or alone as the sustainable solution for urban water servicing. Current urban water systems are beginning to undergo a transition, where decentralised systems will play a major role in the long-term sustainability of these systems to meet the above mentioned challenges. However, since decentralized systems are relatively new and involve increased complexity there are wide knowledge gaps in their planning, design, implementation, operation and management, which are impeding their uptake. This paper summarises the role of decentralized systems in the transitioning of centralised systems to a more sustainable state and discusses some of the complexities in the implementation of these systems.

When People Come First

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Health It ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
New Research ◽  
Health Enterprise ◽  
Conceptual Work

This book critically assesses the expanding field of global health. It brings together an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars to address the medical, social, political, and economic dimensions of the global health enterprise through vivid case studies and bold conceptual work. The book demonstrates the crucial role of ethnography as an empirical lantern in global health, arguing for a more comprehensive, people-centered approach. Topics include the limits of technological quick fixes in disease control, the moral economy of global health science, the unexpected effects of massive treatment rollouts in resource-poor contexts, and how right-to-health activism coalesces with the increased influence of the pharmaceutical industry on health care. The chapters explore the altered landscapes left behind after programs scale up, break down, or move on. We learn that disease is really never just one thing, technology delivery does not equate with care, and biology and technology interact in ways we cannot always predict. The most effective solutions may well be found in people themselves, who consistently exceed the projections of experts and the medical-scientific, political, and humanitarian frameworks in which they are cast. This book sets a new research agenda in global health and social theory and challenges us to rethink the relationships between care, rights, health, and economic futures.

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