scholarly journals The Negative Effect of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance May Be Overestimated: Evidence From a 2-Year Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362
Author(s):  
Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen ◽  
Asger Andersen ◽  
Kelton Minor ◽  
David Dreyer Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Course Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we monitored 470 university students’ smartphone usage continuously over 2 years to assess the relationship between in-class smartphone use and academic performance. We used a novel data set in which smartphone use and grades were recorded across multiple courses, allowing us to examine this relationship at the student level and the student-in-course level. In accordance with the existing literature, our results showed that students’ in-class smartphone use was negatively associated with their grades, even when we controlled for a broad range of observed student characteristics. However, the magnitude of the association decreased substantially in a fixed-effects model, which leveraged the panel structure of the data to control for all stable student and course characteristics, including those not observed by researchers. This suggests that the size of the effect of smartphone usage on academic performance has been overestimated in studies that controlled for only observed student characteristics.

scholarly journals Estimating the Returns to Schooling: A Comparison of Fixed Effects and Selection Effects Models for Twins

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
A. Agyeman
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Return To Schooling ◽  
The Relationship

Strong empirical links exist between the number of years spent schooling and earnings. How­ever, the relationship may be masked due to the effect of unobserved factors that influence both wages and schooling. Two of the main econometric models, namely fixed-effects and se­lection-effects, used to analyse returns to schooling were compared using monozygotic and di­zygotic twins’ datasets in Ghana. The efficiency of the models was assessed based on the stan­dard errors associated with the return to schooling estimates. Goodness of fit measures was used as a basis for comparison of the performance of the two models. The results revealed that based on their standard errors, the regression estimates from the selection effects model (MZ = 0.1014±0.0197; DZ = 0.0947±0.0095) were more efficient than the regression estimates from the fixed-effects model (MZ = 0.1115±0.0353; DZ = 0.082±0.0127). However, the AICc values of the fixed effects model (MZAICc = 57.8 and DZAICc = 105.4) were smaller than the AICc values of the selection effects model (MZAICc = 151.6 and DZAICc = 221.6). Findings from the study indicate that, although both models produced consistent estimates of the economic returns to schooling, the fixed effects model provided a better fit to the twins’ data set.

scholarly journals Pipeline Accidents and Incidents, Environmental Consciousness, and Financial Performance in the Canadian Energy Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Denommee-Gravel ◽  
Kyungho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Environmental Consciousness ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Environmental Accidents ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

This study employs a balanced panel of data which consists of 1281 firm-year pipeline accidents and incidents at a disaggregate level and 190 firm-year pipeline events at an aggregate level for 19 firms during the observation period between 2007 and 2016. This study examines the relationships among environmental accidents and incidents, environmental consciousness, and financial performance. Given that environmental consciousness acts as an overarching environmental context on the relationship between the accidents, incidents, and financial performance and could be relevant to shareholders to identify the weight of these accidents and incidents, this study carefully investigates how environmental consciousness moderates the relationship between pipeline accidents, incidents, and financial performance. This study applies the theoretical assumption of both corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility, both of which explain the relationship between financial performance and the events that positively or negatively affect stakeholders. This study employs nested regression analyses with the fixed effects model to test the time-series panel data. The results show that environmental consciousness has an expected significant negative effect on financial performance, whereas pipeline accidents and incidents have no expected negative effect on financial performance. One surprising finding is that pipeline accidents and incidents weighted with environmental consciousness present a significant positive relationship with financial performance, suggesting that potential contextual factors should be considered to explain such an unexpected finding.

Where, When, and Who: Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Value—A Global Panel Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032110193
Author(s):  
Shawn Pope ◽  
Jimi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Identity Match ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corporate Level

According to surveys of companies, branding is one of the main objectives of their corporate social responsibility (CSR). With advantageous data from Brand Finance, we address three contextual factors that may condition the relationship between CSR and brand value. First, we hypothesize that the relationship between CSR and brand value obtains across major world regions and industrial sectors (“the convergence thesis”). Second, we hypothesize that the relationship has weakened with time, as companies have had increasing difficulty using CSR to differentiate their brands in a sea of CSR-espousing competitors (“the crowding out thesis”). Third, we hypothesize that the relationship between CSR and brand value is weaker where a brand’s identity is different from that of its corporate owner, which may make it difficult for observers to readily link (corporate-level) CSR with its potential (lower level) brand beneficiaries (“the identity-match thesis”). We support these hypotheses with random-effects, fixed-effects, and instrumental-variable regressions before ending with contributions, limitations, implications, and potential next steps.

scholarly journals Determinants of Firm Performance: Evidence from Romanian Listed Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe paper investigates firm-specific determinants of firm profitability for Romanian listed companies over the 2000-2011 period within the framework of resource based view of the firm. The results show that tangibles, leverage, size and labour intensity have negative effect on firm performance, while sales growth and value added have a positive effect. The results prove robust when introducing two-way fixed effects model and industry year effects model (in order to simultaneously account for specific industry characteristics and time effects).

The relationship between migraine and infant colic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy A Gelfand ◽  
Peter J Goadsby ◽  
I Elaine Allen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
The Relationship

Context Infant colic is a common and distressing disorder of early infancy. Its etiology is unknown, making treatment challenging. Several articles have suggested a link to migraine. Objective The objective of this article was to perform a systematic review and, if appropriate, a meta-analysis of the studies on the relationship between infant colic and migraine. Data sources Studies were identified by searching PubMed and ScienceDirect and by hand-searching references and conference proceedings. Study selection For the primary analysis, studies specifically designed to measure the association between colic and migraine were included. For the secondary analysis, studies that collected data on colic and migraine but were designed for another primary research question were also included. Data extraction Data were abstracted from the original studies, through communication with study authors, or both. Two authors independently abstracted data. Main outcomes and measures The main outcome measure was the association between infant colic and migraine using both a fixed-effects model and a more conservative random-effects model. Results Three studies were included in the primary analysis; the odds ratio for the association between migraine and infant colic was 6.5 (4.6–8.9, p < 0.001) for the fixed-effects model and 5.6 (3.3–9.5, p = 0.004) for the random-effects model. In a sensitivity analysis wherein the study with the largest effect size was removed, the odds ratio was 3.6 (95% CI 1.7–7.6, p = 0.001) for both the fixed-effects model and random-effects model. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, infant colic was associated with increased odds of migraine. If infant colic is a migrainous disorder, this would have important implications for treatment. The main limitation of this meta-analysis was the relatively small number of studies included.

scholarly journals Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Junhao Zhong ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Credit Cycle ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.

scholarly journals Governance and Financial Difficulties of Conventional Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
La Ode Sumail
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lagrange Multiplier Test ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Insider Ownership ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the connection between governance, financial performance, and financial difficulties of 27 conventional private banks during the pe3riod of 2015-2018. In order to meet the accuracy of the model in the regression analysis, the Lagrange Multiplier test was previously performed so that the Fixed Effects model was chosen. The relationship of insider ownership with ROA tends to be in the shape of inversed-U and the relationship between institutional ownership and ROA is significantly positive. The relationship between ROA and financial difficulties is significantly negative. Older or established large scale banks tend to have high ROA. This happens because the greater the assets, the healthier the cash flow of the bank, so that the potential for return of asset is quite high and financial difficulties tend to be low or avoidable.

A big data approach to examining social bots on Twitter

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Brand Reputation

Purpose Social bots are prevalent on social media. Malicious bots can severely distort the true voices of customers. This paper aims to examine social bots in the context of big data of user-generated content. In particular, the author investigates the scope of information distortion for 24 brands across seven industries. Furthermore, the author studies the mechanisms that make social bots viral. Last, approaches to detecting and preventing malicious bots are recommended. Design/methodology/approach A Twitter data set of 29 million tweets was collected. Latent Dirichlet allocation and word cloud were used to visualize unstructured big data of textual content. Sentiment analysis was used to automatically classify 29 million tweets. A fixed-effects model was run on the final panel data. Findings The findings demonstrate that social bots significantly distort brand-related information across all industries and among all brands under study. Moreover, Twitter social bots are significantly more effective at spreading word of mouth. In addition, social bots use volumes and emotions as major effective mechanisms to influence and manipulate the spread of information about brands. Finally, the bot detection approaches are effective at identifying bots. Research limitations/implications As brand companies use social networks to monitor brand reputation and engage customers, it is critical for them to distinguish true consumer opinions from fake ones which are artificially created by social bots. Originality/value This is the first big data examination of social bots in the context of brand-related user-generated content.

scholarly journals Economic Crisis in Europe: Panel Analysis of Inflation, Unemployment and Gross Domestic Product Growth Rates

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Rouksar-Dussoyea ◽  
Ho Ming-Kang ◽  
Raja Rajeswari ◽  
Benjamin Chan Yin-Fah
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
European Crisis ◽  
The Relationship

This panel analysis study is conducted to examine the relationship between inflation rates (CPI) and unemployment rates (HUR) with the Gross Domestic Product growth rates (GDP), before and after the 2008 European crisis. Quarterly data for 18 consecutive years and six sample countries from Europe (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary and United Kingdom) have been considered in the panel. In order to get a more profound understanding of the impacts of the European crisis on the relationship between the variables, the panel data set has been classified into 3 separate panels, such that Panel 1 (1999Q1-2007Q4) represents before-crisis panel, Panel 2 (2008Q1-2016Q4) represents the during/after crisis panel and lastly, Panel 3 (1999Q1-2016Q4) represents the long-run panel. Panel 1 is subject to the Fixed Effects with LSDV model, whereby four out of the six countries are significant, and CPI and HUR are insignificant predictors of the GDP. Both Panel 2 and Panel 3 are subject to the Two-way Random Effects model, whereby both CPI and HUR have negative significant effect on GDP. Granger Causality test has also been carried out to determine whether causality is present among variables, based on each panel.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Solvency of Insurance Companies in Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Yousef Abdel Latif Abdel Jawad ◽  
Issam Ayyash
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The study aimed to investigate the factors that affect the solvency of the insurance companies in Palestine and to highlight the nature and strength of the relationship between liquidity, investment, leverage, claims and the solvency of the insurance companies in Palestine.To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive and quantitative analysis methods were used in the study. Based on the data of the financial statements of seven insurance companies (out of 9 companies) and by using regression of fixed effects of panel data for 2010-2017, the study found that the claims have a positive effect on the financial solvency and leverage has a negative effect on the solvency of insurance companies in Palestine, while investment and liquidity have an insignificant effect on financial solvency.

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