Green Bonds, Air Quality, and Mortality: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China

This study uses city-level data from the People’s Republic of China to examine links between green bond market development and air quality as well as mortality rates. It finds that cities with more green bond financing as a share of total bond financing tend to have better air quality. The effect is stronger when certified green bonds are examined and in cities with higher gross domestic product growth. Further, local green bond issuance is also negatively related to mortality rates. The findings support the argument that green bond issuance is a credible signal of corporates’ commitment to be environmentally responsible.

Are good institutions required to import economic growth? The case of tourism

Does a country need good institutions to use tourism as an economic development activator? From a sample of non-organisation for economic co-operation and development countries, this article aims to assess the feasibility of tourism-led growth in different institutional settings. The results not only suggest that a tourism shock is good for gross domestic product growth but that inclusive institutions enhance the ability of a country to convert tourism into growth. It also emphasises that beyond tourism that remains a major transmission channel for growth, inclusive countries largely benefit from growth in their neighbouring countries. They are more able to import economic growth from abroad.

Enhancing Economic Growth and Government Revenue Generation in Nigeria: The Role of Diaspora Remittances

Even though remittances constitute the second-largest source of foreign exchange for Nigeria, with a $24 billion inflow in 2018, its impact on economic growth remains unclear. This study, therefore, examined the short-run and long-run impact of remittances on the economic growth of Nigeria using the vector error correction model. Utilizing World Bank data covering 1990–2018, the empirical analysis revealed that remittances hurt economic growth in the short run while having no impact on economic growth in the long run. Our parameter estimates indicate that a 1% increase in remittances would result in a 0.9% decrease in the gross domestic product growth rate in the short run. One policy implication of this study is that Nigeria needs to devise policies and interventions that minimize the emigration of skilled professionals rather than depending on remittances that do not offset the losses to the economy due to brain drain.

Cross-Sectional and Time Series Data as the Basis for Panel Modelling: The Case of Kidnappings in México From 2010 to 2019

This paper presents the elements entailing the building of a panel data model on the basis of both cross-sectional and time series dimensions, as well as the assumptions implemented for the model application; this, with the objective of focusing on the main elements of the panel data modelling, its way of building, the estimation of parameters and their ratification. On the basis of the methodology of operations research, a practical application exercise is made to estimate the number of kidnapping cases in Mexico based on several economic indicators, finding that from the two types of panel data analyzed in this research, the best adjustment is obtained through the random-effects model, and the most meaningful variables are the Gross domestic product growth and the informal employment rate from the period 2010 to 2019 in each of the states. Thus, it is illustrated that panel data modelling present a better adjustment of data than any other type of models such as linear regression and time series analysis.

FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES AND THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

The proposed technology of financing enterprises and the Russian economy, harmoniously combining the interests of working citizens, owners and the state, makes it possible, at quite achievable rates of gross domestic product growth (enterprise revenue) by 3.5% per year, to ensure a 46.6% increase in wages of working citizens over 5 years, which will practically end poverty. To increase contributions to the development fund for 5 years by 25%, which the owners of enterprises and the entire workforce are interested in, since this ensures the growth of their incomes and the possibility of constant modernization and updating of technological equipment and the release of new competitive products. Increase in 5 years (despite a gradual decrease to 14.51% of contributions to the Pension Fund RF) the amount of funds received by budgets of all levels by 22%, which will allow the state to solve many social problems.

Value Relevance of net income, other comprehensive income, and comprehensive income in Brazil

This paper uses the Ohlson Model to analyze whether Net Income (NI), Other Comprehensive Income (OCI), and Comprehensive Income (CI) are value relevant for market value and the return of shares of publicy-traded Brazilian companies. To maximize the robustness of the results, we inserted the following control variables for each model: equity per Share (EqPS), Size (S), Industry (I), EBITDA per Share (EbPS), Revenue per Share (RePS), Liquidity (L), and Gross Domestic Product Growth (GDPG). The control variables S, RePS, and GDPG were significant for the three models related to the value of the company. The control variables EqPS, EbPS, RePS, and L, on the other hand, were only significant for the three models related to stock returns. Our main variables (NI, OCI, and CI) were found to be statistically significant in five of the six regression models after data analysis in a fixed effect panel using robust standard errors. However, only the variables NI and CI were considered to be relevant in the expected direction, meaning that they offered a positive contribution in explaining the value of the company.

Does Economic Growth Responses to Changes in Financing Policies? Signals from Sudan Economy (1997-2018)

Through a simple regression model, the study tries to examine whether the economic growth in Sudan responses to changes in financing policies adopted by the Central Bank of Sudan(CBOS) during the period (1997-2018. Gross Domestic Product growth rate was used to measures economic growth (The dependent variable). While flow of banking finance to economic sectors includes; Agriculture, Industry, Local Trade, Foreign Trade, Transport and Storage, Energy and Mining and Real Estate were used to indicates changes in financing policies (The independent variables). Data were collected from annual reports of the CBOS. The results reveal that economic growth significantly responses to changes in financing policies but with different degrees during the period of the study. Moreover, it is found that imbalanced economic growth is directly related to imbalanced distribution of finance to economic sectors. The study strongly recommends that, the monetary authority should be issuing financing policies lead to equitable distribution of banking finance among economic sectors in order to achieve sustainable and balanced economic growth.

Inflation and Growth Nexus in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis

This study is related to recognize the effect of inflation on economic growth in the case of Pakistan. Inflation is a state when the general price level moves to increase. A large number of people say that if unnecessary money pursues meager goods this state is called inflation. This analysis is comprised of data from 1981 to 2014. Selected variables are Gross Domestic Product growth rate, Inflation, Child labor force, Unemployment, and Gross fixed capital formation. The inflation will work only if the rising price process prevails in the country and increases in wages, devaluation of the currency, an increase in oil prices, and an increase in indirect taxes. This finding fails to provide credibility in the direction of observation that developing countries are confronting a persistent decline in the gross domestic product due to the devaluation of the currency. ARDL technique and unit root test are used to find stationary. There is no single solution to the conflict. So, the Government should accept those measures such as monetary and non-monetary to fight it. These measures can be classified as under monetary measures, Fiscal measures and General measures. Credit rationing put to get a better gross domestic product. Policy commands that Pakistan should adopt an energetic plan for encouraging gross domestic product utilizing exceeding channels.