Lake and inland dunes as interconnected Systems: The story of Lake Tresssee and an adjacent dune field (Schleswig-Holstein, North Germany)

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 095968362098168
Author(s):  
Christian Stolz ◽  
Magdalena Suchora ◽  
Irena A Pidek ◽  
Alexander Fülling
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Water ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Sand Drift

The specific aim of the study was to investigate how four adjacent geomorphological systems – a lake, a dune field, a small alluvial fan and a slope system – responded to the same impacts. Lake Tresssee is a shallow lake in the North of Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). During the Holocene, the lake’s water surface declined drastically, predominately as a consequence of human impact. The adjacent inland dune field shows several traces of former sand drift events. Using 30 new radiocarbon ages and the results of 16 OSL samples, this study aims to create a new timeline tracing the interaction between lake and dunes, as well, as how both the lake and the dunes reacted to environmental changes. The water level of the lake is presumed to have peaked during the period before the Younger Dryas (YD; start at 10.73 ka BC). After the Boreal period (OSL age 8050 ± 690 BC) the level must have undergone fluctuations triggered by climatic events and the first human influences. The last demonstrable high water level was during the Late Bronze Age (1003–844 cal. BC). The first to the 9th century AD saw slightly shrinking water levels, and more significant ones thereafter. In the 19th century, the lake area was artificially reduced to a minimum by the human population. In the dunes, a total of seven different phases of sand drift were demonstrated for the last 13,000 years. It is one of the most precisely dated inland-dune chronologies of Central Europe. The small alluvial fan took shape mainly between the 13th and 17th centuries AD. After 1700 cal. BC (Middle Bronze Age), and again during the sixth and seventh centuries AD, we find enhanced slope activity with the formation of Holocene colluvia.

scholarly journals INCREASED WATER LEVELS DUE TO MORPHODYNAMIC CHANGES; THE LIMFJORD, DENMARK

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soeren Bjerre Knudsen ◽  
Signe M. Ingvardsen ◽  
Holger Toxvig Madsen ◽  
Carlo Sorensen ◽  
Bo Brahtz Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
North Sea ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Channel Cross Section ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The North ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
The North Sea

The Limfjord is an estuary in Denmark between The North Sea and Kattegat. The Thyboroen Channel connects the fjord with The North Sea. The water levels in the western part of the Limfjord are strongly correlated with the water level in the sea at Thyboroen. Analyses revealed a close to threefold increase in the channel cross section over the last 100 years. This has led to a detailed investigation into the effects of the channel cross section on the extreme high water levels in the Limfjord now and in the future. For Lemvig in the western part of the Limfjord the water level with a return period of 100 years would have been 1.73 m with the 1958 channel bathymetry throughout the whole period and 1.99 m with the 2005 channel bathymetry. With the extrapolated 2060-bathymetry the 100 years water level will be 2.38 m. A number of measures to counteract the consequences of this development have been evaluated.

The effect of ground water-level on the yield of some common crops on a fen peat soil

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
D. H. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit

An account is given of a field experiment in the control of ground water-level in a Fen peat soil, together with its results on the yields of crops in a six-course rotation.The seasonal variations in rainfall are presented in terms of potential evaporation and soil moisture deficit. The effect of the water-level on the moistness of the soil above it is indicated. Even in a wet summer, drying was perceptible within 18–20 in. of the ground water-level between successive falls of rain.The fluctuations of the ground water-levels are discussed. Those of the high water-levels were chiefly due to individual incidences of rain causing rises short in duration, but sufficient in the case of water-levels within 20 in. of the surface to cause total waterlogging and surface ponding. Those of the deep water-levels were most influenced by evaporation, with steady and persistent falls during any rain-free period.The deterioration of the physical condition of the soil over high water-levels is shown in the result of sieving tests. In 6 years the loss of tilth over waterlevels within 20 in. of the surface was very marked and was discernible over those as low as 30 in.The possibilities of effectively using high ground water-levels occasionally in soils in good condition are shown by the results with celery and potatoes.

Lake water level response to drought in a lake-rich region explained by lake and landscape characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1845
Author(s):  
K. Martin Perales ◽  
Catherine L. Hein ◽  
Noah R. Lottig ◽  
M. Jake Vander Zanden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Lake Water Level ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Lake Ecology ◽  
Coarse Woody Habitat

Climate change is altering hydrologic regimes, with implications for lake water levels. While lakes within lake districts experience the same climate, lakes may exhibit differential climate vulnerability regarding water level response to drought. We took advantage of a recent drought (∼2005–2010) and estimated changes in lake area, water level, and shoreline position on 47 lakes in northern Wisconsin using high-resolution orthoimagery and hypsographic curves. We developed a model predicting water level response to drought to identify characteristics of the most vulnerable lakes in the region, which indicated that low-conductivity seepage lakes found high in the landscape, with little surrounding wetland and highly permeable soils, showed the greatest water level declines. To explore potential changes in the littoral zone, we estimated coarse woody habitat (CWH) loss during the drought and found that drainage lakes lost 0.8% CWH while seepage lakes were disproportionately impacted, with a mean loss of 40% CWH. Characterizing how lakes and lake districts respond to drought will further our understanding of how climate change may alter lake ecology via water level fluctuations.

Linking weather types to tense dewatering situations of the Kiel Canal (NOK)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Jensen ◽  
Jens Möller ◽  
Peter Löwe
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Kiel Canal

<p>Within the “Network of experts” of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI), the effect of climate change on infrastructure is investigated. One aspect of this project is the future dewatering situation of the Kiel Canal (“Nord-Ostsee-Kanal” (NOK)). The Kiel Canal is one of the world’s busiest man-made waterways navigable by seagoing ships. It connects the North Sea to the Baltic Sea and can save the ships hundreds of kilometers of distance. With a total annual sum of transferred cargo of up to 100 million tons it is an economically very important transportation way. Additionally to the transportation of cargo, the canal is also used to discharge water from smaller rivers as well as drainage of a catchments area of about 1500 km².</p><p>The canal can only operate in a certain water level range. If its water level exceeds the maximum level, the water must be drained into the sea. In 90% of the time, the water is drained into the North Sea during time windows with low tide. If the water level outside of the canal is too high, drainage is not possible and the canal traffic has to be reduced or, in extreme cases, shut down. Due to the expected sea level rise, the potential time windows for dewatering are decreasing in the future. With a decrease in operational hours, there will be substantial economic losses as well as an increase in traffic around Denmark.</p><p>To get a better understanding of what causes tense dewatering situations other than sea level rise a linkage between high water levels on the outside of the canal and weather types is made. Weather types describe large-scale circulation patterns and can therefore give an estimate on tracks of low-pressure systems as well as the prevailing winds, which can explain surges and water levels at the coast. This analysis is conducted for one weather type classification method based solely on sea level pressure fields. Weather types derived from regionally coupled climate models as well as reanalyses are investigated.</p>

Uncertainty in coastal flooding: modelling and visualisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maskell
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Flood Maps

<p>Two case studies are considered in the UK, where uncertainty and drivers of coastal flood risk are explored through modelling and visualisations. Visualising the impact of uncertainty is a useful way of explaining the potential range of predicted or simulated flood risk to both expert and non-expert stakeholders.</p><p>Significant flooding occurred in December 2013 and January 2017 at Hornsea on the UK East Coast, where storm surge levels and waves overtopped the town’s coastal defences. Uncertainty in the potential coastal flooding is visualised at Hornsea due to the range of uncertainty in the 100-year return period water level and in the calculated overtopping due to 3 m waves at the defences. The range of uncertainty in the simulated flooding is visualised through flood maps, where various combinations of the uncertainties decrease or increase the simulated inundated area by 58% and 82% respectively.</p><p>Located at the mouth of the Mersey Estuary and facing the Irish Sea, New Brighton is affected by a large tidal range with potential storm surge and large waves. Uncertainty in the coastal flooding at the 100-year return period due to the combination of water levels and waves is explored through Monte-Carlo analysis and hydrodynamic modelling. Visualisation through flood maps shows that the inundation extent at New Brighton varies significantly for combined wave and surge events with a joint probability of 100 years, where the total flooded area ranges from 0 m<sup>2</sup> to 10,300 m<sup>2</sup>. Waves are an important flood mechanism at New Brighton but are dependent on high water levels to impact the coastal defences and reduce the effective freeboard. The combination of waves and high-water levels at this return level not only determine the magnitude of the flood extent but also the spatial characteristics of the risk, whereby flooding of residential properties is dominated by overflow from high water levels, and commercial and leisure properties are affected by large waves that occur when the water level is relatively high at the defences.</p>

Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale M. Robertson ◽  
William J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Stratified Lakes ◽  
Seepage Lake ◽  
Groundwater Exchange ◽  
Induced Changes

To determine how climate-induced changes in hydrology and water level may affect the trophic state (productivity) of stratified lakes, two relatively pristine dimictic temperate lakes in Wisconsin, USA, were examined. Both are closed-basin lakes that experience changes in water level and degradation in water quality during periods of high water. One, a seepage lake with no inlets or outlets, has a small drainage basin and hydrology dominated by precipitation and groundwater exchange causing small changes in water and phosphorus (P) loading, which resulted in small changes in water level, P concentrations, and productivity. The other, a terminal lake with inlets but no outlets, has a large drainage basin and hydrology dominated by runoff causing large changes in water and P loading, which resulted in large changes in water level, P concentrations, and productivity. Eutrophication models accurately predicted the effects of changes in hydrology, P loading, and water level on their trophic state. If climate changes, larger changes in hydrology and water levels than previously observed could occur. If this causes increased water and P loading, stratified (dimictic and monomictic) lakes are expected to experience higher water levels and become more eutrophic, especially those with large developed drainage basins.

Water Level Fluctuation in a Northeastern Ontario Peatland

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Dai ◽  
V. F. Haavisto ◽  
J. H. Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
Run Off

Depths to water level and changes due to local climate were dissimilar in five peatland conditions in northeastern Ontario. The deepest water level and the greatest fluctuations occurred in an ombrotrophic black spruce bog site. The sedge-dominated poor fen site was submerged following every heavy rain. Waterlogged conditions remained within 6 cm of the surface at all times because of the influence by the water level of Dai Lake. The water level of Dai Lake varied within a narrow range because the loss of water was primarily dependent on slow seepage and evaporation. The lagg site was affected by continuous inflow, high water levels, and fast run-off, therefore, a larger fluctuation of water level prevailed at this site.

Water Movement Rule and Quality Assessment of Overflow in the Zhenjiang Neijiang

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 821-825
Author(s):  
Song Mei Wang ◽  
Chun Du Wu ◽  
Jin Yu Chu ◽  
Qing Jie Xie
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
High Water Level

We perform a study of the waste water from overflow in the Zhenjiang Neijiang . Determine content of COD、NH3-N、TP which changing along the distance at different water levels . Based on the SPSS14.0 correlation analysis , single factor pollution index and the comprehensive pollution index we study water movement rule and quality assessment. The results showed that : At low water level COD、NH3-N、TP decrease alleviation, the whole datum are high; at high water level COD、NH3-N、TP decrease greatly between 0~7m,but decrease alleviation between 7~200m. (2) Only the content of NH3-N (0~7m ) has significant differences (p<0.05),the other content all has not significant differences (p>0.05), the waste water from overflow was seriously polluted so that the wetland can not purify it adequately. (3)Based on the Vwater quality grade standard, at low water level the content of COD、NH3-N、TP(0~200m ) are all beyond standard; at high water level the content of COD、NH3-N、TP(80~200m ) are all beyond standard; the order of the potential ecological rick is: NH3-N>TP>COD. The study on the datum could offer a favorable plan for purifying the waste water from overflow in the Zhenjiang Neijiang. Keyword: overflow; water movement rule; correlation analysis; water quality assessment

scholarly journals Hydrometeorological drivers of flood characteristics in the Brahmaputra river basin in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sazzad Hossain ◽  
Hannah L. Cloke ◽  
Andrea Ficchì ◽  
Andrew G. Turner ◽  
Elisabeth M. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
South Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flood Characteristics

Abstract. While flooding is an annual occurrence in the Brahmaputra basin during the South Asian summer monsoon, there is large variability in the flood characteristics that drive risk: flood duration, rate of water level rise and peak water level. The aim of this study is to understand the key hydrometeorological drivers influencing these flood characteristics. We analyse hydrometeorological time series of the last 33 years to understand flood dynamics focusing on three extraordinary floods in 1998 (long duration), 2017 (rapid rise) and 2019 (high water level). We find that long duration floods in the basin have been driven by basin-wide seasonal rainfall extremes associated with the development phase of strong La Niña events, whereas floods with a rapid rate of rise have been driven by more localized rainfall falling in a hydrological ‘sweet spot’ that leads to a concurrent contribution from the tributaries into the main stem of the river. We find that recent record high water levels are not coincident with extreme river flows, hinting that sedimentation and morphological changes are also important drivers of flood risk that should be further investigated. Understanding these drivers is essential for flood forecasting and early warning and also to study the impact of future climate change on flood.

scholarly journals Toward the understanding of saline water intrusion and nutrient flushing in Lake Nokoué

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metogbe Djihouessi ◽  
Rita Houngue ◽  
Firmin Adandedji ◽  
Luc Sintondji
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
The North ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Mike 21

To understand the salinity dynamic at the outlet of Lake Nokoué and to simulate the nutrient flushing from this lake into the Atlantic Ocean, a 2D hydrodynamic model was designed with Mike 21. The choice of the Mike 21 was motivated by the long practice that decision-makers in Benin have with this software. The Hydrodynamics (HD) module simulated water level variations and flows in response, while the ECO-Lab module has been used for water quality modelling. The data used covered the hydrological period of 2013. The results from the HD simulation indicated that for a flow of 725 m3/s at Bonou on the Ouémé River, a tributary of Lake Nokoué. 70% of the land in the delta of Ouémé, between the Ouémé River and the So River (also a tributary of Lake Nokoué), are flooded against 90% for a river flow of 1100 m3/s. The water level in the delta showed a water increase of 0.6 m, in seven days, for a water flow of 725 m3/s at Bonou and a water increase of 1.3 m, in seven days, for a water flow of 1100 m3/s at Bonou. Water quality simulations indicated that the seawater intrusion from the Atlantic Ocean into Lake Nokoué occurred from the bottom to the surface towards the surface of the lake. During flooding, despite the large inflow of fresh water, more than 60% of the water at the bottom of the lake had concentrations greater than 8. Simulation of the dispersion of nutrient point source pollution indicated that there was an accumulation of pollution at the bottom of the lake during low water periods. This accumulation increases in amplitude as one moves away from the Atlantic Ocean towards the north of the lake. In this period tidal flushing evacuated about 20% of the pollution ejected. In the high water period, about 70% of the pollution ejected in the lake was automatically flushed out in the lake the Atlantic Ocean.

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