Good Invaders? The Occupation Policy of the Spanish Blue Division in Northwestern Russia, 1941–1944

Between 1941 and 1944, the Spanish Division of Volunteers took part in the Russian campaign as a unit integrated in the German Wehrmacht. Post-1945 war memoirs and even some historians have suggested that the ‘Blue’ Division was exceptional for their benign treatment of civilians and prisoners, distanced from the German War of Extermination. This image has not been subjected to critical enquiry. To what degree were the Spanish troops different from other Wehrmacht troops? Was the collective behaviour of the Spanish soldiers determined by the circumstances they encountered at the front, or was it related to their prior political socialization?

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Becoming Politicized

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000311 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 225 (4) ◽

pp. 324-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dimitrios Barkas ◽

Xenia Chryssochoou

Keyword(s):

Collective Identity ◽

Political Socialization ◽

Greek Society ◽

Economic Vulnerability ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

Identity Model ◽

Beliefs About The Future ◽

Of Greece ◽

The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

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The Pre-Adult Political Socialization Hypothesis Revisited

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e506102012-311 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

David O. Sears ◽

P. J. Henry

Keyword(s):

Political Socialization

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Badger (Meles meles) Sett Site Selection in Darwin Reserve, Northwestern Russia

Wildlife Biology in Practice ◽

10.2461/wbp.2016.eb.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalia Sidorchuk ◽

Viathcheslav Rozhnov

Keyword(s):

Site Selection ◽

Meles Meles ◽

Northwestern Russia

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ISLAM DAN PANCASILA DALAM PEMIKIRAN MOHAMMAD NATSIR

Alfuad: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan ◽

10.31958/jsk.v3i1.1490 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Mhd Alfahjri Sukri

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Political Socialization ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Research Data ◽

The Political ◽

Direct Influence ◽

Childhood Environment ◽

Political Conditions ◽

The Relationship

This research was conducted to see how Mohammad Natsir thought about the relationship between Islam and Pancasila. This study also explains the causes of Natsir's change of mind which initially supported Pancasila as part of Islam and later turned into an opponent of Pancasila in Konstituante on 11 November to 6 December 1957. The methodology used was a qualitative method by describing the results of the analysis carried out. The research data is obtained through a review of documents and scientific literature. The results of the study show that Mohammad Natsir's change of mind regarding the relationship between Islam and Pancasila was influenced by Mohammad Natsir's political socialization which began from Natsir's view of Islam influenced by the childhood environment (conditional and socio-cultural) in Minangkabau; direct influence from national figures such as Ahmad Hassan, H. Agus Salim, Sheikh Ahmad Syurkati and H. O Tjokroaminoto; the indirect influence of international figures throughout reading book such as Hassan Al-Banna, Amir Syakib Arselan, Rashid Ridha and Muhammad Abduh; the influence of Natsir's organization and political parties, namely Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), Islamic Unity (Persis), and Masyumi political parties; and the influence of the political conditions at that time which made Natsir's views change, which initially accepted Pancasila and then became an opponent of the Pancasila. This research shown there are two patterns of Natsir's relationship with Pancasila, namely (1) Natsir accepted Pancasila and, (2) Natsir opposed Pancasila.

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