THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A HYBRID WAR

This article is devoted to identifying and characterizing the threat to national security of Russian Federation in the context of a hybrid war. The main aim of the study is to assume that the huge problem for national security of Russia today is the threat of a hybrid nature. This paper proposes the author's classification of hybrid threats, which made it possible to distinguish five functional groups of threats («triads») ‒ in the spiritual and socio-cultural, military-political, economic, information and international legal spheres. The specificity of the «triads» is that each of the three elements of the «triad» is capable of producing the appearance of the second and third elements of the «triad» and maintaining their activity. A variant of ranking «triads» according to the level of their threat intensity is presented, the rates of their intensification in the short term were determined. According to the author's conclusions, the synchronous activity of the «triads» creates a synergistic effect, exerting a complicated negative impact on the state of national security of Russia. The novelty of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, are the classification of hybrid threats and the verbal model of the functioning of the «triads» of threats. The findings of the study can contribute to the development of effective techniques and strategies for countering hybrid threats to national security of Russia.

METAPHOR OF «DESTROYED WORLD» IN THE POLITICAL PROJECTION OF WORLD-SYSTEM ANALYSIS

The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of modern global political processes characterized by the unipolarity of the destruction of the former world system. The current situation of political transit is assessed as a failure of technologies of controlled chaos and transition to a state of turbulence. The basic approach of the research was the methodology of world-systems analysis. The article provides arguments that substantiate the systemic nature of the crisis of the World Center, the problematic nature of the restoration of the unipolar system of the world order. Four scenario perspectives of further development of the world political process are considered: 1. restoration of the leadership legitimacy of the World Center; 2. change of the core of the world system; 3. transition of a state of chaos to a global catastrophe; 4. the establishment of a system of a multilateral world of civilizations. It is indicated that the West-centered world-system has paradoxically diverged at some stage from the values of the Western civilization itself. And it is obvious that the transition to a multilateral world should be linked to the basic civilizational values of the world-systems, their differences from the values of other communities. As a result, practical recommendations are presented for the activity steps of building a system of multilateral world order as a desirable prospect for overcoming the state of turbulence and preventing a new geopolitical hegemony.

PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF AN MFC SPECIALIST AS A MECHANISM FOR FORMING PUBLIC OPINION IN POLITICS

The purpose of the article is to consider the competence capabilities of MFC specialists that require structuring in a professional standard, aimed at increasing satisfaction with the implemented policy of providing public services to the population. The article focuses on the results of a survey of MFC employees, aimed at determining the factors that, according to respondents, form the professional standard of a specialist in a multifunctional center. The authors believe that structuring of a professional standard can act as an innovative mechanism for shaping public opinion in politics. Public opinion, aimed at assessing the quality of interaction with the authorities and the provision of services to the population, can not only reflect the massive satisfaction of the needs of the population, but also take into account the point of view of the current employees of multifunctional centers. Using the self-assessment methodology in the context of an “inside look”, MFC specialists objectively assess their own competence capabilities; identify professional problems, gaps, weaknesses, which should be addressed by additional professional education. In the first part of the article, the authors analyze various mechanisms for shaping public opinion that are often used in modern political science. The second part of the article presents the results of a survey of current MFC employees. Based on the analysis of the survey results, the criteria for the professional standard of an MFC specialist were formed, which include: 1) awareness, that is, understanding the need to implement a professional standard; 2) the range of the most significant competencies of an MFC specialist; 3) a system of individual and personal qualities that form the professional efficiency of employees.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

Currently, the analysis of the causes and consequences of differences in territorial systems (municipalities, regions) by individual social, demographic and economic indicators, as well as by the totality of their interaction, is becoming more and more significant and relevant. Achieving sustainable and integrated development of rural areas is an important task of state and municipal administration. In the study, the authors focus on the effectiveness of public administration in terms of meeting the needs of the population of rural areas, and describe the tools that provide a link between the basic conditions and the final result of management decisions. The basis of the analytical study was the degree of satisfaction of the population of the municipalities of the Novgorod region with the set of implemented measures in the context of the program of integrated development of rural settlements. The authors used the approach of constructing structural groupings to characterize and justify the composition of the municipalities of the Novgorod region in the directions (spheres) and the degree of actualization of needs. The article presents the results of the ranking of municipalities in the region in order to determine the most significant territories for the implementation of the measures of the integrated development program. Thus, the authors touch upon the aspect of assessing the potential of the territory to improve the effectiveness of using public administration tools.

RUSSIA AND CHINA AGAINST TERRORISM: STAGES AND DIRECTIONS OF COOPERATION

The purpose of the article is to determine the main prerequisites for the development of Russian-Chinese anti-terrorist cooperation, to study the international treaty base that determines the priority areas of bilateral interaction, based on the dynamics of joint anti-terrorist activities, to propose a periodization of interaction between the two countries in the area under study. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of bilateral cooperation between Russia and China in countering terrorism. In the course of the study, the authors analyzed the treaty base within the framework of this topic, the UN reports on terrorism and the FATF recommendations for Russia and China. As a result, on the basis of the proposed periodization, it is demonstrated that Russian-Chinese bilateral cooperation in the fight against terrorism is of an applied systemic nature and is fine-tuned in the areas of holding consultative meetings, countering the financing of terrorist activities and organizing joint military exercises. The authors revealed that the problematic area of interaction is the exchange of operational information in the framework of terrorist financing, associated with the unwillingness of the Chinese side to provide relevant information at their disposal. In conclusion, it is proved that it is advisable to expand cooperation between Russia and China in the fight against international terrorism in the direction of countering non-standard challenges and threats to the information space, biological origin, chemical impact and environmental nature.

DOMINANT SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES OF CADET DEPARTMENTAL UNIVERSITY (EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EXPERIENCE)

The purpose of the article is to present the results of a sociological survey on the formation of spiritual and moral values of cadet youth. The object of the study was the cadets of the Faculty of Law and Engineering and Technology, whose age ranged from 18 to 22 years. The representative sample, in addition to the age and profile of the faculty, also took into account such socio-demographic characteristics as gender. The key features of the spiritual potential of future officers of the Federal Penitentiary Service are revealed, in particular, the combination of adherence to traditional values with the strengthening of individualism, their own well-being and self-development. Such an important feature of youth perception of actual reality as a certain lack of a sense of security, fear of an increase in crime, unemployment and the possibility of war is recorded. The authors note that cadets are characterized by adherence to traditional life values, one way or another intertwined with a certain increase in individualism, their own well-being and self-development, which reflects modern global and Russian trends.

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE CYCLICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY

The purpose of the research is to study of the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclicality and dynamics of economic development in the context of identifying the role of social institutions at individual phases of the cycle of economic development, as well as consideration of the functions and tools of social institutions by phases of economic development. The subject of the research is a set of roles, functions and tools of social institutions related to different phases of the cycle of economic development. The methodological base is formed for the implementation of scientific research tasks. Its tools are methods that allow reflecting the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclical nature of the economy: the method of theoretical foundations, the method of grouping, the method of analysis, the method of comparison, the method of implication. As a result of the study, it is indicated that the functions of social institutions should be highlighted: the consolidation of emerging social relations, adaptation, regulatory processes, a communication basis and a translational basis. The instruments that influence economic fluctuations are formed in the context of social institutions. Thus, the institution of the family is characterized by the use of an optimization mechanism, the concept of sustainability of social relations, the concept of production and distribution of economic benefits in order to meet the needs of each of the subjects.

FORMATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES IN STATE AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the possibility of forming professional competencies of project management among state and municipal employees in the system of additional education through their participation in project activities. The introduction of the proposed project management technologies allows officials at all levels to develop new professional competencies that would allow them to create a unique product in conditions of limited resources. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, within which we used structural and functional analysis, general scientific methods: comparison, description, explanation, abstraction. In addition, we used included observation when the authors of the article performed the functions of moderators of project groups. As a result, the expediency of project training of state and municipal employees within the framework of the system of additional education was substantiated, where the reporting form of mastering the course material is the presentation of one's own real project, demonstrating the possession of project team members with professional competencies in the field of project planning. management.

THE CONFRONTATION OF THE PARTIES TO THE SEPARATIST CONFLICT BY MEANS OF «SOFT POWER» (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CATALONIA AND SCOTLAND)

The article attempts to apply the concept of «soft power», characteristic of international relations, to analyze the struggle of participants in separatist conflicts at the national level. The purpose of the study is to consider the «soft power» resources and tools of each of the parties to the conflict between Catalonia and Spain and the conflict between Scotland and the United Kingdom. The main research methods are general logical, institutional and comparative. It is concluded that in the countries under consideration, in the conditions of the manifestation of separatism, the «soft power» has obvious socio-cultural, political, institutional and legal grounds. According to the authors, despite the specifics of the «soft power» confrontation, in each of the cases considered, culture in its various manifestations, image strategies of the parties to the conflict, as well as the institution of the monarchy are crucial.