scholarly journals Sample Preparation for in vitro Analysis of Iodine in Thyroid Tissue using X-ray Fluorescence

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 117693510800600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hansson ◽  
Mats Isaksson ◽  
Gertrud Berg
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Sims Analysis

Iodine is enriched and stored in the thyroid gland. Due to several factors, the size of the thyroid iodine pool varies both between individuals and within individuals over time. Excess iodine as well as iodine deficiency may promote thyroid cancer. Therefore, knowledge of iodine content and distribution within thyroid cancer tissue is of interest. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are two methods that can be used to assess iodine content in thyroid tissue. With both techniques, choice of sample preparation affects the results. Aldehyde fixatives are required for SIMS analysis while a freezing method might be satisfactory for XRF analysis. The aims of the present study were primarily to evaluate a simple freezing technique for preserving samples for XRF analysis and also to use XRF to evaluate the efficacy of using aldehyde fixatives to prepare samples for SIMS analysis. Ten porcine thyroids were sectioned into four pieces that were either frozen or fixed in formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or a modified Karnovsky fixative. The frozen samples were assessed for iodine content with XRF after 1 and 2 months, and the fixed samples were analyzed for iodine content after 1 week. Freezing of untreated tissue yielded no significant iodine loss, whereas fixation with aldehydes yielded an iodine loss of 14–30%, with Karnovsky producing the least loss.

X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID CANCER

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
В. Зайчик ◽  
V. Zaychik ◽  
Г. Давыдов ◽  
G. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thyroid Goiter ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Purpose: To investigate new possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid goiter lesions by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDRFA). Material and methods: In the samples of thyroid tissue taken from people with intact thyroid gland (mostly died from trauma, n = 92), as well as in patients with nodular goiter (n = 79) and thyroid cancer (n = 40) bromine (Br), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) were investigated. To determine these elements, the methods of EDRPA have been developed using encapsulated sources with 109Cd and 241Am radionuclides for fluorescence excitation. Results: It is shown that the levels of the content of I, the ratios I / Cu and I / Rb, as well as the products of the ratios I / Cu ∙ (I / Rb) and (I / Br) ∙ (I / Cu) ∙ (I / Rb ) are highly informative markers of thyroid cancer. The accuracy of the developed methods and the reliability of the results obtained were confirmed by measurements of international certified comparison materials. Conclusion: The use of the proposed markers allows in vitro to differentiat thyroid cancer from benign nodes and normal tissue with sensitivity in the range of 86–100 %, specificity of 89–99 %, and accuracy within 90–99 %.

Iodine Content and Distribution in Extratumoral and Tumor Thyroid Tissue Analyzed with X-Ray Fluorescence and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Thyroid ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1215-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hansson ◽  
Torsten Grunditz ◽  
Mats Isaksson ◽  
Svante Jansson ◽  
Jukka Lausmaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

scholarly journals MON-514 Detection of RAS Mutations and RET/PTC Fusions in Thyroid Cancer Using Microfluidic Digital PCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Ylli ◽  
Aneeta Patel ◽  
Maria Cecilia Mendoca-Torres ◽  
John Costello ◽  
Athanasios Bikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Ras Mutations ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Node Metastases

Abstract Background: The identification of somatic mutations and gene fusions is crucial for guiding therapeutic decisions in patients with thyroid cancer. Microfluidic digital PCR is currently considered as a technique of choice for highly sensitive detection of gene mutations/fusion. We recently demonstrated that dPCR is a useful tool for detection of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations in thyroid tumors. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the analytic and clinical validity of dPCR for detection of RAS mutations and RET/PTC fusions in thyroid cancer tissue. Material and Methods: Thyroid tissues from 75 patients with PTCs (58 classical PTC (CPTC) and 17 follicular variant (FVPTC) were used for DNA and RNA extraction. The rare mutation SNP genotyping assays which were multiplexed for detection of mutant and wild type NRASQ61; as well as RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 were synthesized by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Digital PCR was performed using a QuantStudio 3D Digital PCR platform. QuantStudio Software was used for relative and quantitative data analysis. Results: NRASQ61 was detected in 0/58 CPTC and in 6/17 (35%) FVPTC. The ratios of mutant/total varying from 11.7% to 61.5%. Among patients with FVPTC there were no significant associations between the presence of NRASQ61 and patient’s age, sex, multifocal growth, extra-thyroidal invasion and lymph node metastases. The ratios mutant/total correlated with tumor size in patients harboring NRASQ61. In 23 cases, RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 transcripts were examined. RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 transcripts were detected in 3 and 1 case, respectively. RET/PTCs were detected in CPTC, but not in FVPTC. RET/PTC positive tumors were characterized by multi-focal patterns of growth, presence of extra-thyroidal invasion, and presence of lymph node metastases (4 of 4 cases with RET/PTC). There were not RET/PTCs positive tumors harboring simultaneously anomalies in RAS oncogene. Conclusions: Microfluidic digital PCR allows specific, sensitive and rapid detection of RAS mutations and RET/PTC fusions in thyroid tissue samples. Implementation of dPCR-based assays may facilitate analysis of thyroid tumors and support research in patients with thyroid cancer.

scholarly journals The Surface Characterisation of Fused Filament Fabricated (FFF) 3D Printed PEEK/Hydroxyapatite Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3117
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rodzeń ◽  
Mary Josephine McIvor ◽  
Preetam K. Sharma ◽  
Jonathan G. Acheson ◽  
Alistair McIlhagger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Surface Characterisation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer which has found increasing application in orthopaedics and has shown a lot of promise for ‘made-to-measure’ implants via additive manufacturing approaches. However, PEEK is bioinert and needs to undergo surface modification to make it at least osteoconductive to ensure a more rapid, improved, and stable fixation that will last longer in vivo. One approach to solving this issue is to modify PEEK with bioactive agents such as hydroxyapatite (HA). The work reported in this study demonstrates the direct 3D printing of PEEK/HA composites of up to 30 weight percent (wt%) HA using a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) approach. The surface characteristics and in vitro properties of the composite materials were investigated. X-ray diffraction revealed the samples to be semi-crystalline in nature, with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry revealing HA materials were available in the uppermost surface of all the 3D printed samples. In vitro testing of the samples at 7 days demonstrated that the PEEK/HA composite surfaces supported the adherence and growth of viable U-2 OS osteoblast like cells. These results demonstrate that FFF can deliver bioactive HA on the surface of PEEK bio-composites in a one-step 3D printing process.

scholarly journals An innovative optical and chemical drill core scanner

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. L. Sjöqvist ◽  
M. Arthursson ◽  
A. Lundström ◽  
E. Calderón Estrada ◽  
A. Inerfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Scanning Path ◽  
Drill Cores

Abstract. We describe a new innovative drill core scanner that semi-automatedly analyses drill cores directly in drill core trays with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, without the need for much sample preparation or operator intervention. The instrument is fed with entire core trays, which are photographed at high resolution and scanned by a 3-D profiling laser. Algorithms recognise the geometry of the core tray, number of slots, location of the drill cores, calculate the optimal scanning path, and execute a continuous XRF analysis of 2 cm width along the core. The instrument is equipped with critical analytical components that allow an effective QA/QC routine to be implemented. It is a mobile instrument that can be manoeuvred by a single person with a manual pallet jack.

Application of XRF in the Aluminum Industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Frank R. Feret
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Preparation Techniques

X-ray fluorescence analysis has been used in the aluminum industry since the beginning of the 1950's. Initial applications involved predominantly raw materials such as bauxite. During the last decades its use expanded to every stage of aluminum production and today, XRF analysis is a recognized analyticaI technique, applied routinely in exploration, reduction and fabrication processes. Typical XRF applications in the aluminum industry at present are listed in Table 1. The number of determinations given represents usual industrial requirements, and may vary between laboratories. The sample preparation techniques are again the most commonly used for the applications.

Calcium and metabolism of I131 in rats and homogenates of rat thyroid

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaro Ribeiro Gandra ◽  
John G. Coniglio
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Free Iodine ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The goitrogenic effect of calcium was studied by the use of I131 in intact rats and in rat thyroid slices. Rats receiving excess dietary calcium had larger thyroids than controls. Enlargement of the thyroid was accompanied by increased content of inorganic iodine and decreased content of organic iodine. In vitro studies showed that thyroid enlargement was associated with greater total iodine uptake. Addition of calcium to the incubation medium decreased the total iodine uptake of thyroid slices. The reduction occurred as a consequence of interference with the conversion of inorganic iodine to organic iodine. No decrease in inorganic iodine content was observed. The ratios of bound iodine to free iodine were constantly smaller in the thyroid groups receiving calcium supplement. The results of the in vitro studies suggest that calcium interference is due, at least in part, to a direct effect on thyroid tissue.

scholarly journals Iodine Content and Distribution in Thyroid Specimens from Two Patients with Graves' Disease Pretreated with Either Propylthiouracil or Stable Iodine: Analysis Using X-Ray Fluorescence and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marie Hansson ◽  
Helena Filipsson Nyström ◽  
Svante Jansson ◽  
Jukka Lausmaa ◽  
Gertrud Berg
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Stable Iodine

Patients with Graves' disease can be medically prepared before surgery in different ways, which may have various effects on iodine stores. Thyroid specimens were collected at surgery from two patients pretreated with propylthiouracil (PTU) and stable iodine, respectively. A quantitative analysis of iodine content was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in frozen tissue and a qualitative analysis of aldehyde-fixed material with Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Iodine concentrations were 0.9 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL in the thyroid tissue from the patients treated with PTU and stable iodine respectively. TOF-SIMS showed iodine in the follicle lumina in both. However, in the PTU case, iodine was also seen within the thyrocytes indicating accumulation of iodinated compounds from uninhibited hormone release. XRF and TOF-SIMS can be used to follow iodine distribution within the thyroid and the intricate processes following the different medical treatment alternatives in Graves' disease.

A new sample preparation method for WD-XRF analysis of sulfide ores by fusion techniques: a BN crucible for protection against contamination and quantitative retention of sulfur

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Dingshuai Xue ◽  
Hongyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Sulfide Ores ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Analysis

In this article, a methodology is described for the wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of sulfide ores by fusion techniques.

scholarly journals Inhibition of gap junction transfer sensitizes thyroid cancer cells to anoikis

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Jensen ◽  
Aneeta Patel ◽  
Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska ◽  
Andrew Bauer ◽  
Vasyl Vasko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cell ◽  
Gap Junctional ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

Resistance to anoikis (matrix deprivation-induced apoptosis) is a critical component of the metastatic cascade. Molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to anoikis have not been reported in thyroid cancer cells. For an in vitro model of anoikis, we cultured follicular, papillary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines on poly-HEMA-treated low-adherent plates. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of human cancer cells that had infiltrated blood and/or lymphatic vessels. Matrix deprivation was associated with establishment of contacts between floating thyroid cancer cells and formation of multi-cellular spheroids. This process was associated with activation of gap junctional transfer. Increased expression of the gap junction molecule Connexin43 was found in papillary and anaplastic cancer cells forming spheroids. All non-adherent cancer cells showed a lower proliferation rate compared with adherent cells but were more resistant to serum deprivation. AKT was constitutively activated in cancer cells forming spheroids. Inhibition of gap junctional transfer through Connexin43 silencing, or by treatment with the gap junction disruptor carbenoxolone, resulted in loss of pAKT and induction of apoptosis in a cell-type-specific manner. In human thyroid tissue, cancer cells that had infiltrated blood vessels showed morphological similarity to cancer cells forming spheroids in vitro. Intra-vascular cancer cells demonstrated prominent AKT activation in papillary and follicular cancers. Increased Connexin43 immunoreactivity was observed only in intra-vascular papillary cancer cells. Our data demonstrate that establishment of inter-cellular communication contributes to thyroid cancer cell resistance to anoikis. These findings suggest that disruption of gap junctional transfer could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for prevention of metastases.

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