X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID CANCER

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
В. Зайчик ◽  
V. Zaychik ◽  
Г. Давыдов ◽  
G. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thyroid Goiter ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Purpose: To investigate new possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid goiter lesions by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDRFA). Material and methods: In the samples of thyroid tissue taken from people with intact thyroid gland (mostly died from trauma, n = 92), as well as in patients with nodular goiter (n = 79) and thyroid cancer (n = 40) bromine (Br), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) were investigated. To determine these elements, the methods of EDRPA have been developed using encapsulated sources with 109Cd and 241Am radionuclides for fluorescence excitation. Results: It is shown that the levels of the content of I, the ratios I / Cu and I / Rb, as well as the products of the ratios I / Cu ∙ (I / Rb) and (I / Br) ∙ (I / Cu) ∙ (I / Rb ) are highly informative markers of thyroid cancer. The accuracy of the developed methods and the reliability of the results obtained were confirmed by measurements of international certified comparison materials. Conclusion: The use of the proposed markers allows in vitro to differentiat thyroid cancer from benign nodes and normal tissue with sensitivity in the range of 86–100 %, specificity of 89–99 %, and accuracy within 90–99 %.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation for in vitro Analysis of Iodine in Thyroid Tissue using X-ray Fluorescence

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 117693510800600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hansson ◽  
Mats Isaksson ◽  
Gertrud Berg
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Sims Analysis

Iodine is enriched and stored in the thyroid gland. Due to several factors, the size of the thyroid iodine pool varies both between individuals and within individuals over time. Excess iodine as well as iodine deficiency may promote thyroid cancer. Therefore, knowledge of iodine content and distribution within thyroid cancer tissue is of interest. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are two methods that can be used to assess iodine content in thyroid tissue. With both techniques, choice of sample preparation affects the results. Aldehyde fixatives are required for SIMS analysis while a freezing method might be satisfactory for XRF analysis. The aims of the present study were primarily to evaluate a simple freezing technique for preserving samples for XRF analysis and also to use XRF to evaluate the efficacy of using aldehyde fixatives to prepare samples for SIMS analysis. Ten porcine thyroids were sectioned into four pieces that were either frozen or fixed in formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or a modified Karnovsky fixative. The frozen samples were assessed for iodine content with XRF after 1 and 2 months, and the fixed samples were analyzed for iodine content after 1 week. Freezing of untreated tissue yielded no significant iodine loss, whereas fixation with aldehydes yielded an iodine loss of 14–30%, with Karnovsky producing the least loss.

A Novel Missense Mutation (p.P52R) in Amelogenin Gene Causing X-linked Amelogenesis Imperfecta

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kida ◽  
Y. Sakiyama ◽  
A. Matsuda ◽  
S. Takabayashi ◽  
H. Ochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amelogenin Gene

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disease with abnormal dental enamel formation. Here we report a Japanese family with X-linked AI transmitted over at least four generations. Mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation (p.P52R) in exon 5 of the amelogenin gene. The mutation was detected as heterozygous in affected females and as hemizygous in their affected father. The affected sisters exhibited vertical ridges on the enamel surfaces, whereas the affected father had thin, smooth, yellowish enamel with distinct widening of inter-dental spaces. To study the pathological cause underlying the disease in this family, we synthesized the mutant amelogenin p.P52R protein and evaluated it in vitro. Furthermore, we studied differences in the chemical composition between normal and affected teeth by x-ray diffraction analysis and x-ray fluorescence analysis. We believe that these results will greatly aid our understanding of the pathogenesis of X-linked AI.

scholarly journals Molecular pathogenetic aspects in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Ye. A. Troshina ◽  
G. A. Gerasimov ◽  
G. F. Alexandrova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tumor Diseases ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The One ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer accounts for 1 - 1.5% of all malignant neoplasms. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of this disease. On the one hand, the frequency of detection of thyroid cancer is associated with the introduction of a number of modern methods of examining patients and the increased oncological alertness of doctors. On the other hand, there is evidence of an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer associated with an unfavorable environmental situation. An example of this is an increase in the frequency of thyroid damage in people exposed to radiation after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. There is evidence that in Japan, thyroid cancer is detected 10 times more often among the population that has undergone nuclear bombing than among other residents of the country. Exogenous risk factors include external x-ray irradiation, previously carried out for medical purposes for various benign and non-tumor diseases of the head and neck. It is believed that exogenous factors are able to more or less affect the thyroid gland and cause a number of molecular changes in it that lead to the development of cancer. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the molecular aspects of thyroid cancer.

scholarly journals Validation of secondary fluorescence excitation in quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis of thin alloy films

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1664-1670
Author(s):  
André Wählisch ◽  
Cornelia Streeck ◽  
Philipp Hönicke ◽  
Burkhard Beckhoff
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Alloy Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Fluorescence

Reference-free X-ray fluorescence analysis of multilayered, alloyed thin films in the μm regime with significant secondary fluorescence contributions.

Contribution to the in vitro multielement X-ray fluorescence analysis of human soft tissues

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Havránek ◽  
M. Harangozó ◽  
A. Bumbálová
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gene Expression Profiles in Thyroid Nodule Biopsy Material to Diagnose Thyroid Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Durand ◽  
Carole Ferraro-Peyret ◽  
Samia Selmi-Ruby ◽  
Christian Paulin ◽  
Michelle El Atifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas

Abstract Context: Detection of thyroid cancer among benign nodules on fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB), which presently relies on cytological examination, is expected to be improved by new diagnostic tests set up from genomic data. Objective: The aim of the study was to use a set of genes discriminating benign from malignant tumors, on the basis of their expression levels, to build tumor classifiers and evaluate their capacity to predict malignancy on FNAB. Design: We analyzed the level of expression of 200 potentially informative genes in 56 thyroid tissue samples (benign or malignant tumors and paired normal tissue) using nylon macroarrays. Gene expression data were subjected to a weighted voting algorithm to generate tumor classifiers. The performances of the classifiers were evaluated on a series of 26 sham FNAB, i.e. FNAB carried out on thyroid nodules after surgical resection. Results: A series of 19 genes with a similar expression in follicular adenomas and normal tissue and discriminating follicular adenomas+normal tissue from the following: 1) follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), 2) papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), or 3) both FTCs and PTCs. These were used to generate four classifiers, the FTCs, PTCs, common (FTC+PTCs), and global classifiers. In 23 of the 26 sham FNAB, the four classifiers yielded a diagnosis in agreement with the diagnosis of the pathologist used as reference; in the three other cases, the correct diagnosis was given by three of four classifiers. Conclusions: We developed a procedure of molecular diagnosis of benign vs. malignant tumors applicable to the material collected by FNAB. The molecular test complied with a preclinical validation stage; it must be now evaluated on ultrasound-guided FNAB in a large-scale prospective study.

scholarly journals Clinical assessment of the data of radionuclide studies in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the thyroid

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
I. I. Purizhansky ◽  
T. V. Ogneva ◽  
K. U. Kadyrov ◽  
Kh. Yu. Al-Sakhii ◽  
A. P. Alyoshkin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Radionuclide Studies

A total of 386 patients with nodular goiter, compensated adenoma, lymphocytic thyroiditis, relapses of thyroid cancer, and metastases of thyroid cancer to regional lymph nodes were examined in order to assess the informative value of in vivo and in vitro radionuclide studies. In vivo studies were carried out using different systems of visual information processing gamma-chamber with 99mTc - pertechnetate, sodium iodide (131I, 123I) and 201Т1-chloride. Standard radioimmunoassay kits were used for measurements of blood serum levels of thyroxin, triiodothyronine, hypophyseal thyroid hormone, thyroglobulin and antibodies to it, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin. 201Т1-chloride was found to be the optimal radionuclide for the differential diagnosis of tumors of the thyroid; as for the most informative in vitro test, thyroglobulin measurements should be preferred.

scholarly journals Nodular goiter and thyroid cancer in children and adolescents living at the territories of Kaluga district contaminated with radionuclides

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Ye. G. Matveyenko ◽  
V. F. Gorobets ◽  
B. M. Vtyurin ◽  
V. S. Parshin ◽  
N. A. Oleinik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
Radiology Research

Thyroid status of children and adolescents living in the Kaluga district at territories contaminated with radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident was followed up from 1986 to 1994. Clinical studies included examination by endocrinologist, ultrasonic examination of the thyroid and regional lymph nodes with fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid tissue, if indicated, and measurements of blood serum levels of thyrotropin, thyroxin, triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin and autoantibodies to it, and of antibodies to the microsomal fraction of thyrocytes. Special attention was paid to the detection of nodular formations in the thyroid and identification of their type. The diagnoses were verified at Medical Radiology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in the town of Obninsk. In 1994 an increase in the incidence of nodular goiter was observed in the cohort of children followed up. Four cases of thyroid cancer (follicular and papillary forms) were diagnosed in 1993-1994 among subjects exposed to radioactive iodine in childhood after the accident. Three of these patients were examined and treated at the Medical Radiology Research Center. Detailed excerpts from their case histories are presented.

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopy for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer and its subtypes: An in vitro proof-of-concept study

Cytopathology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan O'Dea ◽  
Massimo Bongiovanni ◽  
Gerasimos P. Sykiotis ◽  
Panos G. Ziros ◽  
Aidan D. Meade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Serous BMP8A has Clinical Significance in the Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer and Promotes Thyroid Cancer Cell Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Liu ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
Dongdong Qin ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Qixiu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Anchorage Independent Growth ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Objectives: This study aims to discover a potential cytokine biomarker for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methods: We employed data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and experimentally elucidated its mechanistic contributions. The differential expression genes (DEGs) between thyroid cancer and health population were analyzed with TCGA online bioinformatic tools. The relative expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8A (BMP8A) was determined by real-time PCR in ultrasonic diagnosed thyroid cancer both in vivo and in vitro. The serous BMP8A content was quantified with an ELISA kit. Protein levels of BMP8A, OCLN, ZEB1, EZH2 and β-Actin were analyzed by Western blot. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay, and anchorage-independent growth was measured by the soft agar colony formation assay. Cell migrative and invasive capacities were interrogated with transwell chamber assays. Results: We identified aberrantly high expression of BMP8A in thyroid cancer, which was associated with unfavorable prognosis and tumor progression. The serous BMP8A was also significantly up-regulated in thyroid cancer patients. Ectopic over-expression of BMP8A remarkably stimulated cell viability and anchorage-independent growth. Meanwhile, the migrative and invasive capacities were greatly increased in response to BMP8A over-expression. Mechanistically, we characterized the positive correlation between BMP8A and TCF7L1, and forced expression of TCF7L1 induced BMP8A expression in TPC-1 cells. Conclusion: In summary, we have identified a novel biomarker for early diagnosis in addition to Ultrasound for thyroid cancer, which is subjected to TCF7L1 regulation.

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