scholarly journals NeoCoV Is Closer to MERS-CoV than SARS-CoV

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372093071
Author(s):  
Mohamed M Hassan ◽  
Mohamed A Hussain ◽  
Sumaya Kambal ◽  
Ahmed A Elshikh ◽  
Osama R Gendeel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, Coronavirus has been given considerable attention from the biomedical community based on the emergence and isolation of a deadly coronavirus infecting human. To understand the behavior of the newly emerging MERS-CoV requires knowledge at different levels (epidemiologic, antigenic, and pathogenic), and this knowledge can be generated from the most related viruses. In this study, we aimed to compare between 3 species of Coronavirus, namely Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), and NeoCoV regarding whole genomes and 6 similar proteins (E, M, N, S, ORF1a, and ORF1ab) using different bioinformatics tools to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the 3 viruses at the nucleotide and amino acids levels. All sequences have been retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Regards to target genomes’ phylogenetic analysis showed that MERS and SARS-CoVs were closer to each other compared with NeoCoV, and the last has the longest relative time. We found that all phylogenetic methods in addition to all parameters (physical and chemical properties of amino acids such as the number of amino acid, molecular weight, atomic composition, theoretical pI, and structural formula) indicated that NeoCoV proteins were the most related to MERS-CoV one. All phylogenetic trees (by both maximum-likelihood and neighbor-joining methods) indicated that NeoCoV proteins have less evolutionary changes except for ORF1a by just maximum-likelihood method. Our results indicated high similarity between viral structural proteins which are responsible for viral infectivity; therefore, we expect that NeoCoV sooner may appear in human-related infection.

Metric for Disassembly and Reuse Decisions: Formulation and Validation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitashwa Pandey ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Value Function ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Long Range Planning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Value Function

Design for disassembly and reuse focuses on developing methods to minimize difficulty in disassembly for maintenance or reuse. These methods can gain substantially if the relationship between component attributes (material mix, ease of disassembly etc.) and their likelihood of reuse or disposal is understood. For products already in the marketplace, a feedback approach that evaluates willingness of manufacturers or customers (decision makers) to reuse a component can reveal how attributes of a component affect reuse decisions. This paper introduces some metrics and combines them with ones proposed in literature into a measure that captures the overall value of a decision made by the decision makers. The premise is that the decision makers would choose a decision that has the maximum value. Four decisions are considered regarding a component’s fate after recovery ranging from direct reuse to disposal. A method on the lines of discrete choice theory is utilized that uses maximum likelihood estimates to determine the parameters that define the value function. The maximum likelihood method can take inputs from actual decisions made by the decision makers to assess the value function. This function can be used to determine the likelihood that the component takes a certain path (one of the four decisions), taking as input its attributes, which can facilitate long range planning and also help determine ways reuse decisions can be influenced.

STUDY OF AMINO ACID MODIFIERS IN GUAYULE NATURAL RUBBER

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen McMahan ◽  
Dhondup Lhamo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thermal Oxidative Stability ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Guayule, a desert shrub indigenous to the United States, is under development as a source of natural rubber that can be used in place of petroleum-based rubber or Hevea rubber. In natural rubbers, physical and chemical properties can be strongly affected by nonrubber constituents, typically proteins and lipids, present in the material, depending on the plant species and postharvest processing. Hevea natural rubber typically contains high levels of nonrubber constituents that contribute to thermal-oxidative stability, cure acceleration, and especially strain-induced crystallization. The latter has been attributed to compound properties that render Hevea natural rubber uniquely suited for the most demanding rubber applications (e.g., aircraft tires). Hevea proteins are susceptible to hydrolysis, releasing free amino acids into the latex, which can affect rubber and compound properties. Here, low-protein guayule latex was blended with a series of amino acids varying in chemical structure. Bulk viscosity was reduced, thermal-oxidative stability was improved, and cure rate was influenced by the addition of amino acids. Generally, gel formation, green strength, and tensile strength were not affected. The results introduce a new perspective for amino acids as biobased rubber compound additives and provide insights into naturally occurring nonrubber constituents' interaction with natural rubber polymers.

EFFECT OF PROTEIN ADDITION ON PROPERTIES OF GUAYULE NATURAL RUBBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhondup Lhamo ◽  
Colleen McMahan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Oxidative Resistance ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
General Protein ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Parthenium argentatum, commonly known as guayule, is a desert shrub cultivated as a domestic source of natural rubber in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Guayule natural rubber (GR) may be used to replace petroleum-based rubber or in place of Hevea natural rubber (NR), but substitution must take into consideration differences in physical and chemical properties. Currently, Hevea NR is required in tire applications, especially aircraft and truck tires, because of its high oxidative resistance, rapid cure rate, and exceptional stress–strain response. These outstanding features are attributed to the presence of nonrubber constituents, mainly proteins and lipids, which cause the rubber to gel, and they contribute to strain-induced crystallization. In contrast, GR is low in proteins and is thus deprived of some attributes of Hevea. Addition of amino acids and proteins to guayule could potentially improve performance and thereby widen the range of applications for use. In a previous study, amino acids blended with GR latex improved thermo-oxidative stability, served as plasticizers and cure accelerators, and enhanced green strength slightly, but tensile strength was not improved. Here, a series of bio-based commercial proteins (gelatin, soy, albumin, casein, zein, gliadin, and gluten) were added to GR as a latex blend. In general, protein addition reduced bulk viscosity and improved thermo-oxidative stability. The gel content and green strength of the polymer–protein blends were increased, with the exception of gliadin, but not to levels observed for Hevea. Effects on vulcanization and mechanical properties in compounds were surprisingly influenced by the choice of antioxidants used. Our results demonstrate the potential of proteins as bio-based rubber compounding additives.

Bacteriochlorophyll e : structure and stereochemistry of a new type of chlorophyll from Chlorobiaceae

1976 ◽  
Vol 273 (924) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Bacteriochlorophyll E ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A so far unknown chlorophyll has been isolated from several strains of brown-coloured chlorobacteria and has been designated bacteriochlorophyll e . Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of the new chlorophyll with those of bacteriochlorophylls c and d ( Chlorbium chlorophylls) allows one to deduce its structural formula. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyethyl side chain of bacteriochlorophylls c, d and e can be determined by a modified Horeau analysis of these pigments, and the results thus obtained are in agreement with those derived from oxidative degradation experiments. The latter method allows one furthermore to prove the structure of bacteriochlorophylls c and d proposed by Holt, and to establish the absolute configuration at carbon atoms 7 and 8. The presence of a δ-methylsubstituent in bacteriochlorophylls c and e is unambiguously demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ON SOIL AGGREGATION AND RESPONSE TO VAMA

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Saini ◽  
A. A. MacLean ◽  
J. J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates to certain soil properties (clay, organic matter, free iron, free aluminum, and polysaccharide contents) and the relationship of the increase in aggregation caused by VAMA to the same properties of 24 New Brunswick soils were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses.Simple correlation coefficients relating aggregation to soil properties indicated that organic matter (r = 0.627), polysaccharides (r = 0.602), and aluminum (r = 0.679) were the most important factors. However, when the influence of each factor was separated by partial correlation, the coefficients were not significant. On the other hand, the combined effects of all factors as indicated by the multiple correlation coefficient (r = 0.743) was significant at the 1% level. The effect of the same soil properties on response to VAMA, as shown by increase in mean weight diameter, indicated that clay exerted the greatest influence. The relationship with other factors was nonsignificant.

scholarly journals Niche analysis of dominant species in alpine desert grassland communities in Qaidam Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Jiancai Sun ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Deting Deng ◽  
Sha Yang ◽  
Yukun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

Community dominant plants and their ecological niche research is the focus of community ecology research. To explore the niche characteristics of desert dominant plants and the relationship between them and soil factors in Qaidam Basin, and to provide a basis for the construction of desert plant communities and the sustainable management of natural resources in Qaidam Basin. Taking 13 desert plant communities in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province as the research objects, this paper analyzed the characteristics of desert plant communities and dominant species based on soil physical and chemical properties, and calculated the niche width and niche overlap of dominant plants. The dominant plants are, Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, Achnatherum splendens, Poacynum hendersonii, Reaumuria songonica, Phragmites australiss, Sympegma regelii, and Ajania Tenuifolia, Artemisia sphaerocephala, Ceratoides latens, Pearl russianthistle, Scirpustriquter. There were different degree of niche overlap among species in the community. In addition, CCA sequencing showed that different species had different requirements on the environment, and the distribution of dominant species was mainly affected by soil total nitrogen and soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Soil-Landscape Relationship in the Northern Volcanic Mountain of Leyte, Philippines

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Roland Rallos ◽  
Victor Asio ◽  
Faustino Villamayor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unstable Position ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Studies on soil-landscape relationships are necessary to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution and variation of soils for their sustainable management. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and landscape position in the northern volcanic mountain of Leyte, Philippines. Five soil profiles located on summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope positions were evaluated. Findings revealed that the degree of soil development as well as the soil morphophysical and chemical properties varied with landscape position. The soil in the most stable position (summit) had thicker solum and slightly more developed soil profile than the soils in other landscape positions. On the other hand, soils in the unstable position (backslope) generally had thinner solum. All the five soils also revealed the influence of the andesitic volcanic parent material on their properties. They all showed some properties typical of Andisols such as low bulk density and high pH in NaF although they were classified as Andic Dystrudept. The soils all possessed physical and chemical constraints for crop production.

Capillary Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids by Enantiomer Labeling

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Ernst Bayer ◽  
Hartmut Frank ◽  
Jürgen Gerhardt ◽  
Graeme Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Sample Enrichment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The optical isomers of amino acids can be easily separated by gas chromatography using capillary columns coated with the chiral polysiloxane peptide, Chirasil-Val. Quantitative trace amino acid analysis in complex mixtures such as biological fluids, sea water, or protein hydrolysates can be achieved by enantiomer labeling: The D-amino acid enantiomers, which do not occur naturally, are added to the sample prior to analysis as internal standards. Because the D-enantiomers show the same physical and chemical properties as the natural L-enantiomers, they are ideal standard references. In routine analysis, the derivatization is achieved with a new automated derivatization robot. The D-standard serves as overall internal standard for the whole analytical procedure from sample enrichment to derivatization, chromatography, and response of the detector.

Pronamide Phytotoxicity in Ten Wisconsin Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Dutt ◽  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pronamide [3,5-dichloro-(N-1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] phytotoxicity was compared in 10 Wisconsin soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Twelve soil properties were measured and correlated with pronamide I50(50% fresh weight inhibition) values using oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Portal’) as the indicator plant in bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions. Organic matter was the soil variable most inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity. Cation exchange capacity, field moisture capacity, and Mg content were also inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity, but probably reflect changes in soil organic matter levels. Clay content did not significantly affect pronamide phytotoxicity.

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