scholarly journals Does Exercise Influence Kynurenine/Tryptophan Metabolism and Psychological Outcomes in Persons With Age-Related Diseases? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117864692199111
Author(s):  
Anthony Lim ◽  
Christel Harijanto ◽  
Sara Vogrin ◽  
Gilles Guillemin ◽  
Gustavo Duque
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Central Registry

Background: The kynurenine (KYN) pathway has been implicated in many diseases associated with inflammation and aging (“inflammaging”). Targeting the kynurenine pathway to modify disease outcomes has been trialled pharmacologically, but the evidence of non-pharmacological means (ie, exercise) remains unclear. Objective: We aim to assess the evidence of the effects of exercise on the kynurenine pathway and psychological outcomes. Methods: Under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. The main outcomes were changes in kynurenine pathway metabolite levels and psychological outcomes. Results: Six studies were analyzed (total n = 379) with exercise demonstrating significant concomitant effects on kynurenine pathway metabolite levels and associated psychological outcomes in domains of somatization, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: Exercise has significant concomitant effect on kynurenine pathway metabolite levels and psychological outcomes. However, clear limitations exist in determining if the changes in the kynurenine pathway can fully explain the changes in psychological outcomes, or whether different diseases and exercise interventions act as confounding factors.

scholarly journals Remote interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Ibeggazene ◽  
Rebecca Turner ◽  
Derek Rosario ◽  
Liam Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Exercise Behaviour ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intervention Adherence ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Exercise Guidelines

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many cancer services to consider a transition to a remote format of delivery that is largely untested. Accordingly, we sought to perform a systematic review of the effects of remotely delivered interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary adults living with and beyond cancer. Methods Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials comparing a remotely delivered exercise intervention to a usual care comparison in sedentary people over 18 years old with a primary cancer diagnosis. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2020. Results The review included three trials, totalling 186 participants. Two of the included trials incorporated prescriptions that meet current aerobic exercise recommendations, one of which also meets the guidelines for resistance exercise. No trials reported an intervention adherence of 75% or more for a set prescription that meets current exercise guidelines. Conclusion There is little evidence suggesting that remote exercise interventions promote exercise behaviours or improve physical function in sedentary adults living with and beyond cancer. The development and evaluation of novel remote exercise interventions is needed to establish their usefulness for clinical practice. Given the social response to the COVID-19 pandemic, further research in this area is urgently needed.

Effects of upper limb exercise programs on the arteriovenous fistula in patients on hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110011
Author(s):  
Francini Porcher Andrade ◽  
Heloíse Benvenutti ◽  
Kacylen Costa da Silva ◽  
Paula Maria Eidt Rovedder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Limb Exercise

Background: The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a commonly used vascular access for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; exercise interventions may boost its maturation and help in its maintenance. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on the effects of upper limb exercise programs on the AVF was conducted. Methods: The primary outcomes were draining vein diameter (DVD) and draining vein blood flow rate (DVBFR), and secondary outcomes were handgrip strength (HGS) and brachial artery flow rate (BAFR). Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. When compared to usual care groups, the experimental groups did not improve DVD (mean difference [MD] 0.23, confidence interval [CI] −0.20–0.65). There were significant differences in DVBFR (mL/min) according to the fixed-effect model (MD 141.13, CI 36.84–245.42). HGS (kg) was significantly different between groups (MD 2.95, CI 0.55–5.35), but BAFR (mL/min) was not (MD 91.65, CI −94.72–278.01). Conclusions: Although exercise programs did not improve DVD and BAFR, they increased muscle strength and DVBFR. Therefore, experimental exercise programs should be emphasized for AVF maturation and maintenance. Research Registry number: reviewregistry924.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of workplace exercise interventions in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders in office workers: a protocol of a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038854
Author(s):  
Carlos Tersa-Miralles ◽  
Roland Pastells-Peiró ◽  
Francesc Rubí-Carnacea ◽  
Filip Bellon ◽  
Esther Rubinat Arnaldo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionPhysical inactivity due to changes in our society towards more sedentary behaviours is leading to health problems. Increasing physical activity might be a good strategy to improve physical strength and reduce the prevalence of illnesses associated with prolonged sitting. Office workers exhibit a sedentary lifestyle with short rest periods or even without pauses during the workday. It is important to perform workplace interventions to treat musculoskeletal disorders caused by prolonged sitting and lack of movement adopted on the office setting. This article describes a protocol for a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions on office workers in their work environment.Methods and analysisA literature search will be performed in the PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ISI WoS and PeDRO databases for randomised controlled trials and studies published from 1 January 2010 to 31 July 2020 in English or Spanish. The participants will be office workers who spend most of their work time in a sitting position. The interventions performed will include any type of exercise intervention in the workplace. The outcome measures will vary in accordance with the aim of the intervention observed. The results of the review and the outcomes from the studies reviewed will be summarised with a narrative synthesis. The review protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The review outcomes and the additional data obtained will be disseminated through publications and in scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177462.

scholarly journals Effects of Supervised Multimodal Exercise Interventions on Cancer-Related Fatigue: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Meneses-Echávez ◽  
Emilio González-Jiménez ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue

Objective. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common and devastating problem in cancer patients even after successful treatment. This study aimed to determine the effects of supervised multimodal exercise interventions on cancer-related fatigue through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Design. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of multimodal exercise interventions on CRF. Databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and OVID were searched between January and March 2014 to retrieve randomized controlled trials. Risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale.Results. Nine studiesn=772were included in both systematic review and meta-analysis. Multimodal interventions including aerobic exercise, resistance training, and stretching improved CRF symptoms (SMD=-0.23; 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.09;P=0.001). These effects were also significant in patients undergoing chemotherapyP<0.0001. Nonsignificant differences were found for resistance training interventionsP=0.30. Slight evidence of publication bias was observedP=0.04. The studies had a low risk of bias (PEDro scale mean score of 6.4 (standard deviation (SD) ± 1.0)).Conclusion. Supervised multimodal exercise interventions including aerobic, resistance, and stretching exercises are effective in controlling CRF. These findings suggest that these exercise protocols should be included as a crucial part of the rehabilitation programs for cancer survivors and patients during anticancer treatments.

scholarly journals Establishing reference values for age-related spermatogonial quantity in prepubertal human testes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 1652-1657.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Masliukaite ◽  
Julie M. Hagen ◽  
Kirsi Jahnukainen ◽  
Jan-Bernd Stukenborg ◽  
Sjoerd Repping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Related
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