scholarly journals Pathways to delinquency and substance use among African American youth: Does future orientation mediate the effects of peer norms and parental monitoring?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L Marotta ◽  
Dexter R Voisin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Peer Norms

The following study assessed whether future orientation mediated the effects of peer norms and parental monitoring on delinquency and substance use among 549 African American adolescents. Structural equation modeling computed direct and indirect (meditational) relationships between parental monitoring and peer norms through future orientation. Parental monitoring significantly correlated with lower delinquency through future orientation ( B = −.05, standard deviation = .01, p < .01). Future orientation mediated more than quarter (27.70%) of the total effect of parental monitoring on delinquency. Overall findings underscore the importance of strengthening resilience factors for African American youth, especially those who live in low-income communities.

A closer look at school bonding among African American adolescents in low-income communities: A latent class analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1424-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter R Voisin ◽  
Dong Ha Kim ◽  
Jun Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
School Success ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
School Bonding

Positive school bonding is a significant precursor to students’ school success. However, African American youth report lower school success compared with their White counterparts. This study examined correlates of school bonding among 633 African American youth who were recruited from community settings in Chicago. Major findings indicated that negative peer norms, exposure to community violence, and poor mental health were negatively correlated with school bonding, while parental monitoring, positive self-regard, and future orientation were correlated with higher school motivation. Students classified as having high or moderate school bonding were more likely to live with both parents, experience higher levels of parental monitoring, and exhibit positive self-regard. Implications are discussed in view of these findings.

“Broken windows”: Relationship between neighborhood conditions and behavioral health among low-income African American adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter R Voisin ◽  
Dong Ha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Broken Windows ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions

This study explored the association between neighborhood conditions and behavioral health among African American youth. Cross-sectional data were collected from 683 African American youth from low-income communities. Measures for demographics, neighborhood conditions (i.e. broken windows index), mental health, delinquency, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors were assessed. Major findings indicated that participants who reported poorer neighborhood conditions compared to those who lived in better living conditions were more likely to report higher rates of mental health problems, delinquency, substance use, and unsafe sexual behaviors. Environmental factors need to be considered when addressing the behavioral health of low-income African American youth.

scholarly journals Pathways linking family stress to youth delinquency and substance use: Exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy and future orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter R Voisin ◽  
Dong Ha Kim ◽  
Sarah M Bassett ◽  
Phillip L Marotta
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
The Relationship

African American adolescents in poorer neighborhoods experience significant sanctions related to drug use and delinquency. Parental stress (i.e. substance use, mental distress, and incarceration) is associated with youth drug use and delinquency. We examined whether high self-esteem and positive future orientation mediated parental stress and youth substance use and delinquency. Demographic, family stress, future orientation, self-esteem, and drug use data were collected from 578 youths. Major findings indicated that self-esteem mediated the relationship between family stress and both drug use and delinquency. Future mediated the relationship between family stress and delinquency. Resiliency factors may promote positive development for low-income youth.

scholarly journals Pathways for African American Success: Results of Three-Arm Randomized Trial to Test the Effects of Technology-Based Delivery for Rural African American Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velma McBride Murry ◽  
Cady Berkel ◽  
Misha N Inniss-Thompson ◽  
Marlena L Debreaux
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Group Condition

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a technology-based program to avert risky behaviors among rural African American youth. We hypothesized that the technology-based and group-based formats of the Pathways for African Americans Success (PAAS) program would lead to improvements in primary outcomes, and that the technology condition would perform at least as well as the group condition. Methods A three-arm Randomized Control Trial (RCT) ([N = 141] technology-based delivery, [N = 141] small group delivery, and [N = 136] literature control) was conducted with 421 sixth graders and their caregivers, Summer 2009–Fall 2012. Families were recruited from five rural counties in Tennessee and completed baseline, posttest [M = 14.5 (4.4) months after pretest] and long-term follow-up [M = 22.6 (3.7) months after posttest]. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test intervention-induced changes in both parents and youths’ primary outcomes (pretest to posttest) and on secondary targeted outcome, youth sexual risk, and substance use patterns (pretest to follow-up). Results Parents in the technology condition reported significant increases in strategies to reduce risk. Youth in the technology condition experienced a significant decline in intent to engage in risk behaviors and reduction in substance use and sexual risk behavior. Youth in the group condition experienced a significant increase in affiliation with deviant peers. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the ability of eHealth to improve parenting and reduce adolescent engagement in substance use and sexual risk behavior. Suggestions for dissemination in schools and health-care systems are offered.

scholarly journals Adolescents’ Religiousness and Substance Use Are Linked via Afterlife Beliefs and Future Orientation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1054-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Holmes ◽  
Jungmeen Kim-Spoon
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Afterlife Beliefs

Although religiousness has been identified as a protective factor against adolescent substance use, processes through which these effects may operate are unclear. The current longitudinal study examined sequential mediation of afterlife beliefs and future orientation in the relation between adolescent religiousness and cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Participants included 131 adolescents ([Formula: see text] age at Time 1 = 12 years) at three time points with approximately 2-year time intervals. Structural equation modeling indicated that higher religiousness at Time 1 was associated with higher afterlife beliefs at Time 2. Higher afterlife beliefs at Time 2 were associated with higher future orientation at Time 2, which in turn was associated with lower use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana at Time 3. Our findings highlight the roles of afterlife beliefs and future orientation in explaining the beneficial effects of religiousness against adolescent substance use.

Feeling Safe in a Dangerous Place: Exploring the Neighborhood Safety Perceptions of Low-Income African American Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Zuberi
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Safety Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety ◽  
Perceived Danger

Research shows that neighborhood safety is strongly associated with the health and well-being of adolescents. However, few studies examine what shapes these perceptions of safety, especially for adolescents who grow up in more dangerous neighborhoods. The present study explores what factors shape the neighborhood safety perceptions of a sample of low-income, African American adolescents aged 15 to 19 years ( n = 46) from Baltimore who lived in public housing as children. The study reveals the complexity in how adolescents perceive safety, especially among those living in dangerous neighborhoods. The results highlight the importance of the type of danger (e.g., drug activity vs. gun-related violence) and social connections in shaping neighborhood safety perceptions. Sample youth are more likely to report feeling safe when there is little perceived danger. In more dangerous neighborhoods, youth feel safe where there is low violence, they have protective social ties, and they can avoid perceived danger. However, social connections can also tie youth to violence and victimization, which threatens their perception of safety. This more nuanced understanding of youth perceptions of safety has implications for the ways in which neighborhoods affect adolescents and the role of housing policy in improving the well-being of low-income youth.

scholarly journals Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-734
Author(s):  
Tamika C. B. Zapolski ◽  
Tianyi Yu ◽  
Gene H. Brody ◽  
Devin E. Banks ◽  
Allen W. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Substance Use Initiation

AbstractCurrent adolescent substance use risk models have inadequately predicted use for African Americans, offering limited knowledge about differential predictability as a function of developmental period. Among a sample of 500 African American youth (ages 11–21), four risk indices (i.e., social risk, attitudinal risk, intrapersonal risk, and racial discrimination risk) were examined in the prediction of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette initiation during early (ages 11–13), mid (ages 16–18), and late (ages 19–21) adolescence. Results showed that when developmental periods were combined, racial discrimination was the only index that predicted initiation for all three substances. However, when risk models were stratified based on developmental period, variation was found within and across substance types. Results highlight the importance of racial discrimination in understanding substance use initiation among African American youth and the need for tailored interventions based on developmental stage.

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