Running head: Bail, Reform, and Foucault’s Dangerous Individual

Over 2.5 million people in the US are incarcerated annually for the sole reason that they cannot afford cash bail. This nearly exclusively affects the working-class, and disproportionately affects Black and brown individuals and communities. Whether someone is incarcerated pending trial affects employment, family stability, and even likelihood of conviction. Across the US, reform efforts are being considered and adopted, but in this paper, I use a political theory approach to argue that racial capitalist ideologies that construct the accused as specifically ‘dangerous’ impede just policy transformation. I start by centralizing Michel Foucault’s genealogy of the ‘dangerous individual’ as a frame for analyzing the logics and movement of the dangerous figure, and then re-situate the concept of the dangerous person in the contemporary US bail context. Ultimately, I argue that the dominance of oppressive ideologies in the bail discourse demonstrates the pervasive race and class biases that persist in the criminal justice apparatus, even in policy reform approaches that promise unbiased outcomes like algorithmic assessments.

Matrimonial property disputes

Matrimonial property plays an important role in achieving family stability and in building the society. Therefore, due attention must be given to the reality of the matrimonial property, how it is managed and the rules governing it when disputes about it arise to protect the financial rights of both spouses from any damage that can threaten the stability and development of the society. This study has a number of objectives that can bring about balance regarding the issue of matrimonial property, including: Reaching an accurate definition of matrimonial property, Laying down the rules and guidelines of matrimonial property, Clarifying the legal characterization of matrimonial property.

Matrimonial property between jurisprudence and reality

Matrimonial property plays an important role in achieving family stability and in building the society. Therefore, due attention must be given to the nature of matrimonial property, how it is managed and the guidelines governing it when disputes about it arise to protect the financial rights of both spouses from any damage that can threaten the stability and development of the society. Laws have been enacted in some Muslim countries like Tunisia and Malaysia to give a wife the right to have a share in the property acquired by her husband during the marriage. Thus, all the above prompted us to participate in highlighting this issue that was not discussed by classical jurists and to examine the types of wealth acquired during marriage and the ruling of each type in this research paper.

The housing problem in light of the Syrian crisis and its repercussions on family stability - A field study of the city of Jaramana in the Damascus countryside governorate -: مشكلة السكن في ظل الأزمة السورية وانعكاساتها على الاستقرار الأسري – دراسة ميدانية لمدينة جرمانا في محافظة ريف دمشق –

The study aimed to describe the reality of the housing problem that displaced families suffer from in the city of Jaramana in light of the Syrian crisis and to identify the economic and social repercussions of the housing problem on stability among the responses of the sample families about the implications of the housing problem on family stability according to a number of variables (education level of the Lord The family, the work of the head of the family, and the income of the family), and the study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, and a questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect information, and it was applied to a sample of the displaced families within the city of Jaramana in the Damascus countryside governorate, and the sample consisted of sixty displaced families. The study found several conclusions, including: the largest percentage of economic repercussions were the difficulty in obtaining housing, followed by the percentage of inability to secure family requirements and the inability to pay the monthly rent, and with regard to the social repercussions, the largest percentages were for the lower educational level of children and the lack of privacy in the relationship between spouses, Regarding to the conclusion the study it is recommended several recommendations, including: Building temporary housing units equipped with all the supplies and needs to be distributed to the displaced families to meet the urgent increases of the displaced and reduce the severity of housing rents.

Ideas and ideologies of the XXI century

The article interprets the modern concept of ideology based on various modernization ideas. It is shown that modern ideas have both a political (often militant), and a spiritual and moral, humanistic orientation. The features of conservatism and neoconservatism are also shown. The opinion that Russia cannot follow the Western path of development has begun to assert itself in the mass consciousness of Russians, as evidenced by the results of sociological surveys. Currently, the "Asian vector" prevails in Russia, suggesting "conservative" ideas and values - order, family, stability, strengthening the role of the state in all spheres of life, etc. Representatives of neoconservatism put forward the idea of freeing the economic sphere from state regulation. Today's ideological discourse concerns topical issues of the socio-cultural development of the country, forms and methods of social transformations, etc. Modern philosophers, sociologists, political scientists talk about the advent of the era of "modern" and "postmodern", but, at the same time, they often rely on classical ideological approaches. Religious ideology is considered in detail. Traditional confessions with great social and cultural authority have formulated holistic conceptual approaches in their new social doctrines, on the basis of which religious organizations can broadcast their ideas, carry out a dialogue on socially significant issues, making every possible use of the constructive part of the spiritual heritage of religions. In today's reality, there is a tendency to involve religious denominations and movements in modern forms of social and political participation.

The Stability Of Family As A Criterion Of Social Welfare

The article considers the influence of family stability on the life of society, describes the factors that ensure the success of family relations, the mechanisms of influence on society. Proposals were made that should be implemented to ensure the stability of society.

The ability to predict personality factors with a tendency to violence and its relationship to family security for a sample of the Kasbah of the capital, Amman: القدرة التنبؤية لعوامل الشخصية بالميل للعنف وعلاقته بالأمن الأسري لدى عينة من الآباء في قصبة العاصمة عمان

The present study aimed to reveal the extent to which personality factors predict the tendency towards violence and its relationship to family security, and the study adopted the predictive, relational, descriptive approach. The study sample consisted of (422) fathers aged between (55- 30) years from Al Mazar area in Karak Governorate, Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, the personality factors scale was used, the development of two scales (tendency towards violence and family security), and indicators of honesty and consistency were found and applied to the study individuals. A percentage (0.267) of the explained variance of the tendency towards violence and that the factor of openness to experience and alertness of conscience explained in its society a percentage (0.189) of the variance explained by family secure, The researcher presented a set of recommendations, including the necessity of conducting educational awareness programs for parents with methods of correct dealing and socialization, managing violence, developing counseling programs for parents in particular and families in general focusing on awareness of the characteristics of personality factors and their impact on family stability, holding workshops and organizing awareness campaigns for communities. The Arabic language in general, and the Jordanian in particular, and the definition of the impact of violence and its threat to family security and stability.

Convergence Analysis of the Hessian Estimation Evolution Strategy

The class of algorithms called Hessian Estimation Evolution Strategies (HE-ESs) update the covariance matrix of their sampling distribution by directly estimating the curvature of the objective function. The approach is practically efficient, as attested by respectable performance on the BBOB testbed, even on rather irregular functions. In this paper we formally prove two strong guarantees for the (1+4)-HE-ES, a minimal elitist member of the family: stability of the covariance matrix update, and as a consequence, linear convergence on all convex quadratic problems at a rate that is independent of the problem instance.

Reality of Islamic Law Dealing with the Phenomenon of Divorce in the Holy Qur’an

لم تكن الشريعة الإسلامية أوَّل الشرائع الدينية التي جاءت بالطلاق وتشريعه، ولكن الناظر المتأمل في ذلك يجد أنَّ الشريعة الإسلامية هي أوَّل الشرائع الإسلامية التي جاءت بنظام يكفل لكل من الزوجين حقوقهما، ويحفظ ويصون كرامتهما عند اتخاذ هذه الخطوة التي يشعر من خلالها الزوجين بالمصلحة العامة لهما، وأنَّ الطلاق في هذه الحالة بداية حياة جديدة، وليست نهاية الأمل في الحياة، وقد عنيت الشريعة الإسلامية كشأنها دائمًا في كل ما تقوم به من إصلاح وتقويم للأوضاع الاجتماعية من كل خلل يطرأ عليها، كذلك لم تجعل الشريعة الإسلامية الطلاق أداة للتلاعب بقدسية الزواج، وعدم الاستقرار العام للحياة الزوجية، ولكنها نظَّمت كل ما يتعلق بظاهرة الطلاق، سواء من ناحية الزوج أو من ناحية الزوجة. ومن ذلك تتضح مشكلة الدراسة في زيادة حالات الطلاق ومعدله في الوقت المعاصر، وخاصة في السنوات الأخيرة بشكل لم يكن متعارفًا عليه من قبل، وبشكل يبعث على القلق نحو استقرار الأسرة وتكوينها، ولاسيما إنَّ للطلاق عواقب غير محمودة وآثارًا سلبية على المستويين الفردي والاجتماعي سواء من ناحية الزوج أو الزوجة، أو الأبناء أو على المجتمع بعد ذلك. لذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان وتوضيح واقعية الشريعة الإسلامية لظاهرة وقوع الطلاق في القرآن الكريم، وذلك من خلال ضوابط قرآنية متبعة حرص الإسلام على الالتزام بها، من أجل الاستقرار الأسري، والمحافظة على الأسرة المسلمة من عوامل الانهيار، خاصة في ظل وجود العديد من الأسباب في المجتمعات في عصرنا الحاضر والتي تسهل وقوعه. وتقوم هذه الدراسة على توظيف المنهج الاستقرائي، وذلك في جمع المادة العلمية من خلال الآيات القرآنية، ومن ثمَّ الاستعانة بالمنهج التحليلي من أجل بيان وتوضيح تلك القضية وبيان واقعية الشريعة الإسلامية لهذه الظاهرة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج التي سعى الباحث في استخلاصها من خلال ما قدمه في منهج موضوعه العلمي وذلك في بيان اهتمام الشريعة الإسلامية بالأسرة، فقضية الطلاق من التكاليف والأحكام الشرعية التي تظهر داخل هذه القضية مظاهر العدل والتيسير في النصوص الدينية التي تُبين أحكام الطلاق في الإسلام، وتوضح من خلال ذلك شمولية الإسلام وواقعيته لقضية الطلاق مع ما يتناسب مع المنطق والواقع، وتراعي واقعية كلٍّ من الزوج والزوجة وكذلك الأولاد والأهل بعد ذلك دون جور أو ظلم لأي جانب من هذه الجوانب. الكلمات المفتاحية: الواقعية, الشريعة, الطلاق, الأسرة. Abstract Although Islamic law was not the first religion law to establish divorce and its regulation, the observer will discover that Islamic law is the first Islamic law to have a system that ensures each spouse's rights. When taking this step, it retains and maintains their dignity, and the spouses sense the general interest in them, and that divorce in this instance is the beginning of a new life, not the end of hope in life. Similarly, Islamic law did not use divorce to manipulate the sanctity of marriage and the overall instability of married life, but it did govern everything linked to divorce, whether on the side of the husband or the woman. The study's problem becomes clear in the rise in divorce cases and rates in modern times, particularly in recent years, in a way that was not previously recognized, and in a way that raises concerns about the stability and composition of the family, particularly that divorce has undesirable consequences and negative effects on the individual and social levels, On the one hand, there is the husband or wife, or the children, or the community, and on the other hand, there is the community. Therefore, this study aims to clarify and clarify the reality of Islamic law for the phenomenon of divorce in the Holy Qur’an, through Qur’anic controls followed by Islam’s keenness to adhere to them, for the sake of family stability, and preserving the Muslim family from the factors of collapse, especially in the presence of many reasons in societies in our time that facilitate its occurrence. As a result, the purpose of this research is to clarify and explain the reality of Islamic law for the phenomenon of divorce in the Holy Qur'an, through Qur'anic controls followed by Islam's eagerness to adhere to them, for the purpose of family stability and protecting the Muslim family against forces of collapse, particularly in light of the many circumstances in today's society that encourage its occurrence. This study is based on employing the inductive method, in collecting scientific material through the Qur’anic verses, and then using the analytical method in order to clarify and clarify this issue and to clarify the reality of Islamic law for this phenomenon. This research is focusing on utilizing the inductive approach to acquire scientific information from Qur'anic verses, and then using the analytical approach to clarify and explain this problem, as well as the reality of Islamic law in relation to this phenomenon. The study reached many results that the researcher sought to extract from what he presented in the methodology of his scientific subject in explaining the interest of Islamic law in the family. The study yielded several findings that the researcher hoped to derive from what he gave in his scientific subject's technique in describing the interest of Islamic law in the family. The issue of divorce is one of the costs and legal rulings that appear in this case, the manifestations of justice and facilitation in the religious texts that clarify the provisions of divorce in Islam, and thus clarify the comprehensiveness of Islam and its realism for the issue of divorce with what is commensurate with logic and reality, which in fact considers the realities of the husband and wife, as well as children and parents following This is done without bias or unfairness to any of these factors. Keywords: Realism, Sharia, Divorce, Family

The Reality of Islamic Law Dealing with the Phenomenon of Divorce in the Holy Qur’an

Although Islamic law was not the first religion law to establish divorce and its regulation, the observer will discover that Islamic law is the first Islamic law to have a system that ensures each spouse's rights. When taking this step, it retains and maintains their dignity, and the spouses sense the general interest in them, and that divorce in this instance is the beginning of a new life, not the end of hope in life. Similarly, Islamic law did not use divorce to manipulate the sanctity of marriage and the overall instability of married life, but it did govern everything linked to divorce, whether on the side of the husband or the woman. The study's problem becomes clear in the rise in divorce cases and rates in modern times, particularly in recent years, in a way that was not previously recognized, and in a way that raises concerns about the stability and composition of the family, particularly that divorce has undesirable consequences and negative effects on the individual and social levels, On the one hand, there is the husband or wife, or the children, or the community, and on the other hand, there is the community. Therefore, this study aims to clarify and clarify the reality of Islamic law for the phenomenon of divorce in the Holy Qur’an, through Qur’anic controls followed by Islam’s keenness to adhere to them, for the sake of family stability, and preserving the Muslim family from the factors of collapse, especially in the presence of many reasons in societies in our time that facilitate its occurrence. As a result, the purpose of this research is to clarify and explain the reality of Islamic law for the phenomenon of divorce in the Holy Qur'an, through Qur'anic controls followed by Islam's eagerness to adhere to them, for the purpose of family stability and protecting the Muslim family against forces of collapse, particularly in light of the many circumstances in today's society that encourage its occurrence. This study is based on employing the inductive method, in collecting scientific material through the Qur’anic verses, and then using the analytical method in order to clarify and clarify this issue and to clarify the reality of Islamic law for this phenomenon. This research is focusing on utilizing the inductive approach to acquire scientific information from Qur'anic verses, and then using the analytical approach to clarify and explain this problem, as well as the reality of Islamic law in relation to this phenomenon. The study reached many results that the researcher sought to extract from what he presented in the methodology of his scientific subject in explaining the interest of Islamic law in the family. The study yielded several findings that the researcher hoped to derive from what he gave in his scientific subject's technique in describing the interest of Islamic law in the family. The issue of divorce is one of the costs and legal rulings that appear in this case, the manifestations of justice and facilitation in the religious texts that clarify the provisions of divorce in Islam, and thus clarify the comprehensiveness of Islam and its realism for the issue of divorce with what is commensurate with logic and reality, which in fact considers the realities of the husband and wife, as well as children and parents following This is done without bias or unfairness to any of these factors.