scholarly journals Framing drug and alcohol use as a public health problem in Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Recent attempts to approach drug and alcohol problems as a public health issue in the UK and globally have begun to achieve some success. Yet, in historical terms, the idea that the use of psychoactive substances should be regarded as a public health problem is a relatively new one. In the UK, it was only in the latter half of the 20th century that what were termed “public health” approaches to alcohol and drugs began to gain purchase. Moreover, what was meant by a “public health” framing of psychoactive substance use changed over time and between substances. This article examines the development of public health approaches to drugs and alcohol in Britain since the 19th century. It suggests that a public health view of substance use existed alongside, and interacted with, other approaches to drug and alcohol use. To understand the meaning of a “public health” framing of drugs and alcohol we need to locate this in historical and geographical context.

scholarly journals Substance Use in Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-158
Author(s):  
Edore Onigu-Otite ◽  
Miju Kurtzweil ◽  
Veronica Tucci ◽  
Nidal Moukaddam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Background: Adolescent substance use is a dynamic public health problem. Adolescence is a unique developmental period involving overlapping biological, psychological, and social factors which increase the rates of initiation of substance use. The developing adolescent brain is particularly susceptible to the effects of substances and most adults with substance use disorders began to have symptoms and problems in their adolescent years. Yet, for various reasons, most adolescents who use, misuse, abuse, or are addicted to substances do not perceive the need for treatment. Objective: Drug and alcohol use among adolescents is a common presentation in hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) and presents in different forms including in association with intoxication, withdrawal states, or trauma associated with drug-related events. For many adolescents with substance use, the Emergency Department (ED) is the first point of contact with medical personnel and thus also serves as a potential entry point into treatment. Methods: This article reviews the common ways drug and alcohol problems present in the ED, clinical assessment of the patient and family, screening, laboratory testing, brief interventions in the ED, and referral to treatment beyond the ED. Conclusion: Guidelines on how to manage the shifting terrain of adolescent substance use presenting in EDs across the nation continue to evolve. We highlight that considerable further research is needed to inform effective ED protocols to address this important individual and public health safety concern. Systems of care models which include collaborative teams of diverse stake holders are needed to effectively manage adolescents with substance use disorders..

scholarly journals Making Choices and Reducing Risk (MCARR): School Counseling Primary Prevention of Substance Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-369
Author(s):  
Louisa L. Foss-Kelly ◽  
Margaret M. Generali ◽  
Michael J. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
School Community ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

The consequences of adolescent drug and alcohol use may be serious and far-reaching, forecasting problematic use or addictive behaviors into adulthood. School counselors are particularly well suited to understand the needs of the school community and to seamlessly deliver sustainable substance use prevention. This pilot study with 46 ninth-grade students investigates the impact of the Making Choices and Reducing Risk (MCARR) program, a drug and alcohol use prevention program for the school setting. The MCARR curriculum addresses general knowledge of substances and their related risks, methods for evaluating risk, and skills for avoiding or coping with drug and alcohol use. Using a motivational interviewing framework, MCARR empowers students to choose freely how they wish to behave in relation to drugs and alcohol and to contribute to the health of others in the school community. The authors hypothesized that the implementation of the MCARR curriculum would influence student attitudes, knowledge, and use of substances. Results suggest that the MCARR had a beneficial impact on student attitudes and knowledge. Further, no appreciable increases in substance use during the program were observed. Initial results point to the promise of program feasibility and further research with larger samples including assessment of longitudinal impact.

scholarly journals Low dietary calcium in European postmenopausal osteoporotic women

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bruyere ◽  
Caroline De Cock ◽  
Catherine Mottet ◽  
Audrey Neuprez ◽  
Olivier Malaise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveThe WHO recommends a daily Ca intake for postmenopausal women of 1300 mg. The objective of the present study was to assess the dietary Ca intake in European postmenopausal osteoporotic women.Design, setting and subjectsAssessment of dietary Ca intake (food and supplements) was performed with a validated self-questionnaire in 8524 osteoporotic women from nine European countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain and the UK).ResultsMean age of the patients was 74·2 (sd 7·1) years, mean BMI was 25·7 (sd 4·2) kg/m2. Of the study population, 37·2 % of the women took Ca supplements. The mean dietary intake of Ca was 930·7 (sd 422·9) mg/d. The lowest Ca intake was found in Hungary (586·7 (sd 319·1) mg/d) and the highest in Denmark (1145·6 (sd 463·0) mg/d). In the whole study population, only 19·1 % of the women had a dietary Ca intake >1300 mg/d. Only 17·1 % of women aged over 75 years achieved 1300 mg/d compared with 20·5 % of women aged less than 75 years (P = 0·0001 for the difference between the two groups).ConclusionDietary intake of Ca is very low in European postmenopausal women. A greater awareness is needed to resolve this public health problem.

Non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae bacteraemia: case report and review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1357-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Marek ◽  
Teresa Inkster ◽  
Eleanor Anderson ◽  
Claire Jenkins ◽  
John Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Uk

Vibrio cholerae is a serious public health problem worldwide, but in the UK, V. cholerae infections are rare. Here, we report a case of V. cholerae bacteraemia in an elderly patient. To our knowledge, this is the first non-travel-related V cholerae bacteraemia in the UK.

Integration of the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Screening Instrument Into School Nurse Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110095
Author(s):  
Anna Bourgault ◽  
LuAnn Etcher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses

Substance abuse in adolescents has been recognized as a public health problem at the national and global levels. Adolescents are at risk for experimenting with substances. School nurses in secondary schools are well positioned to screen and counsel students on substance use. In this project, school nurses’ self-efficacy levels increased in using the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) process posteducation, and SBIRT was integrated into school nurses’ practice. Initiatives aimed at stopping or preventing substance use are beneficial for a healthy society.

Variation in Drug and Alcohol Use among Agricultural Laborers: Watermelon Men in the Rural South

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bletzer ◽  
Norman Weatherby
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Agricultural Laborers ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Agricultural workers in general face the impact of daily structural and symbolic violence, which can lead to excessive use of drugs and alcohol. "Watermelon Men" who dedicate themselves to watermelon harvesting have high use levels owing to the way that accommodations and work are organized over a labor-intensive short season. This article combines data from a risk assessment of 681 individuals in a winter home-base community and multi-site ethnography that generated interviews with 140 individuals to discuss factors that lead to excessive drug and alcohol use during peak season in high-wage crops such as watermelon.

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