Devolution, not decarceration: The limits of juvenile justice reform in Texas

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cate
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Community Based ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Across the USA, a number of states have been reducing the number of juveniles sent to state-run corrections institutions. Findings from a case study on juvenile justice in Texas indicate that the effort to reduce the number of juveniles sent to large state institutions and to invest in “community-based corrections” has entrenched rather than challenged the role of the justice system in the lives of thousands of juveniles. Texas has cut the number of juveniles sent to state-run facilities, but has bolstered and expanded county probation and county detention, which is where the vast majority of juveniles have always been handled. Youth who continue to be sent to state-run facilities or who are housed in county-run institutions experience a high level of violence and are routinely subjected to solitary confinement. The popularity of deinstitutionalizing juveniles from state-run corrections institutions and increasing programming and control of offenders at the local level are animating the landscape of criminal justice policy across the country. The Texas case suggests that this narrow approach further consolidates the extensive role of the justice system in U.S. society.

The accountability process during the centrality of state institutional logics: a case from an African rural context

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Diab
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
African Context ◽  
And Control

PurposeThis study investigates state institutions' influence on corporate accountability and control practices in a rural African context. Exploring the different rationales behind state existence in the context of sugar production in Egypt, this work clarifies how accountability is practised differently in the case of the high centrality of state logics in the business sector.Design/methodology/approachTheoretically, the study draws insights from the institutional logics perspective. Following the case study approach, data are collected through interviews, observations and documents.FindingsThe study found that state institutions can play a supportive rather than a mere constraining role in the management, accountability and control processes. Notably, it clarified how state-related institutions were highly central and influential in a way that enabled them to curb the (negative) influences of the community and business institutions. In this context, it is social – rather than functional – accountability which emerges as the central control practice to achieve answerability and enforcement.Originality/valueThus, this study's reported findings confirm the role of institutional (political) logics as supportive in society.

Should We Give Up Reform?

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley M. Hufstedler
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
National Council ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Crime And Delinquency

This article is an expanded version of an address given before the 1984 Conference: “Rethinking Juvenile Justice,” sponsored by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency. The article traces the evolution of the Juvenile Court and discusses the pressures placed upon the juvenile justice system at the same time it punishes, incapacitates and reforms youthful offenders. The author challenges juvenile justice planners to develop humane, cost-effective, and community-based alternatives as a means of reducing the current confusion over the proper role of the juvenile court.

Young Offenders, ‘Secure Colleges’ and Reforming Criminals

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

The UK government has decided on a policy goal that is set out in the Criminal Justice and Courts Bill 2014. This goal is to invest in ‘Secure Colleges’, which are institutions planned to make young criminals ‘better citizens not better criminals’. The question is: What is the role of punishment: deterrence, incapacitation or rehabilitation? This article considers the juvenile justice system in Scotland with reference to the objectives set out in the Kilbrandon Report in 1964 and evaluates the perspective of early criminologists who state that offenders exercise a free choice in embarking on a life of crime. It is also evaluated in the light of those empirical studies that expose the harsh discipline and control in prisons as ‘oppressive’ and not likely to reform the offenders. The UK policy regarding young offenders underwent a change after the James Bulger murder in 1993 and became a deterrence-based approach. This has led to measures on both sides of the border which were retributive, such as the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility and the early intervention of probation services. This article considers the modern themes of juvenile justice and argues that the ‘Secure Colleges’ will be a corrective institution that should inculcate a more informed policy towards reintegration for the young offenders so that they emerge from the criminal justice system as improved citizens after completing their sentence.

scholarly journals Victim’s interests and the role of probation officers in victim-offender mediation: Theoretical analysis and the Greek juvenile justice system

Temida ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-106
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Panagos
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Third Party ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Mediation Process

The present paper focuses on the role of probation officers for juvenile offenders in victim-offender mediation and on the main challenges for the protection of victims? interests. The general nature of probation officers? duties has been characterized as ?offender-focused?. However, according to the Directive 2012/29/EU, restorative justice includes processes through which the victim and the offender can participate actively in resolving the problems that occur from the offence, with the help of an impartial third party. The Greek juvenile justice system will be examined as a case study. The analysis reveals that the Greek legislator has adopted a ?quasi-restorative? practice that promotes juvenile offenders? rehabilitation and socialization. This fact raises concerns regarding the ?legitimation? of mediation process from a victimological perspective. Special emphasis is given to the significance of the informed consent that should be provided by the victims in order to participate in the process based on the procedural justice theory.

scholarly journals The Enabling Role of Digital Technologies in Sustainability Accounting: Findings from Norwegian Manufacturing Companies

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Olena Klymenko ◽  
Lise Lillebrygfjeld Halse ◽  
Bjørn Jæger
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Sustainability Accounting ◽  
And Control

Sustainability accounting is an emerging research area receiving growing awareness. This study examines the role of digital technology in manufacturing companies’ sustainability accounting. To guide the research, we use a triple layered business model canvas, which supports the accounting of a manufacturer’s performance for the economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability. We present an explorative case study of four Norwegian manufacturing companies representing different industries. The findings from the study indicate that while accounting for economic values is well taken care of, companies do not perform comprehensive environmental and social accounting. Furthermore, we observed a shift from a focus on sustainability issues related to the internal manufacturing process to a focus on sustainability issues for the life cycle of the product. Even though the manufacturers are at the forefront with regard to automation and control of production, with extensive use of robots giving a large amount of data, these data are not utilized towards sustainability accounting, showing that sustainability and digitalization are seen as two separate phenomena. This study sheds light on how digital data available from applied Industry 4.0 technologies could enhance sustainability accounting with limited efforts, linking sustainability and digitalization. The results provide insights for manufacturers and researchers in moving towards more sustainable operations and products.

scholarly journals Biotech/GM crops in horticulture: plum cv. HoneySweet resistant to Plum pox virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S43-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polák ◽  
J. Kumar ◽  
B. Krška ◽  
M. Ravelonandro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Public Sector Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Commercialisation of Biotech/GM (Biotech) crops started in 1995. Not only field crops, but also horticultural transgenic crops are under development and are beginning to be commercialised. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionise fruit tree breeding. The development of transgenic fruit cultivars is in progress. Over the past 20 years an international public sector research team has collaborated in the development of HoneySweet plum which is highly resistant to Plum pox virus (PPV) the most devastating disease of plums and other stone fruits. HoneySweet was deregulated in the USA in 2010. HoneySweet (aka C5) has been evaluated for eleven years (2002–2012) in a regulated field trial in the CzechRepublic for the resistance to PPV, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), all of them being serious diseases of plum. Even under the high and permanent infection pressure produced through grafting, PPV has only been detected in HoneySweet trees in several leaves and fruits situated close to the point of inoculum grafting. The lack of infection spread in HoneySweet demonstrates its high level of PPV resistance. Co-infections of PPV with PDV and/or ACLSV had practically no influence on the quantity and quality of HoneySweet fruit which are large, sweet, and of a high eating quality. In many respects, they are superior to the fruits of the well-known cultivar Stanley. Many fruit growers and fruit tree nurseries in the CzechRepublic are supportive of the deregulation of HoneySweet plum to help improve the plum production and control the spread of PPV.

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Nicolay T. Labyntsev ◽  
Lyubov F. SHILOVA ◽  
Ocsana V. Chukhrova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

This article revises the mission and the name of the accounting profession in the context of strengthening the economic security of enterprises under the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The authors note that in the contemporary conditions of economic management, enterprises should form and ensure the functioning of the economic security of the enterprise at the proper level. The necessity of in-depth research of economic security at microlevel was considered, the factors influencing the stability of the enterprise were highlighted. High level of economic security of the subject of management consists in guaranteeing him maximum effective and stable functioning now and in future. Subjects of economic security were individual enterprises, and objects — their economic interests. The main goals of ensuring economic security of the enterprise in the part of accounting were singled out, the tasks of accounting policy, aimed at ensuring economic security, were determined. The prospects of the accounting profession in the process of ensuring economic security and reliable safe presentation of the results of doing business in reporting are substantiated. The study contains proposals on the revision of requirements for the qualifications of accountants in order to emphasize their activities aimed at strengthening the economic security of the enterprise.

scholarly journals Additional Benefits of Community Managed Forest: A Case Study of Champadevi Community Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Bhanu B Panthi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Community Based

This research attempts to identify the existing condition of the community managed forest based on the assumption that it will serve as a proxy for the condition of other forests in the mid hills region of Nepal. The research area has an atypical variation in altitude and diverse pattern of vegetation. This study mainly focuses on estimating carbon content in the forest and identifying the species that has more carbon storage capacity. The research signifies the role of forests in mitigation of ‘Global warming’ and ‘Climate change’ by storing carbon in tree biomass. These types of community based forest management programs are significant for their additional carbon sequestration through the avoidance of deforestation and degradation. The carbon sequestration have a significant contribution to environmental benefits, any shrinkage of forests have an enormous impact on CO2 emission with long term consequences. Thus, the development and expansion of community managed forests provide many benefits to the adjacent community and globally at large.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6490 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 127-32 

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