scholarly journals Moving beyond voice in children and young people’s participation

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Youth Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Community Decision

This paper introduces research that challenges decision-makers to listen to and act upon children and young people’s evidence. The data come from revisits, 10 years after research ended, to participatory action research processes in Nepal and the UK in which children and young people's (CYP) voices and opinions were surfaced for community decision makers. I sought to understand if and how children and youth input was valued and acted upon by adults. Each case rested on the same value proposition: that inclusion of children and youth is critical to participatory democracy and so incorporating their views can move societies towards improved policies and services for CYP and a culture of mutual respect in intergenerational relationships. The paper focuses on Nepal but draws on analysis across the cases. The revisit revealed that decision-makers in some – but not all – cases were influenced by children and youth. Building on the positive cases, the article describes a tool and process – the Change-scape Framework – that facilitates intergenerational dialogue. It helps link child and youth agency and insights to community decision-making and wider social change. The framework provides a CYP focus to PAR. Creating participatory spaces and building dialogue and trust between children and adults are necessary preconditions for child and youth-centered transformational change.

Response to: Moving beyond voice in children and young people’s participation

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Andrea Rodericks
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Short Essay

This short essay is a response to the article, “Moving beyond voice in children and young people’s participation” for the Action Research Journal’s Special Issue on Development, Aid and Social Transformation. The referenced article presents research from revisits, 10 years after research ended, to participatory action research processes in Nepal and the UK in which children and young people’s voices were surfaced. The revisits sought to understand how children and youth input was valued and acted upon. In this essay, the author responds to findings from the revisits and their relevance for development practitioners who aim to contribute to transformational change. Drawing on an example from India, the essay highlights the value of inter-generational dialogue, and children and young people owned knowledge surfaced through participatory action research to support processes of transformational and emancipatory social change. It draws attention to challenges faced in the use of this knowledge by decision makers.

Medical treatment and best interests: judicial interpretation of values, wishes and beliefs under the Mental Capacity Act 2005

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Owen P. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Mental Capacity Act 2005 ◽  
Mental Capacity Act ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The prominence of the best interests principle in the Mental Capacity Act 2005 represented an important transition to a more resolutely patient-centred model regarding decision-making for incapable adults (“P”). This paper aims to examine the courts’ consideration of P’s values, wishes and beliefs in the context of medical treatment, reflect on whether this has resulted in a wide interpretation of the best interests standard and consider how this impacts clinical decision makers. Design/methodology/approach A particular focus will be on case law from the Court of Protection of England and Wales and the Supreme Court of the UK. Cases have been selected for discussion on the basis of the significance of their judgements for the field, the range of issues they illustrate and the extent of commentary and attention they have received in the literature. They are presented as a narrative review and are non-exhaustive. Findings With respect to values, wishes and beliefs, the best interests standard’s interpretation in the courts has been widely varied. Opposing tensions and thematic conflicts have emerged from this case law and were analysed from the perspective of the clinical decision maker. Originality/value This review illustrates the complexity and gravity of decisions of the clinical decision makers and the courts have considered in the context of best interests determinations for incapacitated adults undergoing medical treatment. Subsequent to the first such case before the Supreme Court of the UK, emerging case law trends relating to capacity legislation are considered.

scholarly journals Food Democracy for All? Developing a Food Hub in the Context of Socio-Economic Deprivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Prost
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food System ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Food Hub ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Food Democracy

This article proposes a localised and differentiated understanding of food democracy, or rather a plurality of localised food democracies. Based on the experiences of developing a local food hub in an area of socio-economic deprivation in the UK using a participatory action research (PAR) approach, it presents local responses to three key challenges derived from the literature. It argues that for civic food networks (CFNs) to contribute to a transition towards a food democracy, they need to address challenges of: 1) balancing ethical aspirations for environmental sustainability, social justice, as well as community and individual health; 2) developing the skills required for participation in CFNs; and 3) achieving wider impact on food system transformation beyond niche solutions. The responses, or tactics, presented in this article include flexible ethical standards responding to community needs, accessible participation focusing on relationships rather than skills, and a focus on local impact while striving to collaborate and network with other organisations. It thus frames food democracy as a plurality of approaches to build and replicate CFNs. The article positions PAR with its democratic and localised approach to address real-world problems as uniquely suited to navigate the challenges of CFNs. It also discusses the role of researchers in initiating, facilitating, and shaping such processes of food system democratisation as engaged actors.

Exploring Funding in Higher Education Sector in Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Mouza Said Al Kalbani ◽  
Ahmad Bintouq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk

Funding of higher education institutions is a major growing expense for the Oman government (13–14% of the total spending in 2016) and is at par with that of other governments (e.g., 11% in the UK and 15.5% in the US). However, there has been little investigation into the funding of quality higher education in Oman. The present research project aims to explore the sources of funding at Oman universities after it opened the private education sector in 1996. The research methodology includes conducting interviews with leaders in higher education to explore different types of funding (e.g., gifts, tuition fees, government support). This will enhance our understanding, as well as that of decision-makers, regarding universities' funding sources and of the higher education landscape.

scholarly journals Measuring commissioners’ willingness-to-pay for community based childhood obesity prevention programmes using a discrete choice experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. D. Webb ◽  
Elizabeth Stamp ◽  
Michelle Collinson ◽  
Amanda J. Farrin ◽  
June Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background In the UK, rates of childhood obesity remain high. Community based programmes for child obesity prevention are available to be commissioned by local authorities. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding how programmes are commissioned and which attributes of programmes are valued most by commissioners. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that decision-makers prioritise when commissioning programmes that target childhood obesity prevention. Methods An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to survey commissioners and decision makers in the UK to assess their willingness-to-pay for childhood obesity programmes. Results A total of 64 commissioners and other decision makers completed the DCE. The impact of programmes on behavioural outcomes was prioritised, with participants willing to pay an extra £16,600/year if average daily fruit and vegetable intake increased for each child by one additional portion. Participants also prioritised programmes that had greater number of parents fully completing them, and were willing to pay an extra £4810/year for every additional parent completing a programme. The number of parents enrolling in a programme (holding the number completing fixed) and hours of staff time required did not significantly influence choices. Conclusions Emphasis on high programme completion rates and success increasing children’s fruit and vegetable intake has potential to increase commissioning of community based obesity prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Creating allegiance: leading transformational change within the NHS

BMJ Leader ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Tweed ◽  
Andrew Singfield ◽  
Julia R A Taylor ◽  
Lucy Gilbert ◽  
Paul Mount
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
System Level ◽  
Senior Leaders ◽  
Template Analysis ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Healthcare Transformation

BackgroundWithin the UK National Health Service (NHS) the move to Sustainable Transformation Plans/Partnerships and Integrated Care Systems reflect the increasing need and expectation for transformational change at a system level across both health and social care boundaries. Transformational change is complex, emergent and dynamic requiring new, non-traditional forms of leadership which are highly relational and persuasive.Aim of the studyThe current study aimed to explore a small number of NHS senior leaders’ experiences of undertaking transformational change within their localities over a period of a year following participation in a national transformational change programme designed to enhance personal capabilities.MethodFour pairs of leaders working on different change programmes took part in the study and were interviewed at three time points about their approach to their change work. The data were analysed qualitatively using template analysis.ResultsA core theme of Creating Allegiance to an Emergent Future World was developed. The senior leaders created allegiance to the transformational change through a process of Connecting on three levels: relational, with purpose and vision and through practice. Allegiance creation was attempted even if the transformational change work at the year-end was deemed successful or not.ConclusionsThe study highlights the types of leadership behaviours employed by the participants reflecting the complexity and social construction of their transformational work. The findings provide further evidence to the existing system leadership literature as well as emphasising the importance of creating stakeholder, multilevel buy-in to healthcare transformation.

scholarly journals Managing risk for auto warranties

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1105
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Aljazea ◽  
Shaomin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Customer Dissatisfaction ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Warranty Costs ◽  
Warranty Service ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to analyse the existing work of warranty risk management (WaRM); second, to develop a generic WaRM framework; and third, to design a generic taxonomy for warranty hazards from a warranty chain perspective. Design/methodology/approach To understand the top warranty hazards, the authors designed a questionnaire, received 40 responses from the warranty decision makers (WDM) in the automotive industry in the UK and then analysed the responses. Findings The assembly process capability at suppliers is the top contributor to warranty incidents from the suppliers’ and original equipment manufacturers’ (OEMs’) viewpoints. The human error at different stages of the product lifecycle contributes to the occurrence of warranty incidents. The collaboration among parties, particularly, the accessibility to warranty-related data between parties (i.e. suppliers, OEM and dealers), is limited. Customers’ fraud contributes more to warranty costs than warranty services providers’ fraud. The top contributors to customer dissatisfaction relating to warranty are the warranty service time and service quality. Research limitations/implications The questionnaires were used to collect data in the UK, which implies the research outcomes of this paper may only reflect the UK area. Practical implications The WaRM framework and taxonomy proposed in this paper provide WDM with a holistic view to identifying the top contributors to warranty incidents. With them, the decision makers will be able to allocate the required fund and efforts more effectively. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by providing the first work of systematically analysing the top contributors to warranty incidents and costs and by providing a WaRM framework.

scholarly journals Marine spatial planning in the UK: A review of the progress and effectiveness of the plans and their policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Michelle Slater ◽  
Jim Claydon
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Plan Making ◽  
Marine Planning ◽  
Coastal Access

Ten years after the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 that introduced marine planning to UK, this article investigates the progress and effectiveness of marine plans. It identifies that initial plans are still being produced in parts of the UK. Scotland has led the way with a National Marine Plan that has already been reviewed. England’s approach has been to produce a sequence of regional plans with two adopted. Wales adopted its National Marine Plan in November 2019 and Northern Ireland’s national marine plans are under preparation. The article examines the effectiveness of the plans through a framework informed by implementation theory assuming that plan-making indicates a ‘top-down’ approach to policy. The plans and their policies are assessed to draw reflections on the soundness of the documents. Marine licensing decisions are considered to assess the extent to which they reflect adopted policies. Limited evidence of the explicit influence of policies in those decisions was established. The findings were supplemented by interviews with key actors including applicants. This revealed a culture of conciliation and cooperation among decision-makers. Analysis and reflection led to positive and challenging conclusions for the future development of marine plan-making in the UK and elsewhere.

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