scholarly journals Effects of Visual Display and Motion System Delays on Operator Performance and Uneasiness in a Driving Simulator

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Frank ◽  
John G. Casali ◽  
Walter W. Wierwille
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Operator Performance ◽  
Motion System ◽  
System A ◽  
Performance Examination

The role of visual-motion coupling delays and cueing order on operator performance and uneasiness was assessed in a driving simulator by means of a response surface methodology central-composite design. The most salient finding of the study was that visual delay appears to be more disruptive to an individual's control performance and well-being than motion delay. Empirical multiple regression models were derived to predict 10 reliable measures of simulator operator driving performance and comfort. Principal components analysis on these 10 models decomposed the dependent measures into two significant models which were labeled vestibular disruption and degraded performance. Examination of the empirical models revealed that, for asynchronous delay conditions, better performance and well-being were achieved when the visual system led the motion system. A secondary analysis of the role of subject gender and perceptual style on susceptibility to simulator sickness revealed that neither of these independent variables was a significant source of variance.

Associations of caregiver-oncologist discordance in prognostic understanding with caregiver-reported therapeutic alliance and anxiety.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
Kah Poh Loh ◽  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Ronald M. Epstein ◽  
Supriya Gupta Mohile ◽  
Holly Gwen Prigerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
System A ◽  
Caregiver Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clinical Trial Information

15 Background: Discordance in prognostic understanding between caregivers of adults with cancer and the patient’s oncologist is common. However, the relationship between caregiver-oncologist discordance and caregiver bereavement outcomes is unknown. We evaluated the associations of caregiver-oncologist discordance in beliefs about the patient’s curability and life expectancy with caregiver-reported therapeutic alliance and anxiety. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter study that assessed the effect of a communication intervention among patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Prior to intervention exposure, caregivers and oncologists were asked about their belief in the patient’s chances for cure and living ≥2 years: 100%, about 90%, about 75%, about 50/50, about 25%, about 10%, and 0%. Discordance was defined as a difference by 2 response levels on each prognostic understanding item. Outcomes at 7 months after patient death included caregiver-reported therapeutic alliance [modified 5-item Human Connection (THC) scale] and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the independent associations of discordance with therapeutic alliance and anxiety. Results: We included 97 caregivers (mean age 63, range 22-83). Approximately 40% of caregiver-oncologist dyads had discordant beliefs about curability (caregivers were more optimistic in 100% of dyads) and 63% had discordant beliefs about life expectancy (caregivers were more optimistic in 94% of dyads). On multivariate analysis, discordance in beliefs about prognostic estimates was associated with lower THC score (b = -6.94, SE 3.17, p = 0.03). Discordance in beliefs about curability was associated with lower anxiety levels (b = -1.79, SE 0.90, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Caregiver-oncologist discordance may decrease caregiver-reported therapeutic alliance and anxiety, both of which may shape how caregivers interact with the healthcare system. A better understanding the role of caregivers’ prognostic understanding will guide interventions to improve caregiver-oncologist therapeutic alliance and caregiver anxiety. Clinical trial information: NCT01485627.

scholarly journals Evaluating Long-term Outcomes of NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS): a prospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (95) ◽  
pp. 1-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Dobbie ◽  
Rosemary Hiscock ◽  
Jo Leonardi-Bee ◽  
Susan Murray ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioural Support ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking Services

BackgroundNHS Stop Smoking Services (SSSs) provide free at the point of use treatment for smokers who would like to stop. Since their inception in 1999 they have evolved to offer a variety of support options. Given the changes that have happened in the provision of services and the ongoing need for evidence on effectiveness, the Evaluating Long-term Outcomes for NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS) study was commissioned.ObjectivesThe main aim of the study was to explore the factors that determine longer-term abstinence from smoking following intervention by SSSs. There were also a number of additional objectives.DesignThe ELONS study was an observational study with two main stages: secondary analysis of routine data collected by SSSs and a prospective cohort study of service clients. The prospective study had additional elements on client satisfaction, well-being and longer-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use.SettingThe setting for the study was SSSs in England. For the secondary analysis, routine data from 49 services were obtained. For the prospective study and its added elements, nine services were involved. The target population was clients of these services.ParticipantsThere were 202,804 cases included in secondary analysis and 3075 in the prospective study.InterventionsA combination of behavioural support and stop smoking medication delivered by SSS practitioners.Main outcome measuresAbstinence from smoking at 4 and 52 weeks after setting a quit date, validated by a carbon monoxide (CO) breath test.ResultsJust over 4 in 10 smokers (41%) recruited to the prospective study were biochemically validated as abstinent from smoking at 4 weeks (which was broadly comparable with findings from the secondary analysis of routine service data, where self-reported 4-week quit rates were 48%, falling to 34% when biochemical validation had occurred). At the 1-year follow-up, 8% of prospective study clients were CO validated as abstinent from smoking. Clients who received specialist one-to-one behavioural support were twice as likely to have remained abstinent than those who were seen by a general practitioner (GP) practice and pharmacy providers [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 4.6]. Clients who received group behavioural support (either closed or rolling groups) were three times more likely to stop smoking than those who were seen by a GP practice or pharmacy providers (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 6.7). Satisfaction with services was high and well-being at baseline was found to be a predictor of abstinence from smoking at longer-term follow-up. Continued use of NRT at 1 year was rare, but no evidence of harm from longer-term use was identified from the data collected.ConclusionsStop Smoking Services in England are effective in helping smokers to move away from tobacco use. Using the 52-week CO-validated quit rate of 8% found in this study, we estimate that in the year 2012–13 the services supported 36,249 clients to become non-smokers for the remainder of their lives. This is a substantial figure and provides one indicator of the ongoing value of the treatment that the services provide. The study raises a number of issues for future research including (1) examining the role of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in smoking cessation for service clients [this study did not look at e-cigarette use (except briefly in the longer-term NRT study) but this is a priority for future studies]; (2) more detailed comparisons of rolling groups with other forms of behavioural support; (3) further exploration of the role of practitioner knowledge, skills and use of effective behaviour change techniques in supporting service clients to stop smoking; (4) surveillance of the impact of structural and funding changes on the future development and sustainability of SSSs; and (5) more detailed analysis of well-being over time between those who successfully stop smoking and those who relapse. Further research on longer-term use of non-combustible nicotine products that measures a wider array of biomarkers of smoking-related harm such as lung function tests or carcinogen metabolites.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme. The UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies provided funding for the longer-term NRT study.

The Crowdfunding Communities and the Value of Identification for Sustainability of Co-Creation

Crowdsourcing ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1124-1143
Author(s):  
Melek Demiray ◽  
Yonca Aslanbay
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
System A ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Visibility ◽  
The Individual

For a sustainable future, the actors of the market need a change in spirit that will elevate the life-chances of people by being an “empowered part” of the economic system. A participative, open knowledge economic and market system that will ensure the material well-being, the social visibility, the happiness and the consciousness of the individual is essential. Crowdfunding, as a recent online social community network market model is to be a new socio-technical system of co-creation through self “making and funding”. The aim of this study is to discuss the role of identification in co-creation for sustainability of newly rising crowdfunding communities. In line with this objective, the following two aspects are clarified: the key characteristics of crowdfunding platforms as online communities and the role of identification for co-creation in online crowdfunding communities.

The Crowdfunding Communities and the Value of Identification for Sustainability of Co-Creation

2017 ◽  
pp. 155-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Demiray ◽  
Yonca Aslanbay
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
System A ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Visibility ◽  
The Individual

For a sustainable future, the actors of the market need a change in spirit that will elevate the life-chances of people by being an “empowered part” of the economic system. A participative, open knowledge economic and market system that will ensure the material well-being, the social visibility, the happiness and the consciousness of the individual is essential. Crowdfunding, as a recent online social community network market model is to be a new socio-technical system of co-creation through self “making and funding”. The aim of this study is to discuss the role of identification in co-creation for sustainability of newly rising crowdfunding communities. In line with this objective, the following two aspects are clarified: the key characteristics of crowdfunding platforms as online communities and the role of identification for co-creation in online crowdfunding communities.

scholarly journals TASKS AND EDUCATION RESOURCES OF ADOLESCENTS WHO ASSIST WITH CAREGIVING FOR A FAMILY MEMBER WITH DEMENTIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S466-S466
Author(s):  
Jennifer Perion ◽  
April Ames ◽  
Victoria Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Education Resources ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Adolescent Caregivers

Abstract An abundance of research involving adults who care for family members with dementia has guided the creation of supportive programs/services. Much less is known about adolescents who are dementia caregivers. This descriptive secondary analysis utilized data collected during a qualitative examination into the psychological well-being of adolescent dementia caregivers. Eleven adolescent/adult dyads who provided dementia care for a family member completed surveys prior to the adolescents’ participation in focus groups. Five male and six female adolescents ages 12 to 17 and eleven female adults were asked similar questions about caregiving tasks, education resources, and demographic information. Using descriptive statistics, the results of the surveys provide a snapshot of caregiving among a group of adolescents living in northwest Ohio and highlight differences reported by the dyads. Adult accounts of adolescent preparatory education were incongruent with the adolescents’ and did not report their use of books or online caregiving resources. Conversely, three adults (27%), but no adolescents, identified hands-on and observational opportunities as education resources. Adults reported greater adolescent involvement in ten activities of daily living (71%), especially related to bathing, shopping, transportation, and managing medication and finances. Adolescents reported helping with tasks such as eating and laundry more often than adults. While the sample size was small, these findings suggest a need for triangulation when seeking knowledge about adolescent caregiving. These results may inform researchers wishing to investigate the role of adolescent caregivers, as well as guide supportive agencies who provide education materials to families caring for individuals with dementia.

The Role of Gait Speed in Dementia: A Secondary Analysis from the SABE Colombia Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes ◽  
Isabel Márquez ◽  
Daniel Vasquez ◽  
David Aguillon ◽  
Miguel G. Borda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Gait speed (GS) is a predictor of negative outcomes in older adults and in those in risk to develop cognitive impairment; as such, it has been associated with dementia. Studies in Latin-American older adults showing this association are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GS and dementia in a representative sample of Colombian older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study is a secondary analysis from the Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging, SABE (from initials in Spanish: Salud, Bienestar &amp; Envejecimiento) Colombia’s survey conducted in 2015 with a sample of 23,694 elderly adults aged 60 years or older. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 19,470 participants from the SABE Colombia survey were available for analysis. The multivariate analysis shows that dementia was associated with slow GS (PR 2.39; CI 1.91–3.01) independently to the other variables (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Similarly, GS as a continuous variable shows a statistically significant association with dementia in the adjusted analysis (OR 0.06; CI 0.04–0.09; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Dementia was associated with slow GS. This finding provides evidence to include GS as a complementary parameter in the assessment of Colombian elderly adults.

scholarly journals Solidarity-based welfare in the system of educational relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Corriero
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
System A ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Experience Of Change ◽  
Welfare Model

The Covid-19 Pandemic effects invites us to reflect and rethink of our model of welfare state. What type of welfare model? The content of this contribution is to suggest a different point of view on welfare, through a supportive, generative and pedagogical approach, renewed attention on inequalities from a prospective of inclusion, sustainability and care of human beings. Forced isolation induced by COVID-19 pandemic dramatically impacted individuals' well-being, isolation, pain, loneliness and shock has raised awareness of the essential values both on men and women, the importance of inclusiveness and pedagogical generativity. It can be said that this was in some ways a spiritual experience, helpful in rediscovering humanity in man, which recalled that ex malo bonum, good can come from something bad, but, as St. Augustine himself argued: bad moments can bring out the good "if you work on it", consciously. It is by working exactly on this awareness, without refusing this intense emotional experience of change, that can be found the pedagogical transformative space and the role of educational relations and of the educator in the welfare system; a new idea of ​​governance of capacities, an opportunity for the development of a welfare society for the well-being of individuals and Communities.

The Role of Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems During Childhood in the Development of ADHD in Adolescence: Findings From a Population-Based Birth Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Xavier Carpena ◽  
Tiago N. Munhoz ◽  
Mariana Otero Xavier ◽  
Luis Augusto Rohde ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Markers

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between sleep in early life and ADHD in adolescence. As a secondary analysis, we tested whether the associations may be specific to ADHD. Method: Data from 3,467 participants of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were used. Information on their sleep duration and problems was collected at 12, 24, and 48 months of age. ADHD diagnosis and hyperactivity/inattention problems were assessed with the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) among participants at 11 years of age. Results: Difficulty going to sleep at 24 months, nightmares at 24 months and at 48 months, and restless sleep at 48 months were consistently associated with ADHD as well as with other mental disorders. Conclusion: The results suggest that sleep disturbances may be more important ADHD predictors than sleep duration or sleep duration trajectories. However, it may also be considered early markers of other mental disorders.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

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