Cytokeratins in the Histological Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Merkel Cells ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Serological Tumor

Cytokeratins, which comprise a multigene family of 20 related polypeptides (CKs 1–20), are constituents of the intermediate filaments of epithelial cells, in which they are expressed in various combinations depending on the epithelial type and the degree of differentiation. Of these, CK 19 (400 amino acids; 44.1 kilodaltons) is an example of a widely distributed CK, being expressed in various epithelia, including many simple epithelia. In contrast, the recently identified CK 20 (424 amino acids; 48.6 kilodaltons) is essentially confined to gastrointestinal epithelia, the urothelium and Merkel cells. The differential expression of individual CKs in various types of carcinomas makes them useful markers for histopathological carcinoma subtyping, providing relevant information concerning the differentiation and origin of carcinomas, especially when tumors first present as metastases. The CKs that are of particular value for differential diagnosis include CK 20, as it is mainly expressed in carcinomas derived from CK 20-positive epithelia; it is also found in bile-tract, pancreatic and mucinous ovarian adenocarcinomas, being absent in most other carcinomas. In certain carcinoma types, the changes in the expression of individual CKs that may occur during tumor progression could be of prognostic relevance. It remains to be established whether the serological detection of fragments of not only widely distributed but also more restrictedly expressed CKs may provide useful serological tumor markers in the future.

Using of immunocytochemistry in differential diagnosis of neoplasms of serosal cavities in dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Przeździecki ◽  
R. Sapierzyński
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Strong Expression

Abstract The presence of tumor within the serosal cavities, often connected with accumulation of serosal effusion, is a quite common problem in the small animal veterinary medicine. The first step in diagnosis of such cases is cytopathological examination. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of cytology and immunocytochemistry, using commercially available antibodies (anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin, and anti-desmin), in differential diagnosis of malignant tumors located within serosal cavities in dogs. The final cytological diagnosis of carcinoma/adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and mesothelioma was obtained on the basis of routine cytopathology and immunocytochemistry, and then confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivitiy of normal mesothelid cells and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of hyperplastic mesothelial cells revealed constant and strong expression of all examined intermediate filaments: cytokeratin, vimentin and desmin. Application of routine cytopathology and immunocytochemistry allowed 32 neoplastic tumors to be detected: 19 cases of carcinomas/adenocarcinomas, 6 cases of sarcomas, 7 cases of mesotheliomas. Immunostaining of cytopathological samples with chosen set of antibodies: anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin, anti-desmin is a useful, and low invasive test for differentiation between mesotheliomas and carcinomas/adenocarcinomas in dogs.

Ultrasonic differential diagnostics of cyst and cystic tumors of the spleen

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
M. Z. Alimurzaeva ◽  
D. A. Ionkin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Cystic Tumors ◽  
Number Of Patients

The incidence of focal lesions in the spleen is 3.2–4.2% per 100,000 population. Spleen cysts are rare (incidence 0.75 per 100,000). These are single or multiple, thin- and smooth-walled cavities filled with a transparent liquid. Distinguish between primary (or true) cysts, lined with epithelium, and secondary (or false), devoid of epithelial lining. Among the primary cysts, there are congenital cysts formed in the embryonic period due to the migration of peritoneal cells into the spleen tissue, dermoid and epidermoid cysts. A special group of primary cysts are parasitic cysts. Cystic tumors of the spleen include lymphangioma and lymphoma.The main difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen are associated with the rarity of this pathology and, as a consequence, a small number of works, including a significant number of the cases. However, in those works where a large number of the cases are described, most often this is one morphological form and an analysis of its various characteristics.Purpose. Based on the analysis of our own examination data of a significant number of patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen, to assess the possibility of differential diagnosis of individual morphological forms according to ultrasound data.Materials and methods. 323 patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen from 15 to 77 years old (men – 105 (32.5%); women – 218 (67.5%) were treated at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery for the period from 1980 to 2020. All patients underwent ultrasound during examination. Surgical treatment was carried out in various ways – (85.1%), when making a preoperative diagnosis of an uncomplicated spleen cyst of small size, dynamic observation was carried out (verification by puncture biopsy data).Results. Morphological verification of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen was presented as follows (taking into account possible difficulties in identifying the epithelial lining): true cyst – 182 (56.4%); dermoid cyst – 3 (0.9%) (malignant – in 1 case); pseudocyst – 16 (5.0%); pancreatogenic – 34 (10.5%); echinococcus – 52 (16.1%); lymphangioma – 24 (7.4%); lymphoma – 10 (3.1%); ovarian cancer metastasis – 2 (0.6%). The article describes the ultrasound signs of the above forms of the lesions with an emphasis on the complexity of diagnosis.Conclusions. Primary and parasitic spleen cysts are well differentiated according to ultrasound; false cysts of the spleen, depending on the cause of their occurrence, can create difficulties in their identification and differentiation (they require careful dynamic control); cystic tumors of the spleen should be differentiated from malignant tumors and metastases of a cystic structure, as a result of which such vigilance should always be present when they are detected.

Dermal fibrosarcoma in a Cashmere goat

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Julia Schoiswohl ◽  
Bianca Lambacher ◽  
Andrea Klang ◽  
Reinhild Krametter-Frötscher
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Production Processes

AbstractFibrosarcomas are malignant tumors of the connective tissue, which are characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts. Most of these tumors are localized subcutaneously and cause different symptoms depending on their location. The case report describes a dermal tumor on the outside of the pinna in a 7-year-old female Cashmere goat. The tumor was surgically removed and histopathological examination revealed a low grade fibrosarcoma. Although tumors are rare in ruminants because of the animals’ short lifespan (age of slaughtering in most cases < 24 months) in modern production processes, they should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Lipschütz Ulcer: An Unusual Diagnosis that Should Not be Neglected

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 414-416
Author(s):  
Daniela Alexandra Gonçalves Pereira ◽  
Eliana Patrícia Pereira Teixeira ◽  
Ana Cláudia Martins Lopes ◽  
Ricardo José Pina Sarmento ◽  
Ana Paula Calado Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Genital Ulceration ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Genital Ulcers

AbstractThe diagnosis of genital ulcers remains a challenge in clinical practice. Lipschütz ulcer is a non-sexually transmitted rare and, probably, underdiagnosed condition, characterized by the sudden onset of vulvar edema along with painful necrotic ulcerations. Despite its unknown incidence, this seems to be an uncommon entity, with sparse cases reported in the literature. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented at the emergency department with vulvar ulcers. She denied any sexual intercourse. The investigation excluded sexually transmitted infections, so, knowledge of different etiologies of non-venereal ulcers became essential. The differential diagnoses are extensive and include inflammatory processes, drug reactions, trauma, and malignant tumors. Lipschütz ulcer is a diagnosis of exclusion. With the presentation of this case report, the authors aim to describe the etiology, clinical course, and outcomes of this rare disease, to allow differential diagnosis of genital ulceration.

scholarly journals A novel decision tree model based on chromosome imbalances in cell-free DNA and CA-125 in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 172460082199235
Author(s):  
Weina Zhang ◽  
Yu-min Zhang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Shengmiao Zhang ◽  
Weixin Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

Objective: CA-125 is widely used as biomarker of ovarian cancer. However, CA-125 suffers low accuracy. We developed a hybrid analytical model, the Ovarian Cancer Decision Tree (OCDT), employing a two-layer decision tree, which considers genetic alteration information from cell-free DNA along with CA-125 value to distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors. Methods: We consider major copy number alterations at whole chromosome and chromosome-arm level as the main feature of our detection model. Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with malignant tumors, 66 with borderline tumors, and 10 with benign tumors were enrolled. Results: Genetic analysis revealed significant arm-level imbalances in most malignant tumors, especially in high-grade serous cancers in which 12 chromosome arms with significant aneuploidy ( P<0.01) were identified, including 7 arms with significant gains and 5 with significant losses. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.8985 for copy number variations analysis, compared to 0.8751 of CA125. The OCDT was generated with a cancerous score (CScore) threshold of 5.18 for the first level, and a CA-125 value of 103.1 for the second level. Our most optimized OCDT model achieved an AUC of 0.975. Conclusions: The results suggested that genetic variations extracted from cfDNA can be combined with CA-125, and together improved the differential diagnosis of malignant from benign ovarian tumors. The model would aid in the pre-operative assessment of women with adnexal masses. Future clinical trials need to be conducted to further evaluate the value of CScore in clinical settings and search for the optimal threshold for malignancy detection.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of invasive cervical resorption by using cone beam computed tomography: report of two cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla de Faria Vasconcelos ◽  
Yuri Nejaim ◽  
Francisco Haiter Neto ◽  
Frab Norberto Bóscolo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Radiographic Interpretation

A radiographic interpretation is essential to the diagnosis of invasive cervical resorption (ICR) and the difficulty in distinguishing this lesion from internal root resorption has been highlighted in the literature. This paper reports the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis of ICR. The cases reports describe how CBCT can be used to make a differential diagnosis and also show that the use of this technology can provide relevant information on the location and nature of root resorption, which conventional radiographs cannot. As a result, the root canal treatment was not initially considered. The patients will be monitored and will undergo a scan after a short period of time to detect any small changes. It was observed that both cases benefited from CBCT in the diagnosis of ICR, because this imaging modality determined the real extent of resorption and possible points of communication with the periodontal space.

scholarly journals Multiparametric ultrasound diagnosis of metastatic and lymphoproliferative changes in lymph nodes in primary-multiple malignant tumors, including breast cancer and lymphoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Kovaleva ◽  
T. Yu. Danzanova ◽  
G. T. Sinyukova ◽  
P. I. Lepedatu ◽  
E. A. Gudilina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Multiparametric Ultrasound

In this article, based on two clinical examples, the possibilities of multiparametric ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of metastatic and lymphoproliferative changes in lymph nodes in primary-multiple malignant tumors, including breast cancer and lym - phoma, are evaluated. Multiparameteric ultrasound includes B-mode, color and energy Doppler imaging, strain elastography, shear wave elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Standardization and reproducibility of these ultrasound techniques will allow to objectify the study, obtaining specific indicators of shear wave velocity in the zones of interest and specific signs of contrast enhancement, which can be used as impor tant differential diagnostic tool in oncology.

scholarly journals A case of a rare pelvic neoplasm - unusually large angiofibromas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
I. D. Pokladov ◽  
O. N. Chernova ◽  
A. V. Vazhenin ◽  
R. E. Shtentsel
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
Pelvic Tumors ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pelvic Neoplasm

Pelvic tumors are quite common. Of these, angiofibromas are very rare. It is causes difficulties in differential diagnosis. But getting the right diagnosis is important, given the great similarity with other, often malignant tumors. According to the literature, the average size of angiofibromas does not exceed 12 cm. We present the case of a patient with an unusually large angiofibroma.

scholarly journals Blueberry muffin syndrome in a newborn

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
M.A. Ufimtseva ◽  
◽  
Yu.M. Bochkarev ◽  
A.U. Sabitov ◽  
K.I. Nikolaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Timely Treatment ◽  
Torch Infections

We report a case of blueberry muffin syndrome, a rare dermatosis that occurs during the neonatal period. This syndrome is particularly interesting because, despite similar clinical manifestations, it may have various pathological mechanisms and, therefore, requires differential diagnosis. Awareness of doctors of different specialties about clinical manifestations of blueberry muffin syndrome will ensure correct differential diagnosis, timely treatment initiation, no unnecessary therapy, and exclusion of malignant tumors in a child. Key words: neonatal period, blueberry muffin, intrauterine infection of the fetus, TORCH infections, extramedullary hematopoiesis

Pax-6, a murine paired box gene, is expressed in the developing CNS

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1435-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Walther ◽  
P. Gruss
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Paired Domain ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Pax Genes

A multigene family of paired-box-containing genes (Pax genes) has been identified in the mouse. In this report, we describe the expression pattern of Pax-6 during embryogenesis and the isolation of cDNA clones spanning the entire coding region. The Pax-6 protein consists of 422 amino acids as deduced from the longest open reading frame and contains, in addition to the paired domain, a paired-type homeodomain. Beginning with day 8 of gestation, Pax-6 is expressed in discrete regions of the forebrain and the hindbrain. In the neural tube, expression is mainly confined to mitotic active cells in the ventral ventricular zone along the entire anteroposterior axis starting at day 8.5 of development. Pax-6 is also expressed in the developing eye, the pituitary and the nasal epithelium.

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