scholarly journals Contributions to Transformative Change in Cambodia: A Study on Returnees as Institutional Entrepreneurs

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gea D. M. Wijers
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Transnational Social Networks

This paper explores the experiences of Cambodian French returnees who are contributing to transformative change in Cambodia as institutional entrepreneurs. In order to delve into how returnees and their work are perceived in both host and home country, this multi-sited research project was designed as a comparative case study. Data was primarily collected through conversations with individual informants from the Lyonnese and Parisian Cambodian community as well as selected key informants in Phnom Penh. Excerpts of case studies are presented and discussed to illustrate the history, context and situation of their return as these influence their institutional entrepreneurial activities and the ways in which they use their transnational social networks as resources. It is argued that the process of return and the initiation of institutional entrepreneurship are best explored through the threefold activities of returnees’ brokering, bargaining and building for transformative change as affected by (trans)national opportunity structures and institutions.

Social entrepreneurs as institutional entrepreneurs: evidence from a comparative case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Chatzichristos ◽  
Nikolaos Nagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs

Purpose This study aims to illuminate the field conditions under which social entrepreneurship can become institutionalized and transform the existing institutional fields. Design/methodology/approach A comparative case study was conducted among three social enterprises, within different regional institutional fields, following a most different systems design: OTELO, in Mühlviertel, ADC MOURA, in Baixo Alentejo and STEVIA HELLAS in Phthiotis. Findings The results indicate some of the field conditions under which an institutionalization of social entrepreneurship can thrive, namely, a high civil approval, a highly institutionalized and decentralized institutional field that allows the social enterprise to remain autonomous, as well the anchoring of the venture to a pre-existing counter-hegemonic narrative or/and to an embedded network that drives the dissemination a new institutional logic forward. Research limitations/implications The institutionalization of the voluntary collective action that social entrepreneurship embodies has significant limitations. The same is true for innovation, which tends to lose its innovative spirit as it becomes institutionalized. Future research has to explore if institutionalized social entrepreneurship can maintain a voluntary perspective and an innovative drift. Originality/value Most studies on institutional entrepreneurship deploy in-depth case studies while multi-case comparative research remains rare. The current comparative study adds significantly to the understanding of institutional entrepreneurship, as it compares different degrees of institutionalization and successful institutional entrepreneurs to non-successful ones.

scholarly journals Partnerships between Cambodia’s Government, NGOs, and the Private Sector in Technical and Vocational Education Training from the NGOs’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sokha Chhun
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Technical And Vocational Education ◽  
Education Training ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>Three-way or tri-sector partnerships were proposed in the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg (2002) as a way to reduce poverty and achieve development targets by 2015 (Warner & Sullivan, 2006). These partnerships are between government, civil society and the private sector, and there is not much research on how such partnerships work in the development world. The purpose of this research is to explore the effectiveness of partnerships between Cambodia’s government, NGOs, and the private sector in Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET), particularly from the NGOs’ perspective.  The research methodology used in this study was a qualitative case study. Data was collected from in-depth interviews as well as document analysis, such as NGO’s annual reports, project agreements with Cambodia’s government, and other related documents from three NGOs working in the TVET sector in Phnom Penh. This research used Creswell’s framework (2014) for qualitative data analysis and interpretation.  The findings conclude that the tri-sector partnerships within one NGO to that of another NGO are quite different depending on the level of trust and interdependence of the parties. These partnerships between government, the business sector and NGOs are based upon the belief that collaboration brings benefits to each actor. From the business’s side, the benefits include the improvement of industrial production processes and productivity due to an increased supply of well-skilled staff. From the NGOs’ perspective, the benefits include accessing enterprises’ equipment and expertise. The government provides decentralised powers to local government to facilitate the working process of the NGOs and the private sector. These findings provide insight into Cambodia’s tri-sector TVET partnerships, making a contribution to understandings and knowledge of NGOs in TVET and their partners.</p>

scholarly journals Partnerships between Cambodia’s Government, NGOs, and the Private Sector in Technical and Vocational Education Training from the NGOs’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sokha Chhun
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Technical And Vocational Education ◽  
Education Training ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>Three-way or tri-sector partnerships were proposed in the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg (2002) as a way to reduce poverty and achieve development targets by 2015 (Warner & Sullivan, 2006). These partnerships are between government, civil society and the private sector, and there is not much research on how such partnerships work in the development world. The purpose of this research is to explore the effectiveness of partnerships between Cambodia’s government, NGOs, and the private sector in Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET), particularly from the NGOs’ perspective.  The research methodology used in this study was a qualitative case study. Data was collected from in-depth interviews as well as document analysis, such as NGO’s annual reports, project agreements with Cambodia’s government, and other related documents from three NGOs working in the TVET sector in Phnom Penh. This research used Creswell’s framework (2014) for qualitative data analysis and interpretation.  The findings conclude that the tri-sector partnerships within one NGO to that of another NGO are quite different depending on the level of trust and interdependence of the parties. These partnerships between government, the business sector and NGOs are based upon the belief that collaboration brings benefits to each actor. From the business’s side, the benefits include the improvement of industrial production processes and productivity due to an increased supply of well-skilled staff. From the NGOs’ perspective, the benefits include accessing enterprises’ equipment and expertise. The government provides decentralised powers to local government to facilitate the working process of the NGOs and the private sector. These findings provide insight into Cambodia’s tri-sector TVET partnerships, making a contribution to understandings and knowledge of NGOs in TVET and their partners.</p>

scholarly journals Teachers' Beliefs and Practices Regarding Young Children's Leadership: A Comparison Between New Zealand and Honduras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Cerrato Corrales
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Teachers Beliefs

<p>The main purpose of this comparative study was to explore how teachers of four to five year old children in New Zealand and Honduras translate their beliefs regarding children’s leadership into practice. This study has the potential to increase our understanding of beliefs and practices that will assist teachers in supporting children’s leadership. The study used a comparative case-study design in order to look at similarities and differences between the two cases, focusing on two early childhood centres from low socio-economic areas in the capital cities of each country. Two teachers from each centre were asked to be participants in the study. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and documentation. The findings suggest that both New Zealand and Honduran teachers translate their beliefs regarding children’s leadership into practice. However, the findings showed significant differences between New Zealand teachers’ child-directed and Honduran teachers’ teacher-directed beliefs and practices. The teachers in the New Zealand settings encourage leadership by empowering the children to deliberately take a leadership role, while the teachers in the Honduran settings encourage leadership by allocating opportunities for the children to take a leadership role. In addition, the teachers in New Zealand highlighted their belief and practice concerning children sharing leadership, while the concept of sharing leadership was not emphasized by the Honduran teachers. This study suggests the importance of teachers reflecting on their beliefs regarding children’s leadership and how these guide their teaching practice in order to support children’s leadership.</p>

scholarly journals Understanding place-based public health to reduce inequalities in the context of austerity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lhussier ◽  
N Forster
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation

Abstract Background Ageing populations and increased prevalence of long-term conditions, combined with reduced public funding following the financial crisis mean health needs often outstrip provision. Furthermore, austerity policies across Europe have been associated with a steep rise in health inequalities. Methods A comparative case study design, drawing on realist evaluation, examines the place-based strategies used by five UK Local Authorities (LAs) to maximise resources and reduce health inequalities. LAs were selected based on their implementation of innovative interventions and/or their experience of better or worse than expected trends in reducing health inequalities. Initial programme theories (IPTs) were developed through stakeholder consultation and literature searches, which will be tested and refined using case study data. Data collection methods are tailored to each case study context, but include: documentary analysis; system mapping exercises; and interviews with stakeholders and community members. Preliminary Results Initial programme theories were developed detailing the place-based strategies that are most effective in maximising resources and improving health outcomes, depending on contextual conditions. These theories cover strategies such as income generation schemes to supplement taxation; the introduction of ’disruptive’ voices into decision processes; outsourcing and widening skill-sets; reviewing and streamlining resources; and the development of tightly defined targets. Conclusions There is currently a lack of guidance on the optimal allocation of limited resources and effective delivery of services and interventions in contexts of reduced spending. Employing a realist approach has enabled us to move beyond the particularities of local contexts and strategies to produce pragmatic and transferable solutions which can inform the funding decisions of local government. Key messages LAs have to innovate to balance growing needs with shrinking resources. Pragmatic lessons are drawn to inform decision making applicable beyond local contextual specificities.

scholarly journals Overcoming the Limits of Legal Opportunity Structures: LGBT Rights’ Divergent Paths in Costa Rica and Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Wilson ◽  
Camila Gianella-Malca
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Judicial Politics ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Latin American Countries

ABSTRACTCosta Rica and Colombia, two of the earliest Latin American countries to protect many LGBT rights, attempted to amplify those rights and litigate same-sex marriage (SSM) in mid-2000s; however, these attempts sparked a major anti-LGBT backlash by religious and conservative organizations. Yet a decade later, Colombia legalized SSM while Costa Rica still lacks the right to SSM. Using a most-similar systems comparative case study, this study engages the judicial politics literature to explain this divergent outcome. It details how courts, while staying receptive to many individual LGBT rights claims, deferred SSM legalization to popularly elected branches. In spite of the lack of legislative success in both countries, in Colombia a new litigation strategy harnessed that deference to craft a litigated route to legalized SSM. In Costa Rica, the courts’ lack of conditions or deadlines has left SSM foundering in the congress.

Green Transition of Iron Cities: A Comparative Case Study of Kitakyushu and Pohang

2021 ◽  
pp. 107049652110637
Author(s):  
Hanbee Lee ◽  
Eunkyoung Choi ◽  
Eungkyoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This comparative case study explores why two cities similar in socio-economic factors diverge in their pathways to environmental improvement. Our research looks at the changing local economies and environmental pollution problems facing Kitakyushu in Japan and Pohang in South Korea. Both cities drove their nations’ rapid economic growth as the main heavy industry hubs but have performed radically differently vis-à-vis public demands for environmental improvement despite sharing much in common. Employing the advocacy coalition framework as a main analytical tool, we examine the unfolding of policy efforts to turn a manufacturing-oriented industrial city into a “greener” city responding to environmental objectives and the respective outcomes. The research reveals that variations in regulatory decentralization, external events and coalition opportunity structures largely explain the observed discrepancy in green transition between the two settings. Our findings contribute to expanding scarce case study literature illustrating the mechanisms that can underpin environmental improvements in cities that have served as the location of heavy industries and offer suggestions for advancing them.

Institutional entrepreneurship and management control systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Martin-Sardesai
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Management Control Systems ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneur

Purpose This study aims to explore how management control systems (MCS) compliment institutional entrepreneurship. It provides a case illustration of how the Vice Chancellor (VC) as an institutional entrepreneur used MCS to bring about a change in an Australian public sector university in anticipation of an externally imposed research assessment exercise. Design/methodology/approach This case study gathered qualitative data through key informant interviews (including deputy VCs, research managers, executive deans and heads of departments) and a review of university and other electronic policy-related documents. Findings The study contributes to an understanding of the external environment that drives university leaders to become institutional entrepreneurs, and what they precisely do to facilitate the internal dynamic change in line with political demands. Research limitations/implications Being a single case study, care should be taken in generalizing the findings. However, it raises significant issues that deserve further attention, for example, the impact of change on the working life of academics. Practical implications The research study identifies the proposed imposition of a research assessment exercise as an enabling condition under which an institutional entrepreneur could promote and activate a new vision. It provides useful insights for other universities operating in the rapidly changing environment. Originality/value In identifying the way institutional entrepreneurs bring about change by promoting a vision and operationalizing it through MCS, the research study extends literature on institutional entrepreneurship MCS and organizational change.

scholarly journals Markets and institutional swamps: tensions confronting entrepreneurs in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS OLTHAAR ◽  
WILFRED DOLFSMA ◽  
CLEMENS LUTZ ◽  
FLORIAN NOSELEIT
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Formal Policy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

AbstractUnrealized potential of entrepreneurial activities in developing countries has often been attributed to missing formal market-based institutions. In new institutional economics, the concept of ‘voids’ is suggested to describe the absence of market-based institutions. In reality, however, ‘institutional fabrics’ are always and necessarily complex and rich in institutions. No societal sphere is institutionally void. In this article, we contribute to existing literature on entrepreneurship and institutional economics by presenting a framework for studying the richness and complexities of institutional fabrics, as well as ways in which entrepreneurs respond to institutions. Distinguishing four types of institutions relevant for entrepreneurs, we analyze case study data from Ethiopia, and discuss how ‘tensions’ between potentially incompatible institutions result in behavioral frictions. Some entrepreneurs play the complex institutional environment and benefit from the tensions in it, whereas others may drown into the institutional ‘swamp’ they face. Policy makers should acknowledge that institutions not only result from formal policy making and that in many cases a diverse set of institutions is needed to facilitate market exchange and solve constraining tensions. The diversity that results from initiatives of institutional entrepreneurs may create a more effective institutional environment for development.

Strategic actions against climate change of institutional entrepreneurs: a case study in the Spanish renewable energy sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María González-González ◽  
Constancio Zamora-Ramírez ◽  
Ignacio García-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Actions ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs

Purpose – This paper aims to improve the knowledge about the strategic actions of institutional entrepreneurs in the configuration of the institutional pillars of an emerging field such as the Spanish renewable energy sector, as well as to illustrate the role of these actors in the fight against climate change. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a single case study conducted in a company that entered the renewable energy sector in the ‘90s, and currently is a national and international reference in the generation of thermosolar power. The results of this case study are analysed and interpreted according to the New Institutional Sociology. Findings – The paper identifies and analyses the strategic actions developed by the company to configure the regulative, normative and cognitive pillars of its institutional context, such as the establishment of inter-actors relationships, the mobilisation of constituent actors, the use of sanctions and rewards, the employment of consultants and the public dissemination of knowledge and social awareness. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the development of the specialised literature about the institutional entrepreneurship which is very scarce in relation to the actions of institutional entrepreneurs in emerging fields. Likewise, this study allows managers to know the role of those entrepreneurs to configure the behaviour patterns that could be accepted and assumed by those entering the sector later on.

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