scholarly journals Elevated glycohemoglobin is linked to critical illness in CoVID-19: a retrospective analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110273
Author(s):  
Samuel Windham ◽  
Melissa P. Wilson ◽  
Connor Fling ◽  
David Sheneman ◽  
Taylor Wand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
P Value ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Chart Abstraction ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The University

Background: Several studies have explored hospitalization risk factors with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Our goal was to identify clinical characteristics outside of laboratory or radiologic data associated with intubation or death within 7 days of admission. Methods: The first 436 patients admitted to the University of Colorado Hospital (Denver metropolitan area) with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Demographics, comorbidities, and select medications were collected by chart abstraction. Missing height for calculating body mass index (BMI) was imputed using the median height for patients’ sex and race/ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and a minimax concave penalty (MCP) regularized logistic regression explored prediction. Results: Participants had a mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 55 (17), BMI 30.9 (8.2), 55% were male and 80% were ethnic/racial minorities. Increasing age [aOR: 1.24 (1.07, 1.45) per 10 years], higher BMI (aOR 1.03 (1.00, 1.06), and poorly controlled diabetes [hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) ⩾ 8] (aOR 2.26 (1.24, 4.12) were significantly ( p < 0.05) associated with greater odds of intubation or death. Female sex [aOR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.40, 0.98); p value = 0.043] was associated with lesser odds of intubation or death. The odds of death and/or intubation increased 19% for every 1 unit increase in HbA1c value [OR: 1.19 (1.01, 1.43); p = 0.04]. Our final MCP model included indicators of A1C ⩾ 8, age > 65, sex, and minority status, but predicted intubation/death only slightly better than random chance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.61 (0.56, 0.67)]. Conclusion: In a hospitalized patient cohort with COVID-19, worsening control of diabetes as evidenced by higher HbA1c was associated with increased risk of intubation or death within 7 days of admission. These results complement and help clarify previous associations found between diabetes and acute disease in COVID-19. Importantly, our analysis is missing some known predictors of severity in COVID-19. Our predictive model had limited success, suggesting unmeasured factors contribute to disease severity differences.

scholarly journals 396. Relationship Between Patient Characteristics and Critical Illness in Patients Admitted for CoVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S266-S267
Author(s):  
Samuel L Windham ◽  
Melissa P Wilson ◽  
Connor Fling ◽  
David W Sheneman ◽  
Taylor Wand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Early Intubation ◽  
Chart Abstraction ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background While several studies have explored hospitalization risk factors with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, the risk of poor outcomes during hospitalization has primarily relied upon laboratory or hospital-acquired data. Our goal was to identify clinical characteristics associated with intubation or death within 7 days of admission. Methods The first 436 patients admitted to the University of Colorado Hospital (Denver metropolitan area) with confirmed CoVID-19 were included. Demographics, comorbidities, and select medications were collected by chart abstraction. Missing height for calculating body mass index (BMI) was imputed using the median height for patients’ sex and race/ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and a minimax concave penalty (MCP) regularized logistic regression explored prediction. Results Participants had a mean(SD) age 55(17), BMI 30.9(8.2), 55% were male and 80% were ethnic/racial minorities. Unadjusted comparisons by outcome are shown (Table 1). Male sex (aOR: 1.60, 95% CI (1.02, 2.54)), increasing age (aOR: 1.25(1.08, 1.47); per 10 years), higher BMI (aOR 1.03(1.00, 1.06) and poorly controlled diabetes (hemoglobin A1C ≥8) (aOR 2.33(1.27, 4.27) were significantly (p&lt; 0.05) associated with greater odds of intubation or death. Minority status tended to be associated with higher odds (aOR:1.8(1.01,3.36); p=0.052). Surprisingly, need for hospital interpreter was associated with decreased odds (OR: 0.58(0.35, 0.95)) of intubation/death. Our final MCP model included indicators of A1C≥8, age &gt;65, sex and minority status, but predicted intubation/death only slightly better than random chance (AUC= 0.61(0.56, 0.67)). Table 1. Patient Characteristics Stratified by Intubation and/or Death Within One Week of Admission (n=436) Conclusion In a hospitalized patient cohort with COVID-19, male sex, poorly controlled diabetes, increasing age and BMI were significantly associated with early intubation or death. These results complement larger cohort studies, and highlight risk differences across metropolitan areas with varying COVID-19 prevalence, demographics, and comorbid disease burden. Notably, our predictive model had limited success, which may suggest unmeasured factors also contribute to disease severity differences. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Later Meal and Sleep Timing Predicts Higher Percent Body Fat

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Thomas ◽  
Adnin Zaman ◽  
Marc-Andre Cornier ◽  
Victoria A. Catenacci ◽  
Emma J. Tussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
P Value ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase

Accumulating evidence suggests that later timing of energy intake (EI) is associated with increased risk of obesity. In this study, 83 individuals with overweight and obesity underwent assessment of a 7-day period of data collection, including measures of body weight and body composition (DXA) and 24-h measures of EI (photographic food records), sleep (actigraphy), and physical activity (PA, activity monitors) for 7 days. Relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (DXA) with meal timing, sleep, and PA were examined. For every 1 h later start of eating, there was a 1.25 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.91) unit increase in percent body fat (False Discovery Rate (FDR) adjusted p value = 0.010). For every 1 h later midpoint of the eating window, there was a 1.35 (95% CI: 0.51, 2.19) unit increase in percent body fat (FDR p value = 0.029). For every 1 h increase in the end of the sleep period, there was a 1.64 (95% CI: 0.56, 2.72) unit increase in percent body fat (FDR p value = 0.044). Later meal and sleep timing were also associated with lower PA levels. In summary, later timing of EI and sleep are associated with higher body fat and lower levels of PA in people with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and factors determining outcome of intramural very low birth weight babies in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Devi Meenakshi K. ◽  
Arasar Seeralar A. T. ◽  
Srinivasan Padmanaban
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) babies are at increased risk of a number of complications both immediate and late. Worldwide it has been observed that these babies contribute to a significant extent to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Aim of the study was to study the risk factors contributing to mortality in VLBW babies and to evaluate the morbidity pattern in these infants.Methods: A retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the case records of VLBW babies admitted in the NICU of Kilpauk Medical College between January 2015 to December 2015. Out of the 2360 intramural babies admitted during the study period, 99 babies were less than 1500 gms. The risk factors for these babies were analyzed for their association with the outcome. Data were statistically analyzed.Results: In present study, we found that sex of the baby, gestational age, obstetric score, birth asphyxia, pulmonary haemorrhage, ROP and presence of shock were found to be associated with increased mortality. By logistic regression analysis it was observed that birth weight of the baby (p value 0.002), duration of stay (p value 0.0006), presence of shock (p<0.0001), were the risk factors significantly associated with poor outcome.Conclusions: Among the maternal and neonatal factors analyzed in the study using logistic regression analysis, birth weight, duration of hospital stay and presence of shock were significantly related to poor outcome. Of these presence of shock was the single most important factor that predicted increased mortality.

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation, attempt, and determinants among medical students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Tesfaw Desalegn ◽  
Mesele Wondie ◽  
Saron Dereje ◽  
Adanech Addisu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Suicidal ideation and attempt are highly prevalent among medical students compared to the general population and negatively impacts the quality of life, physical, and mental well being of students. However, research into suicidal ideation and attempt among medical students in low and middle-income countries are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the suicide ideation and attempt and associated factors among medical students in Ethiopia.Methods An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019 at the University of Gondar among medical students. A simple random sampling technique used to get study units by their identification card. Suicide ideation and attempt were assessed by using World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess suicide ideation and attempt. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors between suicidal ideation and attempt with the explanatory variables at p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among study participants was found to be 14% and 7.4% with 95% CI (10.9, 18.1) and (5.1, 10.2), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression; female sex (AOR: 5.21, 95% CI: 2.42, 11.20), depression (AOR: 10.12, 95% CI; 4.80, 21.52), current khat chewing (AOR: 4.46, 95% CI; 132, 15.02), and poor social support (AOR: 4.46, 95% CI: 1.43, 13.87) were factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Being female (AOR: 8.08, 95% CI: 3.04, 21.39), depression (AOR: 10.66, 95% CI; 4.01, 28.01 ) and history of mental illness (AOR: 5.53, 95% CI; 1.20, 25.50) were factors significantly associated with suicidal attempt.Conclusion In the current study, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical students was low compared to other studies, but the suicidal attempt was high. The University of Gondar better to instate a screening program for every medical student for early diagnosis and intervention of suicide ideation and attempt.

scholarly journals Sarcoma Does Not Predict Malnutrition in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1131-1131
Author(s):  
Nankun Liu ◽  
Alexander Hien Vu ◽  
David Seres ◽  
Max Shen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Hospital Malnutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objectives The association between inflammation, malnutrition, and cancer is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the association between inflammatory-type cancer and diagnosed malnutrition, albumin level, and age in patients with cancer. Methods Malnutrition and cancer diagnoses were obtained using data from hospital medical records in patients admitted for cancer between Oct. 2017 and Dec. 2018. Demographics, as well as the first and lowest albumin levels were also obtained. A simple t-test is processed between age and malnutrition status. Also a chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia status. Logistic regression was conducted between malnutrition status, sarcoma cancer, age, and hypoalbuminemia. Results The study included 4034 patients (2084 males, 1949 females). Approximately 4% of the patients were diagnosed with malnutrition. Logistic regression on malnutrition status, sarcoma, age, and hypoalbuminemia showed a significant association on global test (3, 2433, P-value = 0.013). Hypoalbuminemia (&lt; 3.9 g/dL lower-limit) was significantly associated with malnutrition (X2 1, 2433 P-value = 0.0156). Sarcoma diagnosis was not significantly associated with malnutrition (X2 1, 2433 P-value = 0.267). Age is not significantly related to malnutrition status (X2 1, 2433 p-value = 0.449). A t-test was also performed malnutrition vs no malnutrition on age, resulting in a marginally significant association for malnutrition group (M = 65.33, SD = 15.50) vs no malnutrition group (M = 67.32, SD = 17.55) (t(1) = 3.7212, P = 0.0537). Conclusions Sarcoma is not significantly associated with an increased risk of malnutrition. Cancer patients with hypoalbuminemia have a higher risk for malnutrition compared to the patients with normal albumin level. Additionally, age may be a predictor for cancer patients’ risk of in-hospital malnutrition. Funding Sources None.

Association between case signalment and disease diagnosis in urinary bladder disease in Australian cats and dogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110040
Author(s):  
Emily Jones ◽  
John Alawneh ◽  
Mary Thompson ◽  
Rachel Allavena
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Bladder Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bladder Diseases ◽  
Urinary Bladder Diseases ◽  
The University

Urinary bladder diseases are common in dogs and cats; however, there is little published work on urinary bladder disease in Australian pets. We identified pathology records of Australian dogs and cats with urinary bladder tissue submitted to the University of Queensland Veterinary Laboratory Service during 1994–2016 ( n = 320). We described the proportion of bladder diseases in dogs and cats, and applied the less-commonly used logistic regression procedure to quantify associations between signalment variables and disease diagnosis that were evident using descriptive statistics alone. After preliminary analysis, both species were combined because of similar results. Spayed/castrated animals were 74% less likely to be diagnosed with cystitis compared with intact animals. Animals 4–11 y old were also at lower risk of being diagnosed with cystitis compared with younger or older animals. Male animals were at increased risk of neoplasia compared to females, which contrasts with reports from North America and Europe. There was increased risk for developing neoplasia with progressive age, with up to 20 times higher odds in the > 11-y age group. Logistic regression modeling provided unique insight into proportionate morbidity of urinary bladder diseases in Australian dogs and cats.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study in healthy elderly subjects aimed at development of an algorithm to increase identification of Alzheimer pathology for the purpose of clinical trial participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Prins ◽  
Ahnjili Zhuparris ◽  
Ellen P. Hart ◽  
Robert-Jan Doll ◽  
Geert Jan Groeneveld
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Classifier ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to develop an algorithm based on biomarkers obtained through non- or minimally invasive procedures to identify healthy elderly subjects who have an increased risk of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta42 (Aβ) levels consistent with the presence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. The use of the algorithm may help to identify subjects with preclinical AD who are eligible for potential participation in trials with disease modifying compounds being developed for AD. Due to this pre-selection, fewer lumbar punctures will be needed, decreasing overall burden for study subjects and costs. Methods Healthy elderly subjects (n = 200; age 65–70 (N = 100) and age > 70 (N = 100)) with an MMSE > 24 were recruited. An automated central nervous system test battery was used for cognitive profiling. CSF Aβ1-42 concentrations, plasma Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, neurofilament light, and total Tau concentrations were measured. Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio was calculated for plasma. The neuroinflammation biomarker YKL-40 and APOE ε4 status were determined in plasma. Different mathematical models were evaluated on their sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. A logistic regression algorithm described the data best. Data were analyzed using a 5-fold cross validation logistic regression classifier. Results Two hundred healthy elderly subjects were enrolled in this study. Data of 154 subjects were used for the per protocol analysis. The average age of the 154 subjects was 72.1 (65–86) years. Twenty-four (27.3%) were Aβ positive for AD (age 65–83). The results of the logistic regression classifier showed that predictive features for Aβ positivity/negativity in CSF consist of sex, 7 CNS tests, and 1 plasma-based assay. The model achieved a sensitivity of 70.82% (± 4.35) and a specificity of 89.25% (± 4.35) with respect to identifying abnormal CSF in healthy elderly subjects. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed an AUC of 65% (± 0.10). Conclusion This algorithm would allow for a 70% reduction of lumbar punctures needed to identify subjects with abnormal CSF Aβ levels consistent with AD. The use of this algorithm can be expected to lower overall subject burden and costs of identifying subjects with preclinical AD and therefore of total study costs. Trial registration ISRCTN.org identifier: ISRCTN79036545 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Household overcrowding and risk of SARS-CoV-2: analysis of the Virus Watch prospective community cohort study in England and Wales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Aldridge ◽  
Helen Pineo ◽  
Ellen Fragaszy ◽  
Max Eyre ◽  
Jana Kovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Household overcrowding is associated with increased risk of infectious diseases across cultures and countries. Limited data exist in England and Wales linking household overcrowding and risk of COVID-19. We used data collected from the Virus Watch cohort to examine the association between overcrowded households and infection to pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The Virus Watch study is a household community cohort of acute respiratory infections in England & Wales that began recruitment in June 2020. We calculated the persons per room for each household and classified accommodation as overcrowded when the number of rooms was fewer than the number of people. We considered two primary outcomes - PCR-confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests and laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Roche Elecsys anti-N total immunoglobulin assay). We used mixed effects logistic regression models that accounted for household structure to estimate the association between household overcrowding and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: The proportion of participants with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result was highest in the overcrowded group (6.6%; 73/1,102) and lowest in the under-occupied group (2.9%; 682/23,219). In a mixed effects logistic regression model that included age, sex, ethnicity, household income and geographical region as fixed effects, and a household-level random effect, we found strong evidence of an increased odds of having a positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 antigen result (Odds Ratio 3.67; 95% CI: 1.91, 7.06; p-value < 0.001) and increased odds of having a positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen result in individuals living in overcrowded houses (2.99; 95% CI: 1.14, 7.81; p-value =0.03) compared to people living in under-occupied houses. Discussion: Public health interventions to prevent and stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 should consider the much greater risk of infection for people living in overcrowded households and pay greater attention to reducing household transmission. There is an urgent need to better recognise housing as a leading determinant of health in the context of a pandemic and beyond.

scholarly journals Magnitude And Associated Factors of Intraoperative Nausea And Vomiting Among parturients who gave birth with Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia At Hospitals in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basazinew Chekol Demilew ◽  
Fentaye Zewudu ◽  
Dinberu Dinberu Eshetie ◽  
Netsanet Temesgen Ayenew ◽  
Eshetie Molla
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Intraoperative nausea and vomiting is common intraoperative conditions by which parturient feel discomfort and disturbed after spinal anesthesia. Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on mothers underwent cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. Descriptive analysis and chi square test were employed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to measure the association of factors with the outcome variable intraoperative nausea and vomiting. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to decide statistical significance for multivariable logistic regression. Result A total of 246 parturients were participated in this study. The incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting was 40.2%. According to multivariable logistic regression, age greater than 30 years (AOR, 6.26; 95%CI, 2.2-17.78; p-value 0.001), primiparous ( AOR, 3.72; 95%CI, 1.35–10.24; p-value, 0.011), having motion sickness (AOR, 7.1; 95%CI, 2.75–18.33; p-value 0.001), emergency cesarean sectin (AOR, 9.85; 95%CI, 3.19–30.38; p-value 0.001), oxygen suplimentation (AOR, 0.021; 95%CI, 0.005–0.08; p-value 0.0001) and uterotonic agent (AOR, 2.99; 95%CI 1.24–7.22; p-value 0.015) had statistically significant association with intraoperative nausea and vomiting. Conclusion In our study, the overall incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia was 40.2%. Parturients with age greater than 30 years, having motion sickness, didn’t got intraoperative supplemental oxygen, oxytocin used for uterotonic purpose, emergency surgery and primiparous were at increased risk intraoperative nausea and vomiting.

scholarly journals Gender and Hypertension (Data analysis of The Indonesia Basic Health Research 2007)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisnawati Bantas
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Health Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The objective of this study was to examine whether there was a gender difference in the occurrence of hypertension in Indonesian people, after controlling for individual and environment factors. Data were obtained from the Indonesia Basic Health Research 2007 and a cross-sectional design was used. Samples consisted of 13.262 men and women age 15 years or more. A multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the data. There was a statistically significant association between gender and hypertension. Women were less likely to have hypertension than men (OR 0.86 P value < 0.0033). There was an interaction between variable of gender and variable of age. It suggested that the probability of having hypertension in women and men was varied by the strata of age. In the strata of age more than 60 years, women were more likely to have hypertension than men (OR 1.25, P value 0.0065); in strata of age 30-59 years, there was no difference of having hypertension between women and men (P value > 0.05); in strata of age <30 years, women were less likely to have hypertension than men (OR 0.67 Pvalue 0.0000). Among women, there was an increased of having hypertension with age. Age of ≥ 60 years was the highest risk of having hypertension. Among men, there was an increased of having hypertension with age, but at in the age of ≥ 60 years the increased risk of having hypertension was not as high as in women. 

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