Pragmatic state rescaling: The dynamics and diversity of state space in Indonesian megaproject planning and governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110309
Author(s):  
Delik Hudalah ◽  
Tessa Talitha ◽  
Seruni Fauzia Lestari
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
State Activism ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Shed Light

In the past decade, Indonesia has become one of the Asian countries that massively promote large-scale infrastructure development to stimulate economic growth and improve the nation's competitiveness. Using the theoretical perspective of state rescaling, we explore how megaproject complexity defines the scope and process of state involvement in Indonesia's regional infrastructure planning, development, and governance. Aided by a typology of state rescaling, we compare two megaproject case studies: the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Train (JBHST) and the Kertajati International Airport and Aerocity (KIAA). It reveals that the dynamics of political culture, governance style, and policy domain shed light on the pragmatic rediscovering of state activism to manage risk and uncertainty in Indonesia’s multi-actor and multi-scale megaproject decision-making environment.

CAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ALLEVIATE MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY? — EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
YONGBO GE ◽  
YUEXIAO ZHU ◽  
WENQIANG ZHANG ◽  
XIAORAN KONG
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

We investigate the impact of the construction of large-scale high-speed railways (HSRs) on regional multidimensional poverty in China. We find that the opening of HSRs can reduce this poverty indicator. This association is robust to a series of checks. Regarding the mechanisms, the opening of HSRs can improve regional accessibility, enhance local tourism, increase labor mobility and promote human capital accumulation, which alleviates multidimensional poverty. Further research indicates the regional heterogeneity of the effect. This research supplements poverty alleviation theory from the perspective of public infrastructure and offers insight into how multidimensional poverty arises and how it can be alleviated.

The infrared measurement cascade: Connecting large scale meteorologically induced surface temperature perturbations to local spatial velocity structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schumacher ◽  
Marwan Katurji ◽  
Jiawei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Velocity Field ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Infrared Cameras

<p>The evolution of micrometeorological measurements has been recently manifested by developments in methodological and analytical techniques using spatial surface brightness temperature captured by infrared cameras (Schumacher et al. 2019, Katurji and Zawar-Reza 2016). The Thermal Image Velocimetry (TIV) method can now produce accurate 2D advection-velocities using high speed (>20Hz) infrared imagery (Inagaki 2013, Schumacher 2019). However, to further develop TIV methods and achieve a novel micrometeorological measurement technique, all scales of motion within the boundary layer need to be captured.</p><p>Spatial observations of multi-frequency and multi-scale temperature perturbations are a result from the turbulent interaction of the overlying atmosphere and the surface. However, these surface signatures are connected to the larger scales of the atmospheric boundary layer (McNaughton 2002, Träumner 2015). When longer periods (a few hours to a few days) of spatial surface brightness temperatures are observed, the larger scale information needs to be accounted for to build a comprehensive understanding of surface-atmospheric spatial turbulent interactions. Additionally, the time-frequency decomposition of brightness temperature perturbations shows longer periods of 4-15 minutes superimposed over shorter periods of ~ 4–30 seconds. This suggests that that boundary layer dynamic scales (of longer periods) can influence brightness temperature perturbations on the local turbulent scale. An accurate TIV algorithm needs to account for all scales of motion when analysing the time-space variability of locally observed spatial brightness temperature patterns.</p><p>To analyse these propositions temporally high resolved geostationary satellite infrared data from the Himawari 8 satellite was compared to near-surface and high speed (20 Hz) measured air and brightness temperature using thermocouple measurements and infrared cameras. The satellite provides a temporal resolution of 10-minutes and a horizontal resolution of 2 by 2 km per pixel and therefore captures the atmospheric meso γ and micro α scale which signals are usually active for ~10 minutes to < 12 hours. Moreover, the Himawari 8 brightness temperature was used to create the near-surface mean velocity field using TIV. Afterwards, the velocity field was compared to the in-situ measured wind velocity over several days during January 2019.</p><p>The results show that the atmospheric forcing from the micro α scale to lower atmospheric scales has a major impact on the near-surface temperature over several minutes. A significant (p-value: 0.02) positive covariance between the Himawari 8 measurement and the local measured temperature 1.5 cm above the ground on a 10 minute average, specifically concerning cooling and heating patterns, has been found.</p><p>Further analysis demonstrates that the retrieved near-surface 2-D velocity field calculated from the Himawari 8 brightness temperature perturbations is correctly representing the mean velocity. This finding allows the classification of meso-scale atmospheric forcing and its direct connection to local scale turbulent 2-D velocity measurements. This extends the TIV algorithm by a multi-scale component which allows to address inter-scale boundary layer analysis from a new point of view. In respect to the current findings a new experiment will focus on the repeated induced local velocity patterns from large scale forcing which will be measured through the surface brightness temperature.</p>

scholarly journals Is the infrastructure of regional universities ready to meet the challenges of digital transformation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-32
Author(s):  
S. N. Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Regional Universities

The processes of informatization, digitalization, and digital transformation of education have led to large-scale changes that have affected almost all elements of the educational system – from pedagogical concepts and technologies to the structures of new types («digital universities», «smart campuses», etc.). The creation of such structures is based on the universities’ IT-infrastructure, the requirements for the latter to be determined by the modern problems challenging the higher education system. The development of the IT-infrastructure became particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic, when there appeared the necessity of an urgent transition to electronic forms of education, including the mass delivery of electronic content to students. This problem was most acute for regional universities, whose own resources were not always sufficient to solve it. The purpose of this research article is to analyze the dynamics of the universities’ IT-infrastructure 2015–2020 development in the Sverdlovsk region as the basis for their digitalization and digital transformation. The choice of the Sverdlovsk region is explained by the fact that among the subjects of the Russian Federation, it occupies one of the leading positions by the number of universities and the number of students. Within the study, based on 2015–2020 statistical data (the so-called «ВПО-1» and «ВПО-2» forms as filled in by all HEIs), there were analyzed various components of the universities’ IT-infrastructure: the park of personal computers and multimedia facilities; the access to the Internet; the general availability of special software both for the region as a whole and in the context of particular universities. According to our analysis, the period studied saw growth in the information equipment provision for the universities’ non-educational activities, and – at the same time – decrease in the provision of computers used for educational purposes and for the students’ independent work. Along with the positive dynamics of providing the universities with access to high-speed Internet, less than a third of them maintain a maximum speed of over 100 Mbps. The universities are provided mainly with mandatory software tools (electronic library and reference systems, testing systems), whereas the virtual simulators are the least available. Another problem is the obsolescence of universities’ information technology equipment. At the same time, the region continues to see the universities’ differentiation by the level of all the IT-infrastructure components development (hardware, Internet access, software). To solve the problems of digitalization and digital transformation, the universities should assess the IT-infrastructure capacity necessary to solve modern educational and extracurricular tasks according to the interests of external and internal stakeholders (including employees and students of various categories), and more clearly formulate the objectives of modernizing IT-infrastructure in their development programs (strategies). The elimination of the universities’ digital inequality in the regions should be reflected in federal projects concerning the development of higher education. For these purposes, it is necessary to develop a modern methodology for assessing the compliance of the universities’ IT-infrastructure with the requirements of digitalization and digital transformation. Our research is original, as it presents an attempt to analyze the dynamics of the universities’ IT-infrastructure development in the Sverdlovsk region on the basis of statistical data.

scholarly journals An explicit GIS-based river basin framework for aquatic ecosystem conservation in the Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Venticinque ◽  
Bruce Forsberg ◽  
Ronaldo Barthem ◽  
Paulo Petry ◽  
Laura Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
River System ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Multi Scale

Abstract. Despite large-scale infrastructure development, deforestation, mining and petroleum exploration in the Amazon Basin, relatively little attention has been paid to the management scale required for the protection of wetlands, fisheries and other aspects of aquatic ecosystems. This is due, in part, to the enormous size, multinational composition and interconnected nature of the Amazon River system, as well as to the absence of an adequate spatial model for integrating data across the entire Amazon Basin. In this data article we present a spatially uniform multi-scale GIS framework that was developed especially for the analysis, management and monitoring of various aspects of aquatic systems in the Amazon Basin. The Amazon GIS-Based River Basin Framework is accessible as an ESRI geodatabase at doi:10.5063/F1BG2KX8.

scholarly journals An Explicit GIS-Based River Basin Framework for Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation in the Amazon

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Venticinque ◽  
Bruce Forsberg ◽  
B. Ronaldo Barthen ◽  
Paulo Petry ◽  
Laura Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
River System ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Multi Scale

Abstract. Despite large-scale infrastructure development, deforestation, mining and petroleum exploration in the Amazon Basin, relatively little attention has been given to the management scale required for the protection of wetlands, fisheries and other aspects of aquatic ecosystems. This is due, in part, to the enormous size, multinational composition and interconnected nature of the Amazon River system, but also to the absence of an adequate spatial model for integrating data across the entire Amazon Basin. In this data article we present a spatially uniform multi-scale GIS framework that was developed especially for the analysis, management and monitoring of various aspects of aquatic systems in the Amazon Basin. The Amazon GIS-Based River Basin Framework is accessible as an ESRI geodatabase at https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/#view/doi:10.5063/F1BG2KX8.

History in the Making: The NBN Rollout in Willunga, South Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Melissa Gregg
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Rural Town ◽  
Broadband Network ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Roll Out

The 2010 press release announcing the first-release sites for Australia's National Broadband Network (NBN) identified five locations chosen for their contrasting ‘housing density, housing type, geography, climate and local infrastructure’. On these measures, the South Australian town of Willunga was described as a ‘small rural town’ with ‘dispersed housing’. It thus served as a model for the country constituencies crucial to securing support for the federal government's large-scale infrastructure investment. But what else made Willunga an ideal first-release site? Are there local histories that shed light on the decision to grant its residents access to high-speed broadband before the rest of the country? This article shares findings from ethnographic research conducted in Willunga during the 2011 NBN roll-out to answer these questions.

The Cold War and After

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Trachtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International System ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Book Deal ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
Shed Light

What makes for war or for a stable international system? Are there general principles that should govern foreign policy? This book explores how historical work can throw light on these questions. The essays in this book deal with specific problems—with such matters as nuclear strategy and U.S.–European relations. But the book's main goal is to show how in practice a certain type of scholarly work can be done. The book demonstrates how, in studying international politics, the conceptual and empirical sides of the analysis can be made to connect with each other, and how historical, theoretical, and even policy issues can be tied together in an intellectually respectable way. These essays address a wide variety of topics, from theoretical and policy issues, such as the question of preventive war and the problem of international order, to more historical subjects—for example, American policy on Eastern Europe in 1945 and Franco-American relations during the Nixon–Pompidou period. But in each case, the aim is to show how a theoretical perspective can be brought to bear on the analysis of historical issues, and how historical analysis can shed light on basic conceptual problems.

Light Railways as the Basic for Transport Infrastructure Development in Northern Territories of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
P.I. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Research objective: studies of economic and transport infrastructure development in the Arctic and Northern Territories of Russia. Research methodology: analysis of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the types of railways used in Russia. Results: economic development of any region is proportional to the development of the road transport infrastructure and logistics. When a conventional railway is operated in the Arctic conditions, it is not always possible to maintain a cargo turnover that would ensure its efficient use, and transshipment from one mode of transport to another is very problematic. A new type of railway is proposed, i.e. a light railway. Conclusions: the proposed new type of transport offers all the main advantages of narrow gauge railroads (high speed of construction, efficiency, etc.) and helps to eliminate their main disadvantage, i.e. the need for transloading when moving from a narrow gauge to the conventional one with the width of 1520 mm, along with a significant reduction in capital costs.

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