Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK: High Resolution Geophysical Surveys in the Surrounding Landscape, 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Darvill ◽  
Friedrich Lüth ◽  
Knut Rassmann ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Kay Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
First Time ◽  
Southern Section ◽  
Management Issues

An extensive high-resolution geophysical survey covering 2 km2was undertaken to the north of Stonehenge in June and October 2011. The survey is important in providing, for the first time, abundant detail on the form and structure of the Stonehenge Cursus, including the recognition of entrances in both of the long sides. Much additional information about the internal form of round barrows in the Cursus Round Barrow Cemetery, the course of the Avenue, the course of the so-called Gate Ditch, and numerous tracks and early roads crossing the landscape was recorded. A series of previously unrecognized features were identified: a pit-arc or cove below a barrow on the west side of King Barrow Ridge, a square-shaped feature surrounded by pits on the east side of Stonehenge Bottom, and a linear ditch on the same solstical axis, and parallel to, the southern section of the Stonehenge Avenue. An extensive scatter of small metallic anomalies marking the position of camping grounds associated with the Stonehenge Free Festival in the late 1970s and early 1980s raise interesting conservation and management issues.

Adapting to Life Without the Legions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hinton
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
The North ◽  
Hadrian's Wall ◽  
Gold Coins ◽  
Subsequent Failure ◽  
Late Roman

If gold and silver are a measure of wealth, late Roman Britain was very rich. Hoards of coins, jewellery, and plate buried in the late fourth and early fifth centuries show that their owners’ lifestyle was coming to an end as central imperial authority broke down, troops were withdrawn from the island, villas fell into disuse, and towns lost their markets and trade. Raiders threatened by land and sea: Irish from the west, Pictish from the north, Frisian, Saxon, and others from the east; and as civic order broke down, the likelihood of robbery by people living south of Hadrian’s Wall grew worse. The hoards’ owners were right to worry, and their subsequent failure to retrieve their valuables must testify to many personal catastrophes. Hoards containing dishes, bowls, and spoons as well as coins and jewellery have been found on the east side of Roman Britain from Canterbury, Kent, in the south to Whorlton, Yorkshire, in the north. Further west, coin-hoards are quite plentiful, although none has any plate. Some contain jewellery, like one found in 1843 at Amesbury, Wiltshire, that included three silver finger-rings; in the same area, another hoard with eight gold coins and one of silver was found in 1990, apparently concealed in a pot around the year 405, to judge from the date of the latest coin. But as with plate so with jewellery, the contrast with the east is still considerable; Thetford, Norfolk, has gold finger-rings as well as ornamental chains, bracelets, and a buckle; Hoxne, Suffolk, has gold bracelets, and again chains, these with elaborate mounts. Some of the craftsmanship shown in these pieces is of a high order, that only well-off patrons could have afforded. The plate suggests displays of tableware by a society that set great store on being able to offer lavish feasts and entertainment. These late Roman treasures may be giving a slightly false impression of Britain’s prosperity. Silver was probably extracted from the same native deposits that yielded lead, so would have been more available than in most parts of the Empire. Some may also have entered Britain from Ireland, where evidence of Roman intervention is accumulating.

The West Court at Perachora

1967 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
J. J. Coulton
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
East And West

About 10 metres south-west of the sixth-century temple of Hera Akraia at Perachora, and nearly due west of the little harbour lies the small courtyard previously known as the ‘Agora’. Since its purpose is not known, it will here be non-committally referred to as the West Court. It was first excavated in 1932, and more fully, under the supervision of J. K. Brock, in 1933, but it was not entirely cleared until 1939, and it was at that time that the Roman house which stood in the middle of the court was demolished. The West Court is discussed briefly (under the name of ‘Agora’) in Perachora 1 and in the preliminary reports of the Perachora excavations. Short supplementary excavations were carried out in 1964 and 1966 to examine certain points of the structure.In shape the West Court is an irregular pentagon, about 24 metres from north to south and the same from east to west (Fig. 1; Plate 91 a, b). It is enclosed on the west, north, and on part, at least, of the east side by a wall of orthostates on an ashlar foundation. For a short distance on either side of the south corner, the court is bounded by a vertically dressed rock face which is extended to the north-east and west by walls of polygonal masonry. At the south-west corner the west orthostate wall butts against the polygonal wall, which continues for about 0·80 m. beyond it and then returns north for about 8 metres behind it.

On Occurrences of Riebeckite in Britain

1891 ◽  
Vol 9 (43) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grenville A. J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

In the summer of 1890, in the company of Mr. L. W. Fulcher, I again visited Mynydd Mawr, on the west of the Snowdon area, in the hope of obtaining specimens of Riebeckite larger than those on which Mr. Harker and Professor Bonney based their observations in 1888, when they independently pointed out the occurrence of this mineral for the first time in the British Isles. Previous traverses of the dome-shaped mass had shown how uniform in structure and how minutely crystalline the rock of Mynydd Mawr was over all its surface; we accordingly examined the columnar cliffs on the north and west, paying especial attention to the great western hollow, where denudation allows one to stand almost in the centre of the intrusive neck. But even here we were somewhat disappoinied, and our specimens are only slightly coarser in grain than those studied with such striking results by Professor Bonney.

scholarly journals Description of Antho (Plocamia) bremecae sp. nov. and checklist of Microcionidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Burdwood Bank and neighboring areas, SW Atlantic Ocean 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4312 (3) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCHEJTER LAURA ◽  
BERTOLINO MARCO ◽  
CALCINAI BARBARA
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
The West ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
The North ◽  
Sw Atlantic ◽  
Scotia Arc ◽  
First Time ◽  
Burdwood Bank

In this contribution, we describe a new Demospongiae species, Antho (Plocamia) bremecae sp. nov., from the west slope of Burdwood bank, a poorly studied region in the SW Atlantic Ocean. We also recorded for the first time in the region two other microcionid species, Clathria (Axosuberites) nidificata and Clathria (Microciona) antarctica. In addition, a regional checklist of Microcionidae from Burdwood Bank and neighboring areas, including Malvinas (Falkland) Islands, Tierra del Fuego Province and the North of the Scotia Arc (South Georgia and Shag Rocks) is provided. 

scholarly journals First record of the rare crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) in the North Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Marco Faasse ◽  
Hendrik Gheerardyn ◽  
Rob Witbaard ◽  
Joël Cuperus
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northward Expansion ◽  
First Time

Abstract Several species new to the area were collected while monitoring Dutch marine waters using a dredge. The varunid crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 was recorded for the first time in the North Sea. Until 2008, this relatively rare crab was known from the west coast of Africa and the western Mediterranean to northern Brittany in the north. In recent years, its distribution range has expanded, as indicated by records from the Bay of the Seine and the area around Dieppe-Le Tréport. Our finding from Brown Bank (southern North Sea) indicates a further, northward expansion of its distribution range. We list the hosts with which the crab is associated. Earlier arguments for climate change as an explanation for the northward range expansion are supported.

scholarly journals Conservation and change on Edinburgh's defences:archaeological investigation and building recording of the Flodden Wall, Grassmarket 1998-2001

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lawson ◽  
David Reed ◽  
Colin Wallace ◽  
Jonathan Millar ◽  
Mike Middleton
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Ancient Monument ◽  
North Western ◽  
Southern Section

This report presents the results of a historic building survey and archaeological watching brief undertaken between 1998 and 2001 during restoration work (undertaken as part of the Scottish Dance Base development) on the Flodden Wall running between Edinburgh's Grassmarket and Johnston Terrace. The Flodden Wall is the name given to the 16th-century extension of the capital's town defences, traditionally seen as having been constructed in the months following the defeat at Flodden in 1513. Prior to this project the extent and condition of this particular stretch of the Flodden Wall (the north-western boundary of the Grassmarket and a Scheduled Ancient Monument) was not fully understood. This project has shown that here the Flodden Wall and surrounding area had undergone three major phases of construction and redevelopment, from its origins in the early 16th century to the formation of a drying green (Granny's Green) to the west of the Wall in the late 19th century. In particular the results have demonstrated that the surviving southern section of the Wall here was largely rebuilt during the third quarter of the 18th century, when a complex of buildings was constructed along Kings Stables Road abutting the Wall's western face.

The sedimentary record of the Alkinoos Harbour of ancient Corcyra (Corfu Island, Greece) – geoarchaeological evidence for rapid coastal changes induced by co-seismic uplift, tsunami inundation and human interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-246
Author(s):  
Claudia Finkler ◽  
Kalliopi Baika ◽  
Diamanto Rigakou ◽  
Garyfalia Metallinou ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The West ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Quay Wall ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
First Time

Ancient Corcyra (modern Kerkyra or Corfu) was an important harbour city and commercial centre since the Archaic period, also due to its geostrategic position on the trade routes between Greece and Italy or Sicily. Corcyra kept its status as one of the prevailing naval powers in the Mediterranean by means of a large naval fleet, needing appropriated harbour basins to be stored and repaired. At least two harbours are documented by historical records and associated archaeological remains, namely the Alkinoos and the Hyllaikos Harbours, both located on either side of a narrow isthmus to the north of the Analipsis Peninsula, where the ancient polis developed. Today, the ancient harbour basins are silted and overbuilt by modern urban infrastructure, concealing their overall extent and topography. The present study aims to reconstruct the complex palaeogeographies of the ancient Alkinoos harbour of Corcyra based on a multi-methodological palaeoenvironmental and geoarchaeological approach. The methods used include sedimentary, geochemical, microfaunal and geophysical investigations that were complemented by archaeological data and results from previous geoarchaeological research. Spatially, the study focusses on the area of the so-called Desylla site west of known Alkinoos Harbour sediments in the midst of the modern city of Corfu. These results were complemented by findings from two geomorphological key sites as well as archaeoseismological traces from the western part of the Analipsis Peninsula. At the Desylla site, we found sedimentary evidence of an Archaic pre-harbour, partly open to the Gulf of Corfu, which was the predecessor of a protected Classical harbour basin. This basin, in use between at least the 4th to 3rd cent. BC and the 1st cent. AD, was delimited to the west by a wall. It represents the central part of the Classical Alkinoos Harbour which was sedimentologically traced, for the first time, from the De- sylla site in the west to the Kokotou site in the east, where monumental shipsheds were unearthed during earlier archaeological excavations. Probably, the harbour zone extended even further to the east, where contemporaneous harbour deposits were found associated with the prominent quay wall at the Pierri and Arion sites. Our results show, that, apart from man-made interventions, Corcyra's palaeogeographical evolution is strongly linked to multiple impacts of extreme wave events in the form of tsunami inundation. At least four events (I–IV) are recorded in the natural geoarchives of the Analipsis Peninsula and its surroundings as well as the northern harbour zone of ancient Corcyra. In particular, these events happened between 5600 and 5200 cal BC (event I), after 3900 cal BC (event II), between the 4 th and 3 rd cent. BC (event III) and between the 3 rd and 6 th cent. AD, most likely at 365 AD (event IV). Ages of all events correlate well with ages of tsunami traces found on Sicily, the Greek mainland and other Ionian Islands. Tsunami events I and II led to massive environmental changes around the Analipsis Peninsula, while event III was associated to strong co-seismic uplift, leading to the abandonment of the harbour site at Pierri. Decreasing water depths by siltation of the Kokotou and Desylla sites, however, were redressed by dredging, giving rise to an extensive Roman re-use of the western part of the Alkinoos Harbour zone. Yet, both harbour sites were hit again by event IV filling the harbour basins by a thick sequence of event deposits.

V.—Two Bronze Age Cairns in South Wales: Simondston and Pond Cairns, Coity Higher Parish, Bridgend

Archaeologia ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 129-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Fox
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
The North ◽  
Outstanding Feature ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Town

In the angle between the rivers Ogwr and Ewenny on the northern margin of the Vale of Glamorgan, east of the town of Bridgend, Brackla Hill (287 ft.) is the outstanding feature. Its pastoral slopes are linked to higher ground on the north by a saddle, on the east side of which there is a gentle fall to a tributary of the Ewenny, and on the west to a rivulet which flows into the Ogwr. Coity village lies at the point where the saddle merges into the upland.

Two new species and a new record of Spininola from China (Lepidoptera: Nolidae: Nolinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3547 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN-QING HU ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
HUI-LIN HAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Small Genus

The small genus Spininola was recently erected by László, Ronkay & Witt (2010) with the type species Nola loxoscia Hampson, 1900. They tabulated six species in the genus, S. loxoscia (Hampson, 1900), S. vesiculalis (Eecke, 1926), S. trilinea (Marumo, 1923), S. denticulata (Moore, 1888), S. fuscibasalis (Hampson, 1896) and S. armata László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 from Thailand. The genus is distributed in eastern Asia, from Nepal and Sri Lanka in the west, to Japan in the north and Sumatra in the south. In our surveys, two new species were found and are described herein, and S. loxoscia (Hampson, 1900) is recorded for the first time from China (Fig. 1).

A DISPUTA SOBRE OS LIMITES ENTRE GUIANA FRANCESA E PORTUGUESA (1801-1817)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN CWIK
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
The West ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The North ◽  
Compensation Payment ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
Portuguese Colonialism ◽  
First Time

O território do posterior estado de Amapá, pela primeira vez, foi delimitado pelos rá­os Oiapoque ao norte e o rio Paru ao ocidente, passando pelo Jari. No final do século XVII, novos ataques franceses ameaçaram a capitania hereditária de Cabo do Norte. O primeiro Tratado de Utrecht de 1713 obteve a completa renúncia francesa á s possessões na margem esquerda do rio Amazonas, no Estado do Maranhão. A nova linha divisória de Utrecht ficou controvertida até a paz de Viena em 1815. Para pagar uma indenização de guerra das laranjas á  França, Portugal reclamou pagamento de compensação e também o regulamento das fronteiras entre as Guianas. Em 1809, as tropas portuguesas ocuparam a Guiana Francesa e governaram a colônia até 1817. No Congreso de Viena, actas finales (Artigo 107) de 9 de junho de 1815, Portugal se compromete a restituir á  França a Guiana Francesa até o rio Oiapoque.Palavras-chave: Colonialismo Francês. Colonialismo Português. Guerras Napoleônicas. Invasão Portuguesa. Congresso de Viena 1814/15.  THE BORDER CONFLICT BETWEEN FRENCH GUIANA AND PORTUGUESE GUIANA (1801-1817) Abstract: The territory of the Brazilian state of Amapá was bounded for the first time by the rivers Oiapoque in the north, the Paru in the west, passing by the Jari. In the late XVIIth century, new French attacks threatened the hereditary captaincy of the Northern Cape. The first Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 included the full French renunciation of possessions on the left bank of the Amazon River in the state of Maranhão. The new dividing line of Utrecht was controversial until the Peace of Vienna in 1815. To pay compensation due to the War of the Oranges to France, Portugal demanded compensation payment and also the regulation of boundaries between the Guyanas. In 1809 Portuguese troops occupied French Guiana and rulled in the colony until 1817. At the Congress of Vienna, finales proceedings (Article 107) from June 9, 1815, Portugal agreed to give French Guiana back to France up until the Oiapoque river. Keywords: French Colonialism. Portuguese Colonialism. Napoleonic Wars. Portugues Invasion. Congress of Vienna 1814/15.  LA DISPUTA SOBRE LOS LáMITES ENTRE GUAYANA FRANCESA Y PORTUGUESA (1801-1817)Resumen: El territorio del estado brasileño de Amapá fue delimitada por primera vez por los rá­os Oiapoque al norte, el Paru al oeste, pasando   por el Jari. A finales del siglo XVII, los nuevos ataques franceses amenazaron la capitaná­a hereditaria del Cabo Norte. El primer tratado de Utrecht de 1713 obtuvo   la renuncia   francesa   a las posesiones en la orilla izquierda del rá­o Amazonas en el   Estado de Maranhão. La nueva lá­nea divisoria de Utrecht fue controvertida hasta la   paz de Viena en 1815. Para pagar una indemnización debido a la Guerra de las Naranjas a Francia,   Portugal exigió el pago de indemnización y también el reglamento de los lá­mites entre las Guyanas. En 1809 las tropas portuguesas ocuparon la Guayana Francesa y rigieron la colonia hasta 1817. En el Congreso de Viena, actas finales (artá­culo 107), de 9 de junio de 1815, Portugal se compromete restituir Francia a Guayana Francesa hasta el rá­o Oiapoque.Palabras clave: Colonialismo francés. Colonialismo portugués. Guerras napoleónicas. Invasión portuguesa. Congreso de Viena 1814/1815.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document