Mineralogical evidence for sediment derivation and ice movement within the Wash drainage basin, eastern England

Clay Minerals ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
The South ◽  
River Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacial Periods ◽  
Mineralogical Evidence

AbstractThe Wash drainage basin contains four principal river systems. Samples were collected from the freshwater and estuarine reaches of each of these, and silt- and clay-grade fractions were separated and examined by XRD. The clay mineralogy of each of the rivers is different; in the north the Witham sediments contain chlorite, the Welland and Nene samples contain vermiculite, with a higher proportion of kaolinite in the former, while in the south the Ouse sediments contain smectite. The clay fractions of the samples from the estuarine reaches all contain chlorite, confirming that non-fluvial sources must contribute to the sediments of the Wash. Comparison of this pattern of clay mineralogy with that for the underlying Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks shows that there was relatively little modification during the Pleistocene glacial periods. Such a pattern supports recent work which suggests that ice moved through the Wash gap and then fanned out from the Fenland area, rather than entering the region from the north.

Part I. Neolithic Mycenae

1957 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Fabric Hand ◽  
A Site

Stamatakes's excavations in the Grave Circle area revealed, although it was not recognized until much later, that Mycenae had been inhabited in the Early Bronze Age, the Early Helladic Period. This was confirmed by subsequent researches which produced Early Helladic material from the foot of the Ramp, outside the Grave Circle, beneath the South House and below the Palace. Now the recent work of Dr. Papademetriou and ourselves has yielded fresh evidence. He has found more E.H. material in Schliemann's Grave Circle and some possible Neolithic sherds as well. In the area of the Prehistoric Cemetery outside the Cyclopean walls to the north-west of the Lion Gate we have found in a mixed unstratified layer at the eastern foot of the mound or tumulus which covered the dome of the ‘Tomb of Aegisthus’ many fragments of E.H. pottery, both decorated and plain. Since the plain E.H. ware found is of a simple, thickish fabric hand-polished and usually of a dull red or of a mud colour, we had at times wondered whether some of these fragments might not almost be classed as Neolithic. This was especially so in the case of some of the fragments from the lowest strata at the foot of the Ramp. Unfortunately these fragments were lost during the war in the Nauplia Museum and cannot now be checked.The discovery of Neolithic B pottery at the Argive Heraeum, and still more recently Dr. Caskey's most successful excavations at Lerna, encouraged us in the idea that a site like Mycenae was probably inhabited in Neolithic times also. Since the Early Helladic material is not stratified, except in areas like the foot of the Ramp or below the South House, it was hardly to be expected that Neolithic remains, if found, would be stratified. It is always possible, however, that some part of the site, not yet explored, may have escaped later disturbance or overbuilding. We have therefore now paid particular attention to the unstratified debris found above the Prehistoric Cemetery at the eastern foot of the Aegisthus mound. Among this we have found two sherds which are in our opinion almost certainly Neolithic.

scholarly journals Geomorphic History of the Beaver Creek Drainage Basin as Determined from Topographic Map Evidence: Eastern Montana and Western North Dakota, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The South ◽  
Yellowstone River ◽  
The North

The Beaver Creek drainage basin is located along the North Dakota-Montana border slightly to the south of a recognized continental ice sheet margin and immediately to the east of the deep northeast-oriented Yellowstone River valley with Beaver Creek flowing in a north and northeast direction to join the north-oriented Little Missouri River. The Beaver Creek drainage basin originates on an escarpment-surrounded upland and its erosional history was determined by analyzing detailed topographic maps aided by previously made field observations that showed coarse-grained and distinctive alluvium had been transported in an east direction across the Beaver Creek drainage basin and across what is now the deep Little Missouri River valley to sediments making up southwest North Dakota high points containing both the distinctive alluvium and Oligocene age fossils. Drainage divides surrounding the Beaver Creek drainage basin show numerous divide crossings (or notches) linking northwest-oriented Yellowstone River tributary valleys with east-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys and west- or northwest-oriented Beaver Creek tributary valleys with southeast- or east-oriented Little Missouri River tributary valleys and suggest the Beaver Creek valley eroded headward across a large-scale flood formed anastomosing channel complex. Buttes located just to the east of the Beaver Creek-Little Missouri River drainage divide suggest the east-oriented water removed as much as 150 meters, or more, of Beaver Creek drainage basin bedrock, and even greater amounts of bedrock from regions to the south of the Beaver Creek drainage basin. Topographic map evidence and routes traveled by the distinctive alluvium suggest a continental ice sheet blocked a large and high-level northeast-oriented river and diverted at least some of the water along the ice sheet margin with the east-oriented floodwaters being captured in a progressive sequence by headward erosion of the Little Missouri River, Beaver Creek, and Yellowstone River valleys (in that order).

Archaeological and Geomorphological Investigations on Mt. Moffatt Station, Queensland, Australia

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 147-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Mulvaney ◽  
E. B. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Mountainous Region ◽  
The South ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Fitzroy River

History came late to Lethbridge Pocket, on Mt. Moffatt's northern boundary, just over the crest of the Great Dividing Range, source of the extensive Maranoa, Warrego and Fitzroy river systems. Explorer Major Thomas Mitchell skirted the area to the westward in 1846, observing (Mitchell, 1848, 208) that the prospect towards the dominating, massive table-lands ‘was very grand’; the name of Dean Buckland, geologist and antiquarian, was bestowed upon the loftiest table-land, at the foot of which Lethbridge Pocket lay concealed. Ludwig Leichhardt had passed to the north-east, a year previously, but he too preferred to avoid the rugged mountains, now termed the Carnarvon and Chesterton Ranges. Both the journals of Mitchell and Leichhardt testify, on many pages, to the abundant material traces of a populous aboriginal community in the region. Leichhardt commented (1847, 45) that ‘appearances indicated that the commencement of the (Carnarvon) ranges was a favourite resort of the “blackfellows”. The remains of recent repasts of mussels were strewed about the larger water-holes’.The mountainous region, which became Mt. Moffatt cattle station, was traversed first in the late 1870's, when the route across the ridge was located (Cameron, 1964, 372). The rugged Pocket was probably entered at the same time, perhaps by a member of the Lethbridge family, pioneers on Forest Vale station, 80 miles to the south.

A Sula-Ulúa Pottery Kiln

1941 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Stone ◽  
Conchita Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
River Systems ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Pottery Kiln ◽  
Semi Arid

On the western end of the north coast of Honduras, the outstanding river is the Ulúa, whose basin is formed by the plain of Sula. In the south, the gradually descending steps of the Cordilleras with the open avenues of the Ulúa on the west and her tributaries, the Lindo due south and the Comayagua at the east, bring contact to the wet valley of Sula from the semi-arid interior. Eastward lies the low margin of coast and the lagoons and river systems of the Pijol range. West and southwest is mountain land with an important river valley, the Chamelicon, which merges into the Sula plain. At the north is the open sea, bringing to this region varied influences from many and distant places.

scholarly journals Clay mineralogy of the Upper Paleocene and Eocene clay sediments in Denmark

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Zhang Deyu
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Belt ◽  
Upper Paleocene ◽  
Distinct Increase

The clay mineralogy of the Upper Paleocene and Eocene "plastic clay" sediments has been investigated from a new borehole in the Great Belt of Denmark. Predominant smectite, with small amounts of illite, kaolinite and, in the Holmehus Fm., chlorite, have been identified in the Upper Paleocene sediments. Abundant smectite and increased amounts of kaolinite and illite, with little chlorite, are present in the Eocene sediments. The Tertiary section of the borehole has been divided into two zones; one dominated by smectite with trace amount of kaolinite, including the Upper Paleocene and the Rl-R3 Beds of R!llsnres Clay Fm.; another characterized by the distinct increase of kaolinite and the relative decrease of smectite, including the R4-R6 and the Ll-lA Beds of Eocene sediments. Regionally, smectite content decreases, while kaolinite and illite increase from the north to the south and southeast in the Eocene sediments. No clear trend has been recognized in the Upper Paleocene sediments. The effect of material source, palaeoclimate and depositional environment on clay mineral distribution is discussed. The high content of smectite is considered to be mainly attributed to the alteration and/or weathering of volcanic material, contributions of smectitic clay from carbonate terrains and far trans­ported suspended matter from north-northwest. The change in climatic conditions may also be of importance. The distinct increase in kaolinite content of the Eocene sediments is thought to be related to a elastic source to the south and southeast and to the warmer climatic conditions.

Notes on the Millstone Grit of the North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield

1929 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Evans ◽  
R. O. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coal Measure ◽  
The South ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Coal Measures

The precise age of the Millstone Grit of South Wales has been in doubt for some years. Although it has been shown to be of Upper Carboniferous age, it has been uncertain whether the whole of the earliest part of the Upper Carboniferous is represented by deposits in southern Britain. Some part of the Millstone Grit of Pembrokeshire has been regarded, on the basis of its flora, as of Middle Coal Measure or Yorkian age (Goode, 1913, p. 272). Similar conclusions have been reached by Dr. R. Crookall concerning part of the Millstone Grit of Somerset (1925, p. 403). As yet, the flora characteristic of the Lanarkian of northern Britain has not been proved to be present in South Wales and elsewhere in south Britain. On the other hand, it has been argued that the absence of a Lanarkian flora does not necessarily imply an important break in the sequence, since recent work on the lamellibranch fauna of various British coalfields points to the conclusion that the lowest part of the Lower Coal Series of South Wales is of approximately the same age as the Lower Coal Measures of northern England (Davies and Trueman, 1927, p. 253).

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

Depositional Environment Drive as Overpressure Generation: Study Case in “Gap” Field, North West Java Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A., C. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Burial History ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes

Overpressure existence represents a geological hazard; therefore, an accurate pore pressure prediction is critical for well planning and drilling procedures, etc. Overpressure is a geological phenomenon usually generated by two mechanisms, loading (disequilibrium compaction) and unloading mechanisms (diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation) and they are all geological processes. This research was conducted based on analytical and descriptive methods integrated with well data including wireline log, laboratory test and well test data. This research was conducted based on quantitative estimate of pore pressures using the Eaton Method. The stages are determining shale intervals with GR logs, calculating vertical stress/overburden stress values, determining normal compaction trends, making cross plots of sonic logs against density logs, calculating geothermal gradients, analyzing hydrocarbon maturity, and calculating sedimentation rates with burial history. The research conducted an analysis method on the distribution of clay mineral composition to determine depositional environment and its relationship to overpressure. The wells include GAP-01, GAP-02, GAP-03, and GAP-04 which has an overpressure zone range at depth 8501-10988 ft. The pressure value within the 4 wells has a range between 4358-7451 Psi. Overpressure mechanism in the GAP field is caused by non-loading mechanism (clay mineral diagenesis and hydrocarbon maturation). Overpressure distribution is controlled by its stratigraphy. Therefore, it is possible overpressure is spread quite broadly, especially in the low morphology of the “GAP” Field. This relates to the delta depositional environment with thick shale. Based on clay minerals distribution, the northern part (GAP 02 & 03) has more clay mineral content compared to the south and this can be interpreted increasingly towards sea (low energy regime) and facies turned into pro-delta. Overpressure might be found shallower in the north than the south due to higher clay mineral content present to the north.

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