scholarly journals Studies in Iron Absorption V. Effect of Gastrointestinal Factors on Iron Absorption

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HÖGLUND ◽  
P. REIZENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Percentage Absorption ◽  
Plasma Factors ◽  
General Plasma

Abstract 1. Since previous studies could not demonstrate that any of several general plasma factors played a major role in intestinal iron absorption, local intestinal factors were examined in 240 iron absorption studies on 150 healthy subjects. 2. When the iron dose was increased 40 times, from 0.25 to 10 mg. the percentage absorption was halved. 3. Trebling the quantity of food (bread) in the intestine did not significantly decrease absorption. 4. Ascorbic acid in the intestinal lumen trebled the absorption even of ferrous iron. A stable pharmaceutical combination of iron and ascorbic acid was tested. 5. Sifted flour did not seem to inhibit the absorption of ferrous iron, but coarse ground flour did. When fat was added, no further decrease in absorption was found although iron soaps may be formed. 6. A further decrease in absorption was found after a complete meal. 7. When fine grain reduced iron was used to enrich flour—this is done in all Swedish flour—absorption was 50 per cent lower, and when a coarser grain reduced iron was used 85 per cent lower, than when ferrous sulfate was used for enrichment. 8. When oral iron treatment was given to persons with high iron absorption, absorption was decreased to normal.

scholarly journals Dietary fructose v. glucose lowers ferrous-iron absorption in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Brouwer ◽  
A. G. Lemmens ◽  
A. C. Beynenl
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fructose

The effect of dietary fructose v. glucose on Fe solubility in the small intestine and apparent Fe absorption was studied in rats. Female rats were fed for 4 weeks on low-Fe (10 mg Fe/kg) or normal-Fe (40 mg Fe/kg) diets containing either fructose or glucose (709·4 g monosaccharide/kg). Fe was added to the diets in the form of FeSO4. The low-Fe diets did not lower levels of haemoglobin and packed cell volume, but significantly lowered Fe concentration and Fe mass in the liver, kidney and spleen. Fructose v. glucose also lowered Fe concentrations in these organs, but did not alter absolute Fe contents. Low Fe intake reduced the amount of Fe in the intestinal lumen. The total amount of Fe and Fe concentration in the liquid phase of the proximal intestinal lumen were depressed by fructose irrespective of Fe intake. Fructose also lowered the amount of Fe in the liquid phase of the distal intestine. In keeping with these observations, dietary fructose significantly lowered apparent absorption of Fe at the two levels of Fe intake. Decreasing the intake of Fe raised the percentage of apparent Fe absorption.

Ascorbic Acid can Reverse the Inhibition of Phytic Acid, Sodium Oxalate and Sodium Silicate on Iron Absorption in Caco-2 cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanling He ◽  
Xiaoli Li ◽  
Ke Ding ◽  
Yuanxiao Li ◽  
Wang Li
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Sodium Oxalate

Abstract. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of phytic acid (PA), sodium oxalate (SO) and sodium silicate (SS) on non-heme iron bioavailability in both the presence and absence of ascorbic acid (AA) using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model, and the levels of AA needed to promote Fe absorption from Fe complexed with PA, SO or SS were also determined. The results indicated that adding PA at 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 10:1 molar as compared to Fe decreased ferrous iron uptake by 55.80 %(P < 0.05), 72.33 % (P < 0.05), 73.32 % (P < 0.05), and 73.26 % (P < 0.05), respectively. Adding SS at 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 10:1 molar as compared to Fe also decreased ferrous iron uptake by 51.40 % (P < 0.05), 66.12 %(P < 0.05), 60.19 % (P < 0.05) and 45.11 % (P < 0.05), respectively. Adding SO at 5:1 and 10:1 molar as compared to Fe decreased ferrous iron uptake by 40.81 % (P < 0.05) and 33.14 % (P < 0.05), respectively. When adding AA to iron plus organic acid medias reached molar ratios of 5:5:1 AA:PA:Fe, 3:5:1 AA:SO:Fe and 5:5:1 AA:SS:Fe, iron absorption from FeSO4 were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, no significant effect was observed in iron absorption from FeCl3 when adding AA to the media. The results showed that PA, SS or SO decreases iron uptake from ferrous Fe, and AA can counteract their inhibiting effect on ferrous iron absorption and thus increase ferrous iron uptake. The results may be important for elucidating factors affecting iron bioavailability in the small intestine and for the development of foods with improved iron bioavailability.

scholarly journals Iron absorption from ferrous fumarate in adult women is influenced by ascorbic acid but not by Na2EDTA

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith C. Fidler ◽  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Christophe Zeder ◽  
Thomas Walczyk ◽  
Richard F. Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Ferrous Fumarate ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Fortified Cereal

Ascorbic acid and Na2EDTA enhance Fe absorption from the water-soluble Fe compound FeSO4but their effect on poorly water-soluble Fe compounds such as ferrous fumarate is less well established. In the present study, the effects of ascorbic acid and Na2EDTA on Fe absorption from ferrous fumarate were evaluated in adult women (ten women/study) from the erythrocyte incorporation of Fe stable isotopes (57Fe or58Fe) 14 d after administration. Two separate studies were made with test meals of Fe-fortified infant cereal (5 mg Fe/meal). Data were evaluated by pairedttests and the results are presented as geometric means. In study 1a, the comparison between Fe absorption from ferrous fumarate- and FeSO4-fortified cereal showed that adult women absorb Fe as well from ferrous fumarate as from FeSO4(3·0 and 3·1 % respectively,P=0·85). After addition of Na2EDTA (Na2EDTA:fortification Fe molar ratio of 1:1), Fe absorption from FeSO4was significantly higher than from ferrous fumarate (5·3v. 3·3 % respectively,P<0·01; study 1b). In study 2, Fe absorption was compared from ferrous fumarate-fortified meals with and without ascorbic acid added at a 4:1 molar ratio (relative to fortification Fe) and the results showed that ascorbic acid increased Fe absorption from ferrous fumarate significantly (6·3v. 10·4 %,P=0·02). The results of the present studies show that Fe absorption from ferrous fumarate is enhanced by ascorbic acid but not by Na2EDTA, thus emphasising that not all findings from Fe absorption studies made with FeSO4can be extrapolated to Fe compounds with different solubility properties.

scholarly journals Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Martin Doseděl ◽  
Eduard Jirkovský ◽  
Kateřina Macáková ◽  
Lenka Krčmová ◽  
Lenka Javorská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.

Maturation, iron deficiency, and ligands in enteric radioiron transport in vitro

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ruliffson ◽  
J. M. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Everted Gut Sac

The effects in rats, of age, iron-deficiency anemia, and ascorbic acid, citrate, fluoride, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on enteric radioiron transport were studied in vitro by an everted gut-sac technique. Sacs from young animals transported more than those from older ones. Proximal jejunal sacs from anemic animals transported more than similar sacs from nonanemic rats, but the reverse effect appeared in sacs formed from proximal duodenum. When added to media containing ascorbic acid or citrate, fluoride depressed transport as did anaerobic incubation in the presence of ascorbic acid. Anaerobic incubation in the presence of EDTA appeared to permit elevated transport. Ascorbic acid, citrate, and EDTA all enhanced the level of Fe59 appearing in serosal media. These results appear to agree with previously established in vivo phenomena and tend to validate the in vitro method as one of promise for further studies of factors affecting iron absorption and of the mechanism of iron absorption.

Gastrectomy and Iron Absorption: Effects of Bleeding, Iron Loading and Ascorbic Acid in Rats.

1967 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Rieber ◽  
M. E. Conrad ◽  
W. H. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Loading

Effect of ascorbic acid on apparent iron absorption by women with low iron stores

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Hunt ◽  
S K Gallagher ◽  
L K Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Stores

Effects of Fructose on Ferric and Ferrous Iron Absorption in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Heinrich ◽  
E.E. Gabbe ◽  
J. Br&uuml;ggemann ◽  
K.H. Oppitz
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Iron Absorption

scholarly journals Dietary ascorbic acid lowers the concentration of soluble copper in the small intestinal lumen of rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Van Den Berg ◽  
S. YU ◽  
A. G. Lemmens ◽  
A. C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

We tested the hypothesis that ascorbic acid in the diet of rats lowers the concentration of soluble Cu in the small intestine, causing a decrease in apparent Cu absorption. Male rats were fed on diets adequate in Cu (5 mg Cu/kg) without or with 10 g ascorbic acid/kg. The diet with ascorbic acid was fed for either 6 or 42 d. Ascorbic acid depressed tissue Cu concentrations after a feeding period of 42, but not after 6 d. Dietary ascorbic acid lowered apparent Cu absorption after 6, but not after 42 d. The lowering of tissue Cu concentrations after long-term ascorbic acid feeding may have increased the efficiency of Cu absorption, and thus counteracted the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid. Dietary ascorbic acid caused a significant decrease in the Cu concentrations in the liquid phase of both the proximal and distal parts of the small intestinal lumen. This effect was due to both a decrease in the amount of Cu in the liquid digesta and an increase in the volume of the liquid phase; only the latter effect for the distal intestine was statistically significant. We conclude that ascorbic acid supplementation lowers Cu absorption by decreasing the concentration of soluble Cu in the small intestine.

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