Gastrectomy and Iron Absorption: Effects of Bleeding, Iron Loading and Ascorbic Acid in Rats.

1967 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Rieber ◽  
M. E. Conrad ◽  
W. H. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Loading

scholarly journals Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Martin Doseděl ◽  
Eduard Jirkovský ◽  
Kateřina Macáková ◽  
Lenka Krčmová ◽  
Lenka Javorská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.

Maturation, iron deficiency, and ligands in enteric radioiron transport in vitro

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ruliffson ◽  
J. M. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Everted Gut Sac

The effects in rats, of age, iron-deficiency anemia, and ascorbic acid, citrate, fluoride, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on enteric radioiron transport were studied in vitro by an everted gut-sac technique. Sacs from young animals transported more than those from older ones. Proximal jejunal sacs from anemic animals transported more than similar sacs from nonanemic rats, but the reverse effect appeared in sacs formed from proximal duodenum. When added to media containing ascorbic acid or citrate, fluoride depressed transport as did anaerobic incubation in the presence of ascorbic acid. Anaerobic incubation in the presence of EDTA appeared to permit elevated transport. Ascorbic acid, citrate, and EDTA all enhanced the level of Fe59 appearing in serosal media. These results appear to agree with previously established in vivo phenomena and tend to validate the in vitro method as one of promise for further studies of factors affecting iron absorption and of the mechanism of iron absorption.

Effect of ascorbic acid on apparent iron absorption by women with low iron stores

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Hunt ◽  
S K Gallagher ◽  
L K Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Stores

scholarly journals Iron absorption from rice meals cooked with fortified salt containing ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Sayers ◽  
S. R. Lynch ◽  
R. W. Charlton ◽  
T. H. Bothwell ◽  
R. B. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

1. Iron absorption from rice-containing meals was measured by red cell utilization of radioactive Fe in sixty-six volunteer multiparous Indian women.2. In all the studies salt added during the cooking process was used as the carrier for supplemental inorganic Fe and ascorbic acid.3. Intrinsic Fe in the rice and supplementary inorganic Fe were absorbed to the same extent, with a wide range of absorption values.4. There was a striking difference between the mean absorption of a 3 mg dose of ferrous Fe given to fasting subjects in a solution containing 30 mg ascorbic acid and that of Fe in a rice meal (48.7 and 3.5% respectively).5. When ascorbic acid was added during cooking there was a threefold increase in the absorption of both intrinsic Fe and supplementary Fe when a sufficient quantity (60 mg) was present.6. It is concluded that the Fe nutrition of rice-eating communities could be improved significantly by the addition of ascorbic acid to the diet.

scholarly journals Solubility and Impact of Ascorbic Acid on the in vitro Bioavailability of Two Casein-Based Iron Fortificants from Reconstituted Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1836-1836
Author(s):  
Magalie Sabatier ◽  
Joeska Husny ◽  
Marine Nicolas ◽  
Stèphane Dubascoux ◽  
Mary Bodis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Soluble Iron ◽  
Reconstituted Milk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The two objectives were 1) to evaluate the solubility of two iron casein complexes (ICCs) under a condition mimicking gastric pH, 2) to evaluate the impact of ascorbic acid (AA) on the in vitro iron absorption of ICCs after incorporation in reconstituted whole milk powder. Methods The in vitro solubility was determined over time after addition of diluted HCl (pH 1.7), ultracentrifugation and measurement of iron appearing in the supernatant by ICP-OES (n = 2). The impact of AA on iron uptake from the Fe compounds in reconstituted milk was determined using the in vitro digestion coupled with the Caco-2 cell model and the measurement of ferritin/total protein produced by the cells (n = 3). The molar ratio of AA to iron of 2 to 1 recommended by the WHO for iron absorption optimization has been tested with an iron level corresponding to 3.3 mg Fe/serving of milk. Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), the reference compound for iron bioavailability and micronized ferric pyrophosphate (FePP), main salt used for milk fortification were used as references. Results The dissolution test showed a rapid solubilization of iron from the ICCs i.e., >75 ± 19.3% at 5 min and >89 ± 0.3% at 90 min. The kinetics of soluble iron from the complexes were like that from FeSO4. The solubility of FePP was only 37.6 ± 4.7% at 90 min. Without AA, the iron uptake from FeSO4 was lower than expected translating into a relative in vitro bioavailability (iRBA) of FePP and of the two ICCs to FeSO4 of 66, 169 and 215%. This might be explained by a rapid conversion of soluble iron from FeSO4 into Fe3+ and insoluble iron hydroxide when the pH increased from 2 to >7 during in vitro digestion. However, with the addition of AA in the milk, iron uptake by the cells was found to be increased to levels of 341.8 ± 8.9, 124 ± 12.2, 403.1 ± 117.8 and 362.9 ± 36.9 ng ferritin/mg protein for FeSO4, FePP and the two ICCs respectively. This translates into iRBAs to FeSO4 of 36% for FePP and of 118 and 106% for the two ICCs. Conclusions The solubility and the demonstrated impact of AA on Fe uptake suggest that ICCs are absorbed to a similar amount as FeSO4 and thus provide an excellent source of Fe. Funding Sources Société des Produits Nestlé, NPTC Konolfingen, Switzerland.

Ascorbic acid: effect on ongoing iron absorption and status in iron-depleted young women

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Hunt ◽  
L M Mullen ◽  
G I Lykken ◽  
S K Gallagher ◽  
F H Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Acid Effect

Ascorbic Acid Chelates in Iron Absorption: A Role for Hydrochloric Acid and Bile

1968 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel E. Conrad ◽  
Stanley G. Schade
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption

Altered Hepcidin Regulation in Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Dysmetabolic Hyperferritinemia.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3590-3590
Author(s):  
Elizabeta Nemeth ◽  
Olivier Loreal ◽  
Caroline Le Lan ◽  
Martine Ropert ◽  
Marie-Bérengère Troadec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Hfe Mutations ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Hepcidin Mrna

Abstract Hepcidin, the key iron-regulatory hormone synthesized by the liver, blocks iron absorption in duodenum and iron recycling from macrophages. Hepcidin dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several iron disorders. Hepcidin deficiency was observed in most types of hereditary hemochromatosis, including the HFE-related hemochromatosis, where decreased levels of hepcidin mRNA were found in patients with HFE mutations and in mice lacking HFE. However, levels of the bioactive hepcidin peptide in this disease have not been evaluated. We analyzed urinary hepcidin concentrations in a large cohort of patients with hepatic diseases associated with iron dysregulation, including untreated and treated HFE hemochromatosis (HH), dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia (DYSH) and alcoholic cirrhosis (AC). In untreated HH patients (n=33), hepcidin levels were marginally increased in comparison to controls (n=71). However, the hepcidin/ferritin ratio, an index of appropriateness of hepcidin response to iron load, was decreased in untreated HH group compared to controls, suggesting that hepcidin levels were inappropriately low for the degree of iron loading. In treated HH patients (n=41), hepcidin levels were decreased when compared to either controls or untreated HH group, but the hepcidin/ferritin ratio was not statistically different from the control group ratio. Since hemoglobin levels in the iron-depleted HH group remained unchanged, hepcidin decrease is likely not related to hypoxia, but rather demonstrates partial responsiveness to changes in iron stores. In alcoholic cirrhosis (n=43), hepcidin levels were decreased when compared to controls which may be due to decreased hemoglobin levels observed in these patients and to the replacement of hepcidin-producing hepatocytes by scar tissue. Patients with DYSH (n=40) had increased hepcidin levels in comparison to the controls. Although the underlying cause is yet unclear, the increased hepcidin levels in DYSH could be a contributing factor for the characteristic iron accumulation in both macrophages and parenchymal cells, similar to anemia of chronic diseases. Our study suggests that dysregulation of hepcidin is a likely cause of iron metabolism abnormalities in HH and in DYSH.

scholarly journals Contribution of STAT3 and SMAD4 pathways to the regulation of hepcidin by opposing stimuli

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (15) ◽  
pp. 3593-3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Huang ◽  
Marco Constante ◽  
Antonio Layoun ◽  
Manuela M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Hepcidin Expression ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, is a small antimicrobial peptide produced by the liver that regulates intestinal iron absorption and iron recycling by macrophages. Hepcidin is stimulated when iron stores increase and during inflammation and, conversely, is inhibited by hypoxia and augmented erythropoiesis. In many pathologic situations, such as in the anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and iron-loading anemias, several of these factors may be present concomitantly and may generate opposing signaling to regulate hepcidin expression. Here, we address the question of dominance among the regulators of hepcidin expression. We show that erythropoiesis drive, stimulated by erythropoietin but not hypoxia, down-regulates hepcidin in a dose-dependent manner, even in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dietary iron-loading, which may act additively. These effects are mediated through down-regulation of phosporylation of Stat3 triggered by LPS and of Smad1/5/8 induced by iron. In conclusion, hepcidin expression levels in the presence of opposing signaling are determined by the strength of the individual stimuli rather than by an absolute hierarchy among signaling pathways. Our findings also suggest that erythropoietic drive can inhibit both inflammatory and iron-sensing pathways, at least in part, via the suppression of STAT3 and SMAD4 signaling in vivo.

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