scholarly journals Detection and monitoring of lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis during respiratory tract exacerbation using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1601437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Ciet ◽  
Silvia Bertolo ◽  
Mirco Ros ◽  
Eleni Rosalina Andrinopoulou ◽  
Valentina Tavano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The aim was to investigate whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) detects and monitors inflammatory and lung function changes during respiratory tract exacerbations (RTE) treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).29 patients with RTE underwent DWI pre- and post-antibiotic treatment. A control group of 27 stable patients, matched for age and sex, underwent DWI with the same time gap as those undergoing RTE treatment. Clinical status and lung function were assessed at each DWI time point. The CF-MRI scoring system was used to assess structural lung changes in both CF groups.Significant reduction in the DWI score over the course of antibiotic treatment (p<0.0001) was observed in patients with RTE, but not in the control group. DWI score had a strong inverse correlation with clinical status (r=−0.504, p<0.0001) and lung function (r=−0.635, p<0.0001) in patients with RTE. Interestingly, there were persistent significant differences in the CF-MRI score between the RTE and control group at both baseline and follow-up (p<0.001), while the differences in DWI score were only observed at baseline (p<0.001).DWI is a promising imaging method for noninvasive detection of pulmonary inflammation during RTE, and may be used to monitor treatment efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment.

scholarly journals Role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M. Abuzeid ◽  
Aya Yassin ◽  
Omar F. Kamel ◽  
Kareem A. Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract Background The role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is assessed in this study by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in acute pancreatitis and comparing them with a control group. The aim of this study is to compare those two groups thus supporting the diagnosis of this disease. Sixteen patients with acute pancreatitis and 16 control participants underwent diffusion-weighted imaging with b values of 0, 200, and 800. ADC maps were generated from the DW-MRI and ADC values, which were calculated for the pancreas, and the results of the two groups of patients were compared. Results The mean pancreatic ADC value in the acute pancreatitis group (1.15 10(−3) mm(2)/s ± 0.28) was significantly lower than in the normal group (1.6 10−3 mm(2)/s ± 0.2). A threshold ADC value of 1.38 10−3 mm(2)/s yielded 81.25%, specificity of 93.75%, positive predictive value of 92.9%, negative predictive value of 83.3%, and accuracy of 91.8%. Pancreatic ADC values were significantly lower in patients with acute pancreatitis than in the control group. Conclusion Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging could be an important supportive tool in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic Reversal of Acute Changes in Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eng H. Lo ◽  
Keigo Matsumoto ◽  
Allen R. Pierce ◽  
Leoncio Garrido ◽  
Daniel Luttinger
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Recently, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been shown to visualize acute ischemic lesions in the brain before changes are observable with conventional magnetic resonance imaging. However, the underlying mechanisms of these acute DWI changes are unclear and may include both reversible and irreversible damage. In this study, we demonstrate that acute DWI lesions may be reversed with MK801 therapy postischemia. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 12) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and DWI scans were obtained beginning 60 min postocclusion. Distinct regions of hyperintensity were observed in the basal ganglia and cortex, corresponding with the expected distribution of ischemia in this model. After the first scan, animals were treated with MK801 (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) or normal saline and subsequently scanned again 30 and 60 min after treatment. In the control group, the area of hyper-intense lesions continued to increase, by 55% in the cortex and 57% in the basal ganglia. MK801 therapy significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the area of damage by the third DWI scan at 60 min posttreatment (– 50% cortex, −22% basal ganglia, −41% total hemisphere) compared to pretreatment scans. Tetrazolium (TTC) stains at 24 h confirmed that MK801 significantly reduced the volumes of infarction (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that significant portions of the acute ischemic lesion on DWI are reversible with pharmacologic intervention.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1336-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawu Liu ◽  
Mikko P. Laakso ◽  
Jari O. Karonen ◽  
Ritva L. Vanninen ◽  
Juho Nuutinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apoe Polymorphism ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study the putative effects of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism in stroke. Thirty-one patients with acute stroke, comparative for age and gender were scanned, nine of whom were ApoE allele ***ε4 carriers. Initially, less than 24 hours from the onset of stroke, the ε4 carriers had significantly smaller volumes of hypoperfusion on relative cerebral blood volume map ( P = 0.001), and smaller infarct volumes ( P = 0.008) compared with the noncarriers. By day 8, this difference in the infarct volumes had disappeared, suggesting relatively enhanced infarct growth. On average, the total infarct volume increased 145% of the initial infarct volume in the ε4 carriers, and 84% in the noncarriers. There were strong correlations between the imaging findings and clinical status initially and with the outcome 3 months after the stroke in the ε4 noncarriers, but, with a single exception at acute phase, a lack thereof in the ε4 carriers. These patterns were virtually similar in a subgroup of patients with middle cerebral artery stroke. These data support the hypothesis of increased general vulnerability of the brain in the e4 carriers. Thus, the effects of ApoE polymorphism should be accounted for when interpreting diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI studies, particularly if predicting lesion growth.

Quantitative Evaluation of Hyperpolarized Helium-3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lung Function Variability in Cystic Fibrosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Kirby ◽  
Sarah Svenningsen ◽  
Hassaan Ahmed ◽  
Andrew Wheatley ◽  
Roya Etemad-Rezai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hyperpolarized Helium ◽  
Helium 3
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