scholarly journals Update on resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.s. to conventional insecticides at a previous WHOPES field site, "Yaokoffikro", 6 years after the political crisis in Côte d'Ivoire

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonsine A Koffi ◽  
Ludovic P Ahoua Alou ◽  
Maurice A Adja ◽  
Moussa Koné ◽  
Fabrice Chandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

scholarly journals Efficacy of Interceptor® G2, a new long-lasting insecticidal net against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. from Côte d’Ivoire: a semi-field trial

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soromane Camara ◽  
Ludovic Phamien Ahoua Alou ◽  
Alphonsine Amanan Koffi ◽  
Yao Cyntia Muriel Clegban ◽  
Jean-Paul Kabran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Background: The widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations is a serious threat to the efficacy of vector control tools. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the development of alternative tools that combine several insecticides with the aim of improving vector control and the management of insecticide resistance. In the present study, a long-lasting insecticidal net treated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and alphacypermethrin was evaluated against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s in M’bé, Côte d’Ivoire. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle tests were carried out with resistant An. gambiae s.s. of M’bé and the susceptible strain, to assess the resistance level to chlorfenapyr and alphacypermethrin. Results: CDC bottle bioassays revealed a high level of resistance of An. gambiae s.s. population from M’bé to alphacypermethrin, whereas they revealed low resistance to chlorfenapyr. In experimental huts, Interceptor® G2 that was unwashed or washed 20 times killed 87% and 82% of An. gambiae s.s., respectively, whereas Interceptor® LN that was either unwashed or washed 20 times killed only about 10% of the mosquitoes. The blood-feeding inhibition induced by Interceptor® was not significantly different compared to untreated nets, whereas Interceptor® G2 that was unwashed or washed 20 times induced 42% and 34% inhibition of blood-feeding, respectively. Conclusion: Interceptor® G2 met the WHOPES criteria to undergo a phase III study. Investigation of its efficacy at a community level and the conduct of randomized controlled trials dealing with epidemiological outputs are warranted in order to study the potential of Interceptor® G2 to better protect communities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an alpha-cypermethrin + PBO mixture long-lasting insecticidal net VEERALIN® LN against pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s.: an experimental hut trial in M’bé, central Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welbeck A. Oumbouke ◽  
Mark Rowland ◽  
Alphonsine A. Koffi ◽  
Ludovic P. A. Alou ◽  
Soromane Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the primary method of malaria prevention. However, the widespread resistance to pyrethroids among major malaria vector species represents a significant threat to the continued efficacy of pyrethroid LLIN. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a synergist that inhibits the activity of metabolic enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family known to detoxify insecticides including pyrethroids. Synergist LLIN incorporating PBO and a pyrethroid may provide improved control compared to pyrethroid-only LLIN. Methods The efficacy of VEERALIN® LN (VKA polymers Pvt Ltd, India), an alpha-cypermethrin PBO synergist net was evaluated in experimental huts in M’bé, central Côte d’Ivoire against wild pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. Comparison was made with a standard alpha-cypermethrin-treated net (MAGNet® LN, VKA polymers Pvt Ltd, India). Nets were tested unwashed and after 20 standardized washes. Results VEERALIN® LN demonstrated improved efficacy compared to MAGNet® LN against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. Before washing, VEERALIN® LN produced mortality of An. gambiae s.s. (51%) significantly higher than the standard pyrethroid-only net (29%) (P < 0.0001). Although there was a significant reduction in mortality with both LLINs after 20 washes, VEERALIN® LN remained superior in efficacy to MAGNet® LN (38 vs 17%) (P < 0.0001). Blood-feeding was significantly inhibited with both types of insecticide-treated nets relative to the untreated control net (P < 0.0001). Unwashed VEERALIN® LN induced significantly higher blood-feeding inhibition of An. gambiae s.s. (62.6%) compared to MAGNet® LN (35.4%) (P < 0.001). The difference persisted after washing, as there was no indication that either LLIN lost protection against biting or blood-feeding. The level of personal protection derived from the use of VEERALIN® LN was high (87%) compared to MAGNet® LN (66–69%) whether unwashed or washed. The AI content of VEERALIN® LN after 20 washes decreased from 6.75 to 6.03 g/kg for alpha-cypermethrin and from 2.95 to 2.64 g/kg for PBO, corresponding to an overall retention of 89% for each compound. Conclusions The addition of the synergist PBO to pyrethroid net greatly improved protection and control of pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. The pyrethroid-PBO VEERALIN® LN has the potential to reduce transmission in areas compromised by pyrethroid resistance.

scholarly journals Distribution of ace-1R and resistance to carbamates and organophosphates in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from Côte d'Ivoire

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic P Ahoua Alou ◽  
Alphonsine A Koffi ◽  
Maurice A Adja ◽  
Emmanuel Tia ◽  
Philippe K Kouassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Role of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: Culicidae) in Human Malaria Transmission in Rural Areas of Bouaké, in Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261
Author(s):  
Dounin D Zoh ◽  
Ahoua Yapi ◽  
Maurice A Adja ◽  
Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly ◽  
Didier M S Kpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Studies done in Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire) about 20-yr ago reported that Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles was the major malaria vector. The present study aimed to update these data and to identify the main vectors. Mosquitoes were collected in Allokokro and Petessou villages between June 2014 and December 2015 using the human landing catching method. Potential breeding sites of An. gambiae s.l. were identified in August and October 2014 and mapped using GPS. Anopheles species were morphologically and molecularly [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] identified. Ovaries of female were dissected to determine the parity and infection with Plasmodium was detected in head and thorax by quantitative PCR. In Allokokro, the biting rate of An. gambiae s.s was significantly greater than Anopheles coluzzii, whereas, in Petessou, biting rates of both species were comparable. Plasmodium falciparum (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), Plasmodium malariae (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), and Plasmodium ovale (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) identified in both villages. The infection rates of An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii were not significantly different. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of An. gambiae s.s. for P. falciparum was 9-fold greater than that of An. coluzzii in Allokokro; however, in Petessou, the EIRs of both species were comparable. In both village, An. gambiae s.s was responsible for P. falciparum and P. ovale transmission whereas An. coluzzii transmitted all three Plasmodium species.

Political Stability in West African States: Problems and Solutions. (Case Studies of Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal)

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Lyubov Sadovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
West African ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

The article presents a new view on the problems of political stability in West African countries. For the first time was carried out a comparative analysis of the sustainability of the political systems of the two Francophone fastest growing countries in West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal. The author analyzes the factors negatively influencing political stability social order, and those that reduce conflict potencial in these States. Internal and external threats to the political systems of Senegal and Сôte d’Ivoire are examined. The response of both countries to internal and external challenges is shown. The study proves that while external threats indanger Senegal’s political stability, such as the penetration of religious extremism, the crisis in Casamance, maritime piracy, drug traffic, for Côte d’Ivoire, on the contrary, main risks are internal: electoral, socio-political crises, the split of elites, arms smuggling, banditry. The study demonstrates that the level of social governance in Senegal is higher than in other West African countries, including Сôte d’Ivoire, due to the dualism of the political system: the coexistence of Western-style political institutions with local faiths (tariqas), as well as policy pursued by President M. Sall. aimed at achieving mutual compromise that ensure the peaceful settlement of conflicts and contradictions. The author concludes that a new approach to the development of a security strategy is required.

Côte d’Ivoire

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
The Political ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
International Response ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

This chapter examines the international response to Côte d’Ivoire’s post-election crisis in 2010/11. In particular, it analyses the elements that relate to the responsibility to protect (R2P), including how R2P informed the political and practical responses to the crisis. It identifies the major contentions/issues that the case highlights about the nature and future of R2P. It argues that despite the relative inattention paid to this case in the academic literature to date, the experience of Côte d’Ivoire offers important insights into the opportunities and challenges associated with all three pillars of R2P and recalls debates around the responsibility to rebuild as well as the emergent relationship between the R2P framework and protection of civilians in United Nations peace operations.

Modernity, Autochthony and the Ivorian Nation: the End of a Century in Côte d'Ivoire

Africa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Cutolo
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

ABSTRACTIn the mid-1990s, Côte d'Ivoire witnessed the rise of the ideology of ivoirité, a conception of citizenship based on autochthonous origins. Ivoirité was elaborated by a group of Ivorian intellectuals in the context of the political struggle opposing Henry Konan Bedié to Alassane Ouattara in the succession to the late President Houphouët-Boigny. Through the tactical use of the rhetoric of ivoirité, Ouattara was depicted by his adversaries as a ‘Burkinabé’ trying to rule the country. Going beyond this tactical aspect, the article addresses the ideological relations linking ivoirité to the ‘project of an Ivorian liberal society’ explicitly constructed by the same intellectuals. These relations contributed to the emergence, in the Ivorian public space, of a discourse establishing self-evident, hegemonic connections between notions like autochthony, modernity and nationality, on the one hand, and biopolitical concepts like population, immigration, security and resources on the other. The article uses two complementary perspectives to frame this emergent discourse. One focuses on the historical continuity of the political-economic strategies and population policies implemented by colonial governments and post-colonial elites. The other uses Giorgio Agamben's critical enquiry into citizenship and nationality to bring to light the implication of the ivoirité intellectuals in the construction of a national bios, and thus in the singling out of a paradigmatic form of bare life.

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