scholarly journals The relation between kinematic synergy to stabilize the center of mass during walking and future fall risks: a 1-year longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Yamagata ◽  
Hiroshige Tateuchi ◽  
Itsuroh Shimizu ◽  
Junya Saeki ◽  
Noriaki Ichihashi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Uncontrolled Manifold ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Segmental Coordination

Abstract Background Incorrect body weight shifting is a frequent cause of falls, and the control of the whole-body center of mass (CoM) by segmental coordination is essential during walking. Uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis is a method of examining the relation between variance in segmental coordination and CoM stability. However, no prospective cohort study has thoroughly investigated how variance in segmental configurations to stabilize the CoM relates to future falls. This study explored whether variance to stabilize the CoM was related to future falls. Methods At the baseline visit, 30 community-dwelling older adults walked 20 times on a 6-m walkway. Using kinematic data collected during walking by a three-dimensional motion capture system, UCM analysis was performed to investigate how segmental configuration contributes to CoM stability in the frontal plane. One year after the baseline visit, we evaluated whether the subjects experienced falls. Twelve subjects had experienced falls, and 16 had not. Comparisons of variance between older adults with and without falls were conducted by covariate analysis. Results No significant differences in variance were found in the mediolateral direction, whereas in the vertical direction, older adults with fall experiences had a greater variance, reflecting an unstable CoM, than those with no fall experiences. Conclusions We verified that the high variance in segmental configurations that destabilize the CoM in the vertical direction was related to future falls. The variables of UCM analysis can be useful for evaluating fall risk.

The Relation of Kinematic Synergy to Stabilize the Center of Mass During Walking With Future Falls: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Yamagata ◽  
Hiroshige Tateuchi ◽  
Itsuroh Shimizu ◽  
Junya Saeki ◽  
Noriaki Ichihashi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Uncontrolled Manifold ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Segmental Coordination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Base Of Support

Abstract Background: An incorrect transfer of center of mass (CoM) to outside the base of support is a frequent cause of falls, and segmental coordination to control CoM is crucial during walking. Uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis is a method of examining the relation between variances in segmental coordination and the CoM stability. However, no study has investigated through a prospective cohort study how variance in segmental configurations to stabilize CoM relates to future falls. This study explored whether variances to stabilize the CoM were related to future falls.Methods: At the baseline visit, 30 community-dwelling older adults walked 20 times on a 6-m walkway. Using kinematic data during walking, UCM analysis was performed to investigate how segmental configuration contributes to the CoM stability in the frontal plane. One year after the baseline visit, we evaluated whether the subjects experienced falls; 12 had experienced falls and 16 had not. Comparisons of variances between older adults with and without falls were conducted by covariate analysis.Results: No significant differences in variances were found in the mediolateral direction, whereas in the vertical direction, older adults with fall experiences had a greater variance, reflecting unstable CoM, than those with no fall experiences.Conclusions: We verified that the high variance in segmental configurations that destabilize CoM in the vertical direction was related to future falls. The variables of UCM analysis can be useful to evaluate fall risks.

scholarly journals Stride-to-Stride Variability of the Center of Mass in Male Trained Runners After an Exhaustive Run: A Three Dimensional Movement Variability Analysis With a Subject-Specific Anthropometric Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Möhler ◽  
Bernd Stetter ◽  
Hermann Müller ◽  
Thorsten Stein
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Uncontrolled Manifold ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Relevant Variable ◽  
The Right ◽  
Trained Runners

The motion of the human body can be described by the motion of its center of mass (CoM). Since the trajectory of the CoM is a crucial variable during running, one can assume that trained runners would try to keep their CoM trajectory constant from stride to stride. However, when exposed to fatigue, runners might have to adapt certain biomechanical parameters. The Uncontrolled Manifold approach (UCM) and the Tolerance, Noise, and Covariation (TNC) approach are used to analyze changes in movement variability while considering the overall task of keeping a certain task relevant variable constant. The purpose of this study was to investigate if and how runners adjust their CoM trajectory during a run to fatigue at a constant speed on a treadmill and how fatigue affects the variability of the CoM trajectory. Additionally, the results obtained with the TNC approach were compared to the results obtained with the UCM analysis in an earlier study on the same dataset. Therefore, two TNC analyses were conducted to assess effects of fatigue on the CoM trajectory from two viewpoints: one analyzing the CoM with respect to a lab coordinate system (PVlab) and another one analyzing the CoM with respect to the right foot (PVfoot). Full body kinematics of 13 healthy young athletes were captured in a rested and in a fatigued state and an anthropometric model was used to calculate the CoM based on the joint angles. Variability was quantified by the coefficient of variation of the length of the position vector of the CoM and by the components Tolerance, Noise, and Covariation which were analyzed both in 3D and the projections in the vertical, anterior-posterior and medio-lateral coordinate axes. Concerning PVlab we found that runners increased their stride-to-stride variability in medio-lateral direction (1%). Concerning PVfoot we found that runners lowered their CoM (4 mm) and increased their stride-to-stride variability in the absorption phase in both 3D and in the vertical direction. Although we identified statistically relevant differences between the two running states, we have to point out that the effects were small (CV ≤ 1%) and must be interpreted cautiously.

scholarly journals Foot Problems in Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Muchna ◽  
Bijan Najafi ◽  
Christopher S. Wendel ◽  
Michael Schwenk ◽  
David G. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Foot Problems

Background:Research on foot problems and frailty is sparse and could advance using wearable sensor–based measures of gait, balance, and physical activity (PA). This study examined the effect of foot problems on the likelihood of falls, frailty syndrome, motor performance, and PA in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:Arizona Frailty Cohort Study participants (community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years without baseline cognitive deficit, severe movement disorders, or recent stroke) underwent Fried frailty and foot assessment. Gait, balance (bipedal eyes open and eyes closed), and spontaneous PA over 48 hours were measured using validated wearable sensor technologies.Results:Of 117 participants, 41 (35%) were nonfrail, 56 (48%) prefrail, and 20 (17%) frail. Prevalence of foot problems (pain, peripheral neuropathy, or deformity) increased significantly as frailty category worsened (any problem: 63% in nonfrail, 80% in prefrail [odds ratio (OR) = 2.0], and 95% in frail [OR = 8.3]; P = .03 for trend) due to associations between foot problems and both weakness and exhaustion. Foot problems were associated with fear of falling but not with fall history or incident falls over 6 months. Foot pain and peripheral neuropathy were associated with lower gait speed and stride length; increased double support time; increased mediolateral sway of center of mass during walking, age adjusted; decreased eyes open sway of center of mass and ankle during quiet standing, age adjusted; and lower percentage walking, percentage standing, and total steps per day.Conclusions:Foot problems were associated with frailty level and decreased motor performance and PA. Wearable technology is a practical way to screen for deterioration in gait, balance, and PA that may be associated with foot problems. Routine assessment and management of foot problems could promote earlier intervention to retain motor performance and manage fear of falling in older adults, which may ultimately improve healthy aging and reduce risk of frailty.

scholarly journals Reactive Postural Responses to Continuous Yaw Perturbations in Healthy Humans: The Effect of Aging

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Mileti ◽  
Juri Taborri ◽  
Stefano Rossi ◽  
Zaccaria Del Prete ◽  
Marco Paoloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Mass Displacement

Maintaining balance stability while turning in a quasi-static stance and/or in dynamic motion requires proper recovery mechanisms to manage sudden center-of-mass displacement. Furthermore, falls during turning are among the main concerns of community-dwelling elderly population. This study investigates the effect of aging on reactive postural responses to continuous yaw perturbations on a cohort of 10 young adults (mean age 28 ± 3 years old) and 10 older adults (mean age 61 ± 4 years old). Subjects underwent external continuous yaw perturbations provided by the RotoBit1D platform. Different conditions of visual feedback (eyes opened and eyes closed) and perturbation intensity, i.e., sinusoidal rotations on the horizontal plane at different frequencies (0.2 Hz and 0.3 Hz), were applied. Kinematics of axial body segments was gathered using three inertial measurement units. In order to measure reactive postural responses, we measured body-absolute and joint absolute rotations, center-of-mass displacement, body sway, and inter-joint coordination. Older adults showed significant reduction in horizontal rotations of body segments and joints, as well as in center-of-mass displacement. Furthermore, older adults manifested a greater variability in reactive postural responses than younger adults. The abnormal reactive postural responses observed in older adults might contribute to the well-known age-related difficulty in dealing with balance control during turning.

scholarly journals Effect of Leg Dominance on The Center-of-Mass Kinematics During an Inside-of-the-Foot Kick in Amateur Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Zago ◽  
Andrea Francesco Motta ◽  
Andrea Mapelli ◽  
Isabella Annoni ◽  
Christel Galvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Ground Support ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract Soccer kicking kinematics has received wide interest in literature. However, while the instep-kick has been broadly studied, only few researchers investigated the inside-of-the-foot kick, which is one of the most frequently performed techniques during games. In particular, little knowledge is available about differences in kinematics when kicking with the preferred and non-preferred leg. A motion analysis system recorded the three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers placed upon the body of nine amateur soccer players (23.0 ± 2.1 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2), who performed 30 pass-kicks each, 15 with the preferred and 15 with the non-preferred leg. We investigated skill kinematics while maintaining a perspective on the complete picture of movement, looking for laterality related differences. The main focus was laid on: anatomical angles, contribution of upper limbs in kick biomechanics, kinematics of the body Center of Mass (CoM), which describes the whole body movement and is related to balance and stability. When kicking with the preferred leg, CoM displacement during the ground-support phase was 13% higher (p<0.001), normalized CoM height was 1.3% lower (p<0.001) and CoM velocity 10% higher (p<0.01); foot and shank velocities were about 5% higher (p<0.01); arms were more abducted (p<0.01); shoulders were rotated more towards the target (p<0.01, 6° mean orientation difference). We concluded that differences in motor control between preferred and non-preferred leg kicks exist, particularly in the movement velocity and upper body kinematics. Coaches can use these results to provide effective instructions to players in the learning process, moving their focus on kicking speed and upper body behavior

scholarly journals Association between Changes in Swimming Velocity, Vertical Center of Mass Position, and Projected Frontal Area during Maximal 200-m Front Crawl

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Sohei Washino ◽  
Akihiko Murai ◽  
Hirotoshi Mankyu ◽  
Yasuhide Yoshitake
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Area ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Mass Position ◽  
Shape Data

We examined the association between changes in swimming velocity, vertical center of mass (CoM) position, and projected frontal area (PFA) during maximal 200-m front crawl. Three well-trained male swimmers performed a single maximal 200-m front crawl in an indoor 25-m pool. Three-dimensional (3D) shape data of the whole body were fitted to 3D motion data during swimming by using inverse kinematics computation to estimate PFA accurately. Swimming velocity decreased, the vertical CoM position was lowered, and PFA increased with swimming distance. There were significant correlations between swimming velocity and vertical CoM position (|r| = 0.797–0.982) and between swimming velocity and PFA (|r| = 0.716–0.884) for each swimmer. These results suggest that descent of the swimmer’s body and increasing PFA with swimming distance are associated with decreasing swimming velocity, although the causal factor remains unclear.

scholarly journals WHOLE-BODY MRI TO ASSESS SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND FRAILTY DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S87-S88
Author(s):  
Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh ◽  
Jaclyn Sesso ◽  
Jeremy Walston ◽  
Karen Bandeen-Roche ◽  
Joao Lima
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Atherosclerotic Burden ◽  
Early Results

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and frailty have been linked at the mechanistic and epidemiological levels. Our goal is to identify if subclinical markers such as atherosclerosis, body composition, and fibrofatty infiltration measured from non-contrast whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are markers of physical frailty. Community dwelling older adults with frailty status ascertained by Fried measurement are being recruited from an aging studies registry. MRI is performed using a Canon Galan3T with dedicated coils. Preliminary analysis from 4 frail individuals (86±15 years, 3 female, BMI=22±3kg/m2) and 2 age-matched robust controls (86±1 years, 1 female, BMI=28±0.2kg/m2) is presented. Of 4 frail one had a prior heart attack; one was previously diagnosed with heart failure. Mean atheroma score from 28 vessel segments (0.42±0.26 vs 0.18±0.10) and aortic tortuosity (2.3±0.4 vs 2.1±0.1) were higher in frail compared to robust indicative of higher atherosclerotic burden and vascular stiffness. Mean subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were lower in frail compared to robust. However, mean myocardial (1113±27 vs 1089±2), liver (729±92 vs 683±104) and skeletal muscle (1106±25 vs 1072±64) T1 times (milliseconds) were each higher indicative of greater diffuse interstitial fibrosis. Averaged intramuscular fat percent measured across the pelvis, forearm, pectus, thigh, and calf was higher in frail compared to robust (14.8±4.1% vs 8.5±2.3%) indicative of higher fatty infiltration. Although these early results do not reach statistical significance, they support further study to determine cardiovascular and tissue related differences between physically frail and robust older adults, which in turn may inform intervention developments for frailty and CVD.

Efficacy of a Whole-Body Vibration Intervention on Functional Performance of Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trentham P. Furness ◽  
Wayne E. Maschette ◽  
Christian Lorenzen ◽  
Geraldine A. Naughton ◽  
Morgan D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Quantifying Segmental Contributions to Center-of-Mass Motion During Dynamic Continuous Support Surface Perturbations Using Simplified Estimation Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Alison Schinkel-Ivy ◽  
Vicki Komisar ◽  
Carolyn A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mass Motion ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Full Body

Investigating balance reactions following continuous, multidirectional, support surface perturbations is essential for improving our understanding of balance control in moving environments. Segmental motions are often incorporated into rapid balance reactions following external perturbations to balance, although the effects of these motions during complex, continuous perturbations have not been assessed. This study aimed to quantify the contributions of body segments (ie, trunk, head, upper extremity, and lower extremity) to the control of center-of-mass (COM) movement during continuous, multidirectional, support surface perturbations. Three-dimensional, whole-body kinematics were captured while 10 participants experienced 5 minutes of perturbations. Anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical COM position and velocity were calculated using a full-body model and 7 models with reduced numbers of segments, which were compared with the full-body model. With removal of body segments, errors relative to the full-body model increased, while relationship strength decreased. The inclusion of body segments appeared to affect COM measures, particularly COM velocity. Findings suggest that the body segments may provide a means of improving the control of COM motion, primarily its velocity, during continuous, multidirectional perturbations, and constitute a step toward improving our understanding of how the limbs contribute to balance control in moving environments.

Virtual Reality Training With Three-Dimensional Video Games Improves Postural Balance and Lower Extremity Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwoo Lee ◽  
Wonjae Choi ◽  
Kyeongjin Lee ◽  
Changho Song ◽  
Seungwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Virtual Reality Training ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Experimental Group

Avatar-based three-dimensional technology is a new approach to improve physical function in older adults. The aim of this study was to use three-dimensional video gaming technology in virtual reality training to improve postural balance and lower extremity strength in a population of community-dwelling older adults. The experimental group participated in the virtual reality training program for 60 min, twice a week, for 6 weeks. Both experimental and control groups were given three times for falls prevention education at the first, third, and fifth weeks. The experimental group showed significant improvements not only in static and dynamic postural balance but also lower extremity strength (p < .05). Furthermore, the experimental group was improved to overall parameters compared with the control group (p < .05). Therefore, three-dimensional video gaming technology might be beneficial for improving postural balance and lower extremity strength in community-dwelling older adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document