scholarly journals Butyrophilin-like 9 expression is associated with outcome in lung adenocarcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weishuang Ma ◽  
Jiaming Liang ◽  
Junjian Mo ◽  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Ningdong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter

Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with LUAD have a poor 5-year survival rate. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of LUAD has been on the rise in the past decade. This study explored the prognostic role of butyrophilin-like 9 (BTNL9) in LUAD. Methods Gene expression profile of buytrophilins (BTNs) was determined using the GEPIA database. The effect of BTNL9 on the survival of LUAD patients was assessed using Kaplan-Meier plotter and OncoLnc. Correlation between BTNL9 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TILs) was explored using TIMER and GEPIA databases. Further, the relationship between BTNL9 expression and drug response was evaluated using CARE. Besides, construction and evaluation of nomogram based on BTNL9 expression and TNM stage. Results BTNL9 expression was downregulated in LUAD and was associated with a poor probability of 1, 3, 5-years overall survival (OS). In addition, BTNL9 expression was regulated at epigenetic and post-transcriptional modification levels. Moreover, BTNL9 expression was significantly positively correlated with ImmuneScore and ESTIMATEScore. Furthermore, BTNL9 expression was positively associated with infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that BTNL9 expression in B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) was significantly associated with OS. BTNL9 expression was significantly positively correlated with CARE scores. Conclusions These findings show that BTNL9 is a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD. Low BTNL9 expression levels associated with low infiltration levels of naïve B cells, and DCs in the tumor microenvironment are unfavorable for OS in LUAD patients.

An integrative pan-cancer analysis of COPB1 based on data mining

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Heyan Chen ◽  
Kunlong Li ◽  
Yijun Li ◽  
Peilin Xie ◽  
Jianjun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter ◽  
Pan Cancer

BACKGROUND: Cancer will become the leading cause of death worldwide in the 21st century, meanwhile, immunotherapy is the most popular cancer treatment methods in recent years. COPI Coat Complex Subunit Beta 1 (COPB1) relates to human innate immunity. However, the role of COPB1 in pan-cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between COPB1 mRNA expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and immune examination sites in pan-cancer. METHODS: Data from multiple online databases were collected. The BioGPS, UALCAN Database, COSMIC, cBioPortal, Cancer Regulome tools, Kaplan-Meier Plotter and TIMER website were utilized to perform the analysis. RESULTS: Upregulation of COPB1 has been widely observed in tumors tissues compared with normal tissues. Although COPB1 has poor prognosis in pan-cancer, COPB1 high expression was beneficial to the survival of ESCA patients. Unlike ESCA, COPB1 expression in STAD was positively correlated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Finally, we also found that the expression of COPB1 in STAD was positively correlated with PD-L1 and CTLA4. CONCLUSIONS: COPB1 may be a prognostic biomarker for pan-carcinoma, and also provide an immune anti-tumor strategy for STAD based on the expression of COPB1.

scholarly journals Butyrophilin-like 9 regulates immune infiltration and serves as a prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weishuang Ma ◽  
Jiaming Liang ◽  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Hu Ningdong ◽  
Zisheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter

Abstract Background: Butyrophilin (BTN) and butyrophilin-like (BTLN) belong to immunoglobulin superfamily, and also pertain the B7 co-stimulatory molecules family, which has multiple roles in immune modulation. Whether the BTNL9 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) correlates with outcome has not been evaluated.Materials and methods: Oncomine and GEPIA were used to analyze the BTNL9, while its mRNA expression in LUAD and corresponding adjacent tissues was investigated using TIMER. The clinical prognosis of BTNL9 was assessed in the GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and OncoLnc. Besides, the correlation between BTNL9 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TILs) was analyzed using TIMER and GEPIA. The correlation between BTNL9 expression and drug response was analyzed using CARE.Results: BNL9 expression was significantly low in LUAD. Low BTNL9 expression was associated with poor OS, and its expression was found to be regulated by both epigenetic regulation and post-transcriptional modification. BTNL9 expression was significant positively correlated with ImmuneScore and ESTIMATEScore. Moreover, BTNL9 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells, CD4+T, and macrophages, but Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that BTNL9 expression in B cells and DCs was significantly associated with OS. Furthermore, BTNL9 expression has significant positive CARE scores. Conclusions: Low BTNL9 expression can prevent the infiltration of naïve B cells and DCs in the tumor microenvironment and worsen the outcome in LUAD patients. Besides, these findings also suggest the potential role of BTNL9 as a prognostic biomarker and a new immuno-target.

scholarly journals Butyrophilin-Like 9 Regulates Immune Infiltration and Serves as a Prognostic Marker in Lung Adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weishuang Ma ◽  
Jiaming Liang ◽  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Hu Ningdong ◽  
Zisheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter

Abstract Background: Butyrophilin (BTN) and butyrophilin-like (BTLN) belong to immunoglobulin superfamily, and also pertain the B7 co-stimulatory molecules family, which has multiple roles in immune modulation. Whether the BTNL9 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) correlates with outcome has not been evaluated.Methods: Oncomine and GEPIA were used to analyze the BTNL9, while its mRNA expression in LUAD and corresponding adjacent tissues was investigated using TIMER. The clinical prognosis of BTNL9 was assessed in the GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and OncoLnc. Besides, the correlation between BTNL9 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TILs) was analyzed using TIMER and GEPIA. The correlation between BTNL9 expression and drug response was analyzed using CARE.Results: BNL9 expression was significantly low in LUAD. Low BTNL9 expression was associated with poor OS, and its expression was found to be regulated by both epigenetic regulation and post-transcriptional modification. BTNL9 expression was significant positively correlated with ImmuneScore and ESTIMATEScore. Moreover, BTNL9 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells, CD4+T, and macrophages, but Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that BTNL9 expression in B cells and DCs was significantly associated with OS. Furthermore, BTNL9 expression has significant positive CARE scores. Conclusions: Low BTNL9 expression can prevent the infiltration of naïve B cells and DCs in the tumor microenvironment and worsen the outcome in LUAD patients. Besides, these findings also suggest the potential role of BTNL9 as a prognostic biomarker and a new immuno-target.

scholarly journals Overexpressed pseudogene MT1L associated with tumor immune infiltrates and indicates a worse prognosis in BLCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Ding ◽  
Nuomin Liu ◽  
Mengge Chen ◽  
Yulian Xu ◽  
Sha Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Background BLCA is a common cancer worldwide, and it is both aggressive and fatal. Immunotherapy (ICT) has achieved an excellent curative effect in BLCA; however, only some BLCA patients can benefit from ICT. MT1L is a pseudogene, and a previous study suggested that MT1L can be used as an indicator of prognosis in colorectal cancer. However, the role of MT1L in BLCA has not yet been determined. Methods Data were collected from TCGA, and logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to demonstrate the correlation between the pseudogene MT1L and the prognosis of BLCA. To identify the association of MT1L with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, TIMER and TISIDB were utilized. Additionally, GSEA was performed to elucidate the potential biological function. Results The expression of MT1L was decreased in BLCA. Additionally, MT1L was positively correlated with immune cells, such as Tregs (ρ = 0.708) and MDSCs (ρ = 0.664). We also confirmed that MT1L is related to typical markers of immune cells, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. In addition, a high MT1L expression level was associated with the advanced T and N and high grade in BLCA. Increased expression of MT1L was significantly associated with shorter OS times of BLCA patients (p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that MT1L expression could be an independent prognostic factor in BLCA. Conclusion Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the pseudogene MT1L regulates the immune microenvironment, correlates with poor survival, and is an independent prognostic biomarker in BLCA.

scholarly journals The Lung Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment Mining and Its Prognostic Merit

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382097754
Author(s):  
Rongchang Zhao ◽  
Dan Ding ◽  
Wenyan Yu ◽  
Chunrong Zhu ◽  
Yan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Immune Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter ◽  
Tumor Topography

Background: As a common pathological type of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is mainly treated by surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy. Although a relatively mature treatment system has been established, there are few studies on the microenvironment of LUAD. Material and Methods: The immune and stromal scores of patients from the LUAD cohort in the TCGA database were obtained by using ESTIMATE. The relationship of immune and stromal scores with the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of LUAD patients was assessed by R. GO, KEGG and Cox regression analyses were employed to analyze intersecting genes and to identify reliable prognostic markers. The identified genes were also analyzed in the GEPIA database to assess their correlations with survival, and these relationships were verified with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Results: The immune score was related to the survival time and tumor topography of LUAD patients. There was a significant correlation between stromal score and tumor metastasis. Through multivariate analysis, stage (HR = 1.640, 95% CI = 1.019-2.642, P = 0.042) and risk score (HR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.026-1.046, P < 0.001). The genes (ARHGAP15, BTLA, CASS4, CLECL1, FAM129C, STAP1, TESPA1, and S100P) showed credible prognostic value in LUAD patients in TCGA through GEPIA database online analysis and verification in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Conclusions: In the microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma, the differentially expressed genes screened by immune score and stromal score have certain value in evaluating the survival/prognosis of patients, as well as the invasion and progression of tumors.

scholarly journals SLC2A5 Correlated with Immune Infiltration: A Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Lung Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lianxiang Luo ◽  
Jiating Su ◽  
Yushi Zheng ◽  
Fangfang Huang ◽  
Riming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Infiltration ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major subtype of lung cancer with a relatively poor prognosis, requiring novel therapeutic approaches. Great advances in new immunotherapy strategies have shown encouraging results in lung cancer patients. This study is aimed at elucidating the function of SLC2A5 in the prognosis and pathogenesis of LUAD by analyzing public databases. The differential expression of SLC2A5 in various tissues from Oncomine, GEPIA, and other databases was obtained, and SLC2A5 expression at the protein level in normal and tumor tissues was detected with the use of the HPA database. Then, we used the UALCAN database to analyze the expression of SLC2A5 in different clinical feature subgroups. Notably, in both PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases, we found a certain association between SLC2A5 and poor OS outcomes in LUAD patients. Studies based on the TIMER database show a strong correlation between SLC2A5 expression and various immune cell infiltrates and markers. The data analysis in the UALCAN database showed that the decreased promoter methylation level of SLC2A5 in LUAD may lead to the high expression of SLC2A5. Finally, we used the LinkedOmics database to evaluate the SLC2A5-related coexpression and functional networks in LUAD and to investigate their role in tumor immunity. These findings suggest that SLC2A5 correlated with immune infiltration can be used as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LUAD patients.

scholarly journals Identification of SHMT2 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlating With Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianxiang Luo ◽  
Yushi Zheng ◽  
Zhiping Lin ◽  
Xiaodi Li ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background: The role of Serine hydroxymethyltransferase2 (SHMT2) in diverse cancers has attracted increasing attention. However, the prognostic role of SHMT2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its relationship with immune cell infiltration is yet to be studied.Methods: The data of mRNA and clinic in LUAD were respectively downloaded from the GEO and TCGA database. We conducted a biological analysis to select the signature gene SHMT2. Online databases including Oncomine, GEPIA, TISIDB, TIMER, and HPA were applied to analyze the characterization of SHMT2 expression, prognosis and the correlation with immune infiltrates in LUAD.Results: The mRNA expression and protein expression of SHMT2 in LUAD were higher than normal tissue. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the lower expression level of SHMT2 had a better overall survival rate. Multivariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that SHMT2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with LUAD. Meanwhile, the gene SHMT2 was highly associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in LUAD.Conclusions: These results suggest that the SHMT2 gene is a promising candidate as a potential prognostic biomarker and highly associated with different types of phenotypes of immune cell infiltration in LUAD.

32 C-reactive protein (CRP) as a prognostic biomarker in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results from a multi-center international observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A31-A31
Author(s):  
Abdul Rafeh Naqash ◽  
Alessio Cortellini ◽  
Emma Mi ◽  
Sanna Livanainen ◽  
Daria Gramenitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Kaplan Meier

BackgroundCRP is an acute-phase protein produced primarily in response to interleukin IL-6 via transcriptional activation of the STAT3. Recent data have provided mechanistic insights into the immune suppressive role of elevated CRP by elucidating its influence on effector T-cell function and antigen presentation.1 Furthermore, melanoma patients in Checkmate-064 and 067 with high baseline and on-treatment CRP were seen to have a lower response rate and shorter survival to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).2 Given these observations, we sought to evaluate the role of CRP as a prognostic biomarker in advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs from a multi-center international cohort.MethodsBetween 2015–2019, 420 adult patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs alone or with concurrent chemotherapy (Chemo-ICI) were identified at four (1 US and 3 European) academic centers. CRP level in peripheral blood samples collected up to 2 weeks before starting ICI based treatments was considered as baseline. Based on previously validated data, a CRP cutoff of 10 mg/l was used to define CRP-normal (CRP-N) and CRP-high (CRP-H). Association of baseline CRP with median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate proportional hazards regression adjusted for multiple variables.ResultsBaseline CRP value was available in 75.5% of patients, with 66% having CRP-H. The median CRP was 21.0 mg/l. Single-agent nivolumab (44%) and Chemo-ICI (33.3%) were the two most common therapies. CRP-H showed a trend for stronger association with squamous histology (73.7% vs 63.3%; p= 0.063) and female sex (70.8 vs 60.0%; p=0.062) but did not show an association with PD-L1 status (0%, 1–49%, or ≥50%). Patients with CRP-H had a lower objective response rate compared with patients with CRP-N (26.9% vs. 47.6% PR; p=0.029). Compared to those with CRP-N (figure 1), patients with CRP-H had a significantly shorter median PFS [3.9 vs. 6.6 months, HR 1.41 95% CI: (1.07–1.86); p=0.0138] and OS (8.6 vs. 14.8 months, HR 1.55 95% CI [1.13- 2.14]; p=0.0060). In Cox regression analysis, CRP-H was again found to be independently associated with shorter median PFS and OS.ConclusionsThis is the largest international real-world dataset demonstrating significantly inferior outcomes associated with CRP > 10 mg/l in NSCLC patients treated with ICI based therapies. The potential influence of the immune suppressive effects of elevated CRP and IL-6 on the anti-tumor efficacy of ICIs needs prospective evaluation and could potentially be exploited as a therapeutic avenue in NSCLC.Abstract 32 Figure 1Kaplan-Meier Curves with 95% CI for PFS and OSSignificantly inferior median PFS and OS were seen for patients with CRP-H vs. CRP-N.AcknowledgementsSusan Eubanks and Sue-Ann Joyner at the ECU IRB for their help and support.Ethics ApprovalThe primary IRB approval for this study was conducted under an ECU (P-MAIT- UMCIRB-15-001400). Individual approval was also obtained from the respective IRB of each participating institution.ReferencesYoshida T, Ichikawa J, Giuroiu I, et al. C reactive protein impairs adaptive immunity in immune cells of patients with melanoma. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2020.Weber, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019) 100–100

scholarly journals The expression landscape of JAK1 and its potential as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltrates in NSCLC

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikai Shen ◽  
Yuqing Wei ◽  
Tangfeng Lv ◽  
Yong Song ◽  
Xiaogan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Immune Infiltration ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Early Stage Nsclc ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter

Abstract Background Janus-activated kinase-1 (JAK1) plays a crucial role in many aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune regulation. However, correlations of JAK1 with prognosis and immune infiltration in NSCLC have not been documented. Methods We analyzed the relationship between JAK1 expression and NSCLC prognosis and immune infiltration using multiple public databases. Results JAK1 expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC compared with that in paired normal tissues. JAK1 overexpression indicated a favourable prognosis in NSCLC. In subgroup analysis, high JAK1 expression was associated with a preferable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (OS: HR, 0.74, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.95, log-rank P = 0.017), not squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, data from Kaplan–Meier plotter revealed that JAK1 overexpression was associated with a preferable prognosis in male and stage N2 patients and patients without distant metastasis. Notably, increased levels of JAK1 expression were associated with an undesirable prognosis in patients with stage 1 (OS: HR, 1.46, 95% CI from 1.06 to 2.00, P = 0.02) and without lymph node metastasis (PFS: HR, 2.18, 95% CI from 1.06 to 4.46, P = 0.029), which suggests that early-stage NSCLC patients with JAK1 overexpression may have a bleak prognosis. Moreover, multiple immune infiltration cells, including NK cells, CD8 + T and CD4 + T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs), in NSCLC were positively correlated with JAK1 expression. Furthermore, diverse immune markers are associated with JAK1 expression. Conclusions JAK1 overexpression exhibited superior prognosis and immune infiltration in NSCLC.

scholarly journals PER1 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mali Chen ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
Zhen Ma ◽  
Ling Lv
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Immune Infiltration ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter

Background: Period circadian protein homolog 1 (PER1) is an important component of the biorhythm molecular oscillation system and plays an important part in the development and progression of mammalian cancer. However, the correlations of PER1 with prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian cancer (OV) remain unclear.Methods: The Oncomine and TIMER databases were used to examine the expression of PER1 in OV. Kaplan–Meier Plotter and PrognoScan were used to evaluate the relationship between PER1 and prognosis. Kaplan–Meier Plotter was used to analyze the relationships between PER1 and clinicopathological features of OV patients. The relationship between PER1 expression and immune infiltration in OV was investigated using the TIMER database and CIBERSORT algorithm. The STRING database was used to analyze PER1-related protein functional groups, the GeneMANIA online tool was used to analyze gene groups with similar functions to those of PER1, and Network Analyst was used to identify transcription factors that regulate PER1. The correlation between PER1 and immunoinvasion of OV was analyzed using TIMER. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect PER1 expression.Results: PER1 was differentially expressed in different cancer tissues, and its expression in various OV subtypes was lower than that in normal ovarian tissue. OV patients with low PER1 expression had a reduced overall survival rate. Decreased PER1 expression in stage 1 and stage 1+2 OV patients was related to poor prognosis, while increased PER1 expression in stage 3+4 patients and TP53 mutation were related to poor overall survival and progression-free survival. We identified eight genes whose expression was strongly correlated with that of PER1, as well as four transcription factors that regulate PER1. In OV, PER1 expression levels were positively correlated with infiltration levels of cells including neutrophils, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages, and closely related to a variety of immune markers. Reduced expression of PER1 was significantly associated with poor overall survival.Conclusion: These findings suggest that PER1 could be used as a prognostic biomarker to determine prognosis and immune infiltration in OV patients.

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