scholarly journals Examining the recent trends in adolescent sexual and reproductive health in five countries of sub‐Saharan Africa based on PMA and DHS household surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rornald Muhumuza Kananura ◽  
Peter Waiswa ◽  
Dessalegn Y. Melesse ◽  
Cheikh Faye ◽  
Ties Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background The annual collection of fertility, marriage, sexual behaviour, and contraceptive use data in the nationally representative rounds of Performance Monitoring and Accountability (PMA) surveys in sub-Saharan Africa may contribute to the periodic monitoring of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). However, we need to understand the reliability of these data in monitoring the ASRH indicators. We assessed the internal and external consistencies in ASRH indicators in five countries. Methods We included countries with at least three nationally representative rounds of PMA surveys and two recent DHS: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. Our analysis focused on four current status indicators of ASRH among girls 15–19 years: ever had sex, currently married, has given birth or currently pregnant, and currently using modern contraceptives among sexually active unmarried girls. We compared the PMA survey and DHS data and tested for statistical significance and assessed trends over time using Jonckheere-Terpstra test statistic. Results PMA and DHS survey methodologies were similar and, where there were differences, these were shown to have minimal impact on the indicator values. The comparison of the data points from PMA and DHS for the same years showed statistically significant differences in 12 of the 20 comparisons, which was most common for sexual behaviour (4/5) and least for contraceptive use (2/5). This is partly due to larger confidence intervals in both surveys. The time trends were consistent between the annual PMA surveys in most instances in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Nigeria but less so for Ghana and Uganda. However, both surveys highlight slow progress in adolescent and reproductive health indicators with major disparities between the countries. Conclusions Despite the differences between PMA 2020 surveys and DHS surveys conducted in the same year, and inconsistencies of the PMA survey time series for several indicators in some countries, we found no systematic issues with PMA surveys and consider PMA surveys a valuable data source for the assessment of levels and trends of ASRH beyond contraceptive use and family planning for indicators of fertility, marriage, and sex among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Sexual Behaviour, Needs and Concerns Regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health among Adults Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa- A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Chinyere Ofurum
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background:  The sexual and reproductive health of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa should be of paramount importance and, therefore, given the attention it deserves. The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent access to it has aided millions of infected people to live a normal life. However, being on ART is not enough as most of these people despite being on the therapy are faced with needs and concerns that have shaped their sexual behaviour. This review aims to bring to perspective the sexual behaviour, needs, and concerns regarding the sexual and reproductive health of adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with a view to reducing the disease's ultimate burden in the region. Method: An extensive search of articles was carried out using the reporting systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The database search was from JSTORE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Medline, Cochrane, Semantic scholar, and Pubmed. Results: A total of 3,984 results were obtained from the search. The application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria finally gave ten studies which were reviewed. The review revealed, among other things, that a good number of adults living with HIV have multiple sex partners, and some still have sex without condoms. Besides, most of them indicated the need for their own biological children, especially after being on ART for a while. Some women living with HIV in SSA do not have a right to decide on their sexual and reproductive health. Recommendation: It was recommended that there be intense re-orientation and health education for this group of people. Women need to be empowered and taught their rights.

scholarly journals Factors influencing access to and utilisation of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Rose Ninsiima ◽  
Isabel Kazanga Chiumia ◽  
Rawlance Ndejjo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Youth Friendly

Abstract Background Despite the global agreements on adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health and rights, access to and utilisation of these services among the youth/adolescents remain unsatisfactory in low- and middle-income countries which are a significant barrier to progress in this area. This review established factors influencing access and utilisation of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services (YFSRHS) among the youth in sub-Saharan Africa to inform programmatic interventions. Methodology A systematic review of studies published between January 2009 and April 2019 using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Studies were screened based on the inclusion criteria of barriers and facilitators of implementation of YFSRHS, existing national policies on provision of YFSRHS, and youth’s perspectives on these services. Findings A total of 23,400 studies were identified through database search and additional 5 studies from other sources. After the full-text screening, 20 studies from 7 countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Structural barriers were the negative attitude of health workers and their being unskilled and individual barriers included lack of knowledge among youth regarding YFSRHS. Facilitators of utilisation of the services were mostly structural in nature which included community outreaches, health education, and policy recommendations to improve implementation of the quality of health services and clinics for adolescents/youth to fit their needs and preferences. Conclusion Stakeholder interventions focusing on implementing YFSRHS should aim at intensive training of health workers and put in place quality implementation standard guidelines in clinics to offer services according to youth’s needs and preferences. In addition, educating the youth through community outreaches and health education programs for those in schools can facilitate utilisation and scale up of the service.

scholarly journals Finnish Official Development Aid for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa

2010 ◽  
pp. 143-170
Author(s):  
Riikka Shemeikka
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hiv Aids

Finland is one of the donor countries that is most supportive in family planning (FP), Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) and gender issues. This study examines Finnish ODA for FP and SRHR: its decision-making structure, other stakeholders and funding levels. Data consists of documents from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) and interviews conducted at the MFA and with other experts. While Parliament decides on the overall level of ODA funding, the Minister for Foreign Trade and Development has considerable autonomy. Other stakeholders such as the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Population and Development and the Family Federation of Finland (Vestliitto) engage in advocacy work and have influenced development policy. Although the Development Policy 2007 mentions the importance of health and SRHR issues and HIV/AIDS is a cross-cutting issue, interviewees stated that the importance of health and SRHR in ODA has declined and that the implementation of cross-cutting issues is challenging. Multilateral funding for UNFPA, UNAIDS and GFATM, and thus the proportion of SRHR funding within the health sector, is however currently rising. Funding for population-related activities has increased and represented 4.8% of Finlands total ODA in 2009. Almost all of this funding is directed towards basic reproductive health and HIV/AIDS issues and the majority is directed through multilateral channels (78% in 2009), mainly UNFPA and UNAIDS. IPPF, Ipas and Marie Stopes International also receive support.

scholarly journals Effective Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Education Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatch W. Kalembo ◽  
Maggie Zgambo ◽  
Du Yukai
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The objective of this review was to explore and identify feasible, socially acceptable and effective adolescent sexual and reproductive health education (ASRHE) programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Four databases were searched to identify studies conducted within the past 15 years which evaluate the effectiveness of ASRHE programs in sub-Saharan Africa. The databases searched were Embase, Medline, CINAHL, PyscINFO. A further search for relevant articles was made in the Google scholar website. The title and abstract of each article were analyzed for relevance by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Further scrutiny and extraction of the studies was completed by selecting only those studies which met the criteria for inclusion. Results: Fifteen studies were identified. School, peer, mass media, health facility and community based ASRHE programs showed positive impact in one or more of the following outcomes in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: ( i) knowledge of HIV transmission; (ii) perceived personal risk of contracting HIV/ AIDS; (iii) self-efficacy to negotiate condom use; (iv) discussion with others about HIV/AIDS or condom use; (v) abstinence from sexual relations; (vi) reduction in high-risk sexual behavior; (vii) condom use (vii) testing for sexually transmitted infection (STI) and (viii) treatment seeking behavior. Conclusion: ASRHE programs of diverse forms can produce positive change in adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). There is need for rigorous research to assess long term behavioral effects of culturally tailored comprehensive ASRHE programs in sub-Saharan Africa.

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Saiqa Mullick ◽  
Melanie Pleaner ◽  
Mopo Radebe ◽  
Chelsea Morroni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Level

This chapter provides a high level overview of key sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues in adolescent health with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The chapter begins by providing an overview of key targets and definitions relating to adolescent SRH and then goes on to describe the heterogenous nature of SRH needs of adolescents, highlighting their often overlapping and multiple needs as well as challenges and barriers to access. The chapter then provides a synopsis of selected SRH issues, including prevalence and public health relevance, as well as a summary of evidence-based interventions. The chapter ends with controversies and challenges, as well as recommendations for future areas for research. It should be read in conjunction with Chapter 31 on HIV in adolescents.

Association between type of contraceptive use and haemoglobin status among women of reproductive age in 24 sub-Saharan Africa countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Gebremedhin ◽  
Anteneh Asefa
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

BackgroundLittle is known whether contraceptive methods differentially modify women’s risk of anaemia or not. We compared the haemoglobin status of women currently using different fertility regulation methods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where anaemia is a major concern.MethodsWe conducted the study based on the secondary data of 24 nationally representative demographic and health surveys carried out recently in SSA. The data of 105 532 women were included in the analysis. In the original surveys, respondents were selected using multistage sampling techniques and haemoglobin was determined using the HemoCue analyser. The association between method of contraception and anaemia status was determined via a mixed-effects logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders. The outputs are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI.ResultsThe mean (±SD deviation) haemoglobin was 12.3 (±1.7) g/dl and 36.7% of the women had anaemia. Current use of modern contraceptives, as compared with non-use, was associated with a 25% reduction (AOR=0.75 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.78)) in the odds of anaemia. Comparison among individual modern methods showed, as compared with current barrier methods users, use of injectables (AOR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.67)), oral contraceptive pills (OCP) (AOR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.66)) and implants (AOR=0.63 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.70)) were significantly associated with reduced odds of anaemia. With reference to women with less than 12 months of use, the odds were significantly reduced by about a quarter among women with more than 12 months of OCP or injectables use.ConclusionThe use of hormonal contraceptives is associated with lower odds of anaemia.

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