scholarly journals Perceived driving safety and estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) the morning after drinking amongst young Australians attending a music festival: a cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fernando ◽  
Johanna Buckland ◽  
Prashina Melwani ◽  
Vanessa Tent ◽  
Philip Preston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Music Festival

scholarly journals Drinking behaviours and blood alcohol concentration in four European drinking environments: a cross-sectional study

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hughes ◽  
Zara Quigg ◽  
Mark A Bellis ◽  
Ninette van Hasselt ◽  
Amador Calafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence of substance use among trauma patients treated in a Brazilian emergency room

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Diehl Reis ◽  
Neliana Buzi Figlie ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: Although there is a considerable amount of data in the literature regarding the association between alcohol consumption and injuries treated in emergency rooms, little is known about the relationship between such injury and the use of other substances. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of substance use in patients admitted to the emergency room for non-fatal injuries. METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study assessing all patients admitted to the emergency room within 6 hours after a non-fatal injury was conducted over a three-month period. The following were used as measures of alcohol and drug use: a standardized World Health Organization questionnaire; a self-administered questionnaire related to drug consumption within the 24 hours preceding contact; the Drug Abuse Screening Test; urine screens for cannabis, cocaine and benzodiazepines; and determination of blood alcohol concentration. Descriptive analyses were performed and the confidence interval used was 95%. RESULTS: A total of 353 patients were included. Cannabis and cocaine screens were conducted for 242 patients and benzodiazepine screens were conducted for 166. Blood alcohol concentrations reached the level of positivity in 11% (n = 39), and 10% (n = 33) presented some degree of intoxication. Among the 242 patients screened, 13.6% (n = 33) tested positive for cannabis, and 3.3% (n = 8) tested positive for cocaine, whereas 4.2% (n = 7) of the 166 patients screened tested positive for benzodiazepines. CONCLUSIONS: Substance use was highly prevalent among these individuals. In this sample, the frequency for the use of cannabis (an illicit drug) was comparable to that of alcohol. More studies are needed in order to characterize such use among Brazilians and to develop proper approaches to such cases, with the aim of reducing substance use and its consequences.

scholarly journals The association between the time of alcohol drinking and injury risk in Thailand: a cross‐sectional emergency department study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bundit Sornpaisarn ◽  
Sarnti Sornpaisarn ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments ◽  
Type Of Injury

Abstract Background Although the relationship between acute alcohol consumption and injuries is well recognized, studies exploring how the time of day the drinking commences affects alcohol-related injuries have been scarce. This contribution examines the associations between the time at which the drinking began and the duration of the drinking, the volume of alcohol consumed, the injury type, and the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. Method This study employed a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in two hospital emergency departments (ED) in Chiangmai Province, Thailand. The sample was composed of 519 injured patients aged 18 years and older. Outcome measures included the BAC and type of injury. Exposures included the quantity of alcohol consumed, the time the drinking commenced, and the pattern of drinking involved. Results The injured patients who drank alcohol within six hours prior to sustaining their injury were more likely to get injured and present themselves at the ED at night (20:00–04:00) compared to those who sustained an injury but did not drink in the hours prior. However, this relationship was only true for unintentional injuries, not intentional ones. The majority of participants consumed their first drink between 16:00 and 20:00. On average, among the 104 patients who drank prior to sustaining an injury, the total amount of alcohol consumed was 6.9 drinks, the duration of drinking was 2.6 h, the rate of drinking was 6.0 drinks/hour, and the BAC was 0.119 gm%. Every drink increased the BAC by 0.012 gm% and each year of increasing age increased the BAC by 0.003 gm%. People who were older, less educated, and drank more frequently tended to have their first drink earlier than other drinkers. An earlier start to their drinking resulted in a faster pace of drinking and a higher BAC. Conclusions BAC increased with the total amount of alcohol consumed and the age of the drinker. Different groups of people had their first drink at different times of the day, resulting in differences in the rate of drinking, the BAC, the time of injury, and the time they presented to the ED after injury.

scholarly journals Relative risk of injury due to alcohol consumption in car and motorcycle drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1525-1531
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Yadollahi ◽  
Forough Pazhuheian
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Injury

Background: There is strong evidence that a substantial number of fatal as well as nonfatal injuries in road traffic accidents result from alcohol consumption and abuse. Aims: To examine the relationship between blood alcohol concentration and characteristics of injury in trauma patients admitted to a major teaching hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional investigation of trauma characteristics among 38 435 car and motorcycle drivers referred to the South of Iran Trauma Center between October and March 2018. A log-binomial regression model was used to evaluate the relative risk of each covariate on the Injury Severity Score. Results: There were 253 patients (7.78%) with alcohol consumption. Also, blood alcohol level was positive in 8.66% and 6.93% of car and motorcycle drivers, respectively. The ISS in alcohol consumers and nonconsumers was 6.34 (standard deviation; 8.73) and 4.12 (7.78), respectively, which was significantly higher in the alcohol consumers (t test = 12.96, P < 0.001). Therefore, alcohol consumption was a significant factor in increasing the relative risk of injury, which was 2.83 units more than among drivers who had not consumed alcohol. Conclusions: Our findings show that the police and law enforcement agencies have a responsibility to enforce stricter rules to reduce drink driving and the burden of trauma on the healthcare system.

A Cross Sectional Study of Incidence of Alcohol Consumption in Patients Admitted with Traumatic Injury in the Department of Surgery, Maharaja Yashwant Rao Hospital, Indore

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 2462-2466
Author(s):  
Paresh Sodhiya ◽  
Khushal Rao Hurmade ◽  
Sanjay Mahajan ◽  
Gajendra Dandotiya ◽  
Manisankar Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breath Analyzer ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND The number of trauma cases is increasing day by day in our setup. Daily 10-15 patients of trauma came to MYH, we found that among these patients many patients have under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol consumption is the leading cause of trauma and reason for visitation to emergency department. We wanted to prospectively study the incidence of alcoholism in victims of trauma admitted in Dept of surgery, MYH Indore and correlate the severity of trauma in relation to blood alcohol concentration. METHODS This cross sectional study conducted at Maharaja Yashwant Rao Hospital from January 2019 to march 2020 and it includes all patients 16 years and above with traumatic injury admitted in Department of Surgery. Breath analyzer test will be done on all patients and levels will be documented. RESULTS In our study head injury (73.6 %) was the most common type of injury in which breath analyzer testing was found positive in 82 %,followed by burn (12.7 %) in which breath analyzer testing was found positive in 2.1 %, followed by poly trauma (4 %) in which breath analyzer testing was found positive in 4.3 %, followed by blunt trauma chest (2.4 %) in which breath testing was found positive in 2.7 %, followed by limbs (0.7 %) in which breath analyzer testing was found positive in 0.9 %. CONCLUSIONS In our study we have found that out of total 3105 patients history of alcoholism is present in 1420 patients while breath alcohol analyzing test positive in 2072 patients and there is significance relationship between trauma and history of alcoholism with the p value of <0.0001. We also found that significant relationship between trauma and breath alcohol analyzing testing with the p value of <0.0001. KEYWORDS Glasgow Coma Scale, Blood Alcohol Concentration, Road Traffic Accidents, Emergency Department, Breath Analyzer

The Importance of Alcohol Testing by Gas Chromatography vs the Cordebard Classical Method Modified in the Medico Legal Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2407-2410
Author(s):  
Dan Perju Dumbrava ◽  
Carmen Corina Radu ◽  
Sofia David ◽  
Tatiana Iov ◽  
Catalin Jan Iov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Alcohol Testing ◽  
Living Person

Considering the growing number of requests from the criminal investigations authorities addressed to the institutions of legal medicine, testing of blood alcohol concentration both in the living person and in the corpse, we believe that a presentation of the two methods which are used in our country, is a topic of interest at present. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the technical details on how blodd alcohol concentration is realised by means of the gas chromatographic method and the classical one, (Cordebard modified by D. Banciu and I. Droc) respectively. Another purpose of this article is to also show, in a comparative way, the elements that make the gas chromatographic method superior to the former one.

A Driving Simulator Study of the Performance Effects of Low Blood Alcohol Concentration

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wade Allen ◽  
Zareh Parseghian ◽  
Anthony C. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
And Performance

There is a large body of research that documents the impairing effect of alcohol on driving behavior and performance. Some of the most significant alcohol influence seems to occur in divided attention situations when the driver must simultaneously attend to several aspects of the driving task. This paper describes a driving simulator study of the effect of a low alcohol dose, .055 BAC (blood alcohol concentration %/wt), on divided attention performance. The simulation was mechanized on a PC and presented visual and auditory feedback in a truck cab surround. Subjects were required to control speed and steering on a rural two lane road while attending to a peripheral secondary task. The subject population was composed of 33 heavy equipment operators who were tested during both placebo and drinking sessions. Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed a significant and practical alcohol effect on a range of variables in the divided attention driving task.

4. Are a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 256mg/dl and Minimal Signs of Impairment Reliable Indications of Alcohol Dependence?

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Jones
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Driving Scenario

This article describes a drink-driving scenario where a woman was apprehended for driving under the influence (DUI) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 256mg/dl1 The correctness of this result was vigorously challenged by a medical expert witness for the defence, who was actually a specialist in alcohol diseases. Despite reanalysis to confirm the BAC as well as a DNA profile to prove the identity of the blood specimen, the woman was acquitted of the charge of drunk driving by the lower court. However, she was subsequently found guilty in the High Court of Appeals with a unanimous decision and sentenced to four weeks imprisonment. This case report illustrates some of the problems surrounding the use of expert medical evidence by the defence to challenge the validity of the prosecution evidence based solely on a suspect's BAC. In situations such as these, an expert witness should be called by the prosecution to clarify and, if necessary, rebut medical and/or scientific opinions that might mislead the court and influence the outcome of the trial.

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