Evaluation of Dirofilaria immitis antigen detection comparing heated and unheated serum in dogs with experimental heartworm infections

Dogs from two locations in West Slovakiasuspected to have dirofilariosis were tested with the help of microfilariae detection, histochemical identification of microfilaria species and Dirofilaria immitis specific antigen detection in the blood serum. Six out of the group of 15 dogs from Bratislava region were found positive with Dirofilaria repens microfilariae. In the second location situated farther to the south, near Komarno, 6 out of 7 dogs were found positive with D. repens microfilariae and 2 with D. immitis. Serological detection of D. immitis antigen was positive in 3 cases among the dogs from this region, 2 of which were found positive with D. immitis microfilariae simultaneously with D. repens. The infection was asymptomatic in all of the dogs included in the trial.

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Increased detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in cats after heat pretreatment of samples

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x16670562 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1013-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jeff M Gruntmeir ◽

Chris B Adolph ◽

Jennifer E Thomas ◽

Mason V Reichard ◽

Byron L Blagburn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Heat Pretreatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Diagnostic Samples ◽

Adult Cats

Objectives To determine whether pretreating diagnostic samples with heat increases the detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in adult cats, we evaluated feline serum and plasma samples collected in heartworm-endemic areas of the southern United States. Methods Commercial microtiter well assays for detection of D immitis antigen were used to evaluate serum or plasma samples from 385 shelter and free-roaming cats from the southcentral and southeastern United States before and after heat treatment; commercial antibody tests were performed on a subset of samples. Results Prior to sample heat treatment, 1/220 (0.5%) shelter cats and 4/165 (2.4%) free-roaming cats had detectable D immitis antigen. After heat pretreatment, the detection rate increased to 13/220 (5.9%) and 13/165 (7.9%), respectively. Antibody reactive to D immitis was significantly more common ( P <0.001) in the serum of cats that were antigen positive after heat treatment (10/13; 76.9%) than serum from cats that remained antigen negative after heat treatment (22/163; 13.5%). Conclusions and relevance Heat pretreatment of feline samples increased antigen detection by commercial assays for D immitis and improved overall concordance of antigen and antibody test results in antigen-positive samples in this population. Although further work to investigate the specificity of D immitis antigen assays when using pre-treated samples is warranted, this approach may be useful in the diagnosis of heartworm infection in individual cats and may increase the accuracy of surveys based on antigen detection.

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Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143018 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 278-279

Author(s):

W. L. Steffens ◽

Nancy B. Roberts ◽

J. M. Bowen

Keyword(s):

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Structural Description ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Free Living ◽

Canine Heartworm ◽

The World ◽

Synaptic Region ◽

Muscle Innervation ◽

Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

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Smooth Muscle Proliferation in Chronically Injured Canine Pulmonary Arteries Is Reduced by a Potent Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor U-53,059

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661313 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 53 (03) ◽

pp. 351-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Robert G Schaub ◽

James C Keith ◽

Carol A Simmons ◽

Clarence A Rawlings

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Leukocyte Adhesion ◽

Pulmonary Arteries ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Endothelial Cell Loss ◽

Dense Granules ◽

Smooth Muscle Proliferation ◽

Aggregation Inhibitor

Summary Dirofilaria immitis (DI) infection chronically injures canine pulmonary arteries. This injury produces endothelial cell loss, platelet/leukocyte adhesion, and smooth muscle proliferation. In the present study we assessed the effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, U-53,059, on platelet function, platelet kinetics, coagulation, and smooth muscle proliferation in DI infected dogs.Platelet aggregation to the combination of arachidonic acid/ ADP was significantly inhibited by U-53,059. Coagulation and hematologic parameters were not effected by either DI infection or U-53,059 treatment. Platelet survival and the number of platelet dense granules were reduced in DI infection. Quantification of the lesions demonstrated that U-53,059 reduced both severity and density compared to non-treated dogs. U-53,059 is a potent and effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation which modifies smooth muscle proliferation produced by chronic vascular injury.

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PILOT EVALUATION OF A QUANTITATIVE SEROTYPE-SPECIFIC URINE ANTIGEN DETECTION TEST (SS-UAD) TO IDENTIFY PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN <5 YEARS

10.26226/morressier.5731f0d5d462b8029237f9dc ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Deloria Knoll

Keyword(s):

Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

Urine Antigen

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Point-of-care urine lipoarabinomannan antigen detection for diagnosis of tuberculosis in children.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.736725267.793565963 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony Harries ◽

Kudakwashe C Takarinda

Keyword(s):

Point Of Care ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

Tuberculosis In Children

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PREVALENCE OF CERTAIN VIRAL DISEASES AND DIROFILARIA IMMITIS INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN BANGLADESH

Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research ◽

10.36111/jvmohr.2019.1(1).0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Tarafder

Keyword(s):

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Large Population ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Small Animals ◽

Antigen Test ◽

Stray Dogs ◽

Negative Results ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Canine Influenza

Background: Stray and pet dogs constitute the dog population in Bangladesh without any established dog statistics. Diseases of dogs are not only associated with morbidity and mortality in dogs but also associated with human health problems as zoonotic diseases. Inland reports on the prevalence of dog diseases are limited in Bangladesh and there is need to investigate diseases in both stray and pet dog populations. Objectives: The main objective is to determine the prevalence of Canine distemper (CD), Canine adenovirus- 1 (CAV-1), CAV-2, Canine influenza (CI) and Dirofilaria immitis (Heart worm infection = HWI) infection in stray dogs in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Blood, ocular and nasal samples were collected from each of 30 randomly caught stray dogs (11 male and 19 female) and of different ages, including growing (n = 3) and adult (n = 27) dogs in the district of Mymensingh in Bangladesh from January to June 2010. These samples were tested by using Antigen Test Kits (RapiGEN Inc, Korea). Results: All the 30 stray dogs showed negative results to CD, CAV-1 and CAV-2, whereas an overall high prevalence of CI (4/30; 13.33%) and HWI (15/30; 50.0%) were recorded. The higher prevalence of CI was recorded in growing (n = 2/3; 66.67%) than adult (n = 2/27; 7.41%) but it did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between male (n = 2/11; 18.18%) and female (n = 2/19; 10.53%) dogs. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence of D. immitis infection was recorded in adult (n = 15/27; 55.56%) than growing (0/3; 0.0%), male (n = 8/11; 72.73%) than female (n = 7/19; 36.84%) dogs. Conclusions: Further studies on CI and D. immitis are necessary on a large population of stray and pet small animals along with humans to ascertain their importance on health and zoonotic significance in Bangladesh. Key words: Viral diseases, Dirofilariasis, Stray dogs, Antigen test kits

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