Effect of predisposing factors on microbial loads in camel milk along the pastoral dairy value chain in Kenya

Aim: The study was carried out to assess the microbial quality and safety of fermented camel milk product (Suusac) from North Eastern Kenya. Methodology: Twenty-eight samples (n=28) of Suusac from different areas of the region sold in informal markets at Eastleigh in Nairobi were aseptically collected at the sales points. The quality and safety of the Suusac with reference to selected pathogens namely E. coli, S. aureus, Shigella, and Klebsiella spp was evaluated using the standard analytical methods. Results: Escherichia coli were detected in all the samples while Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 63.09% of the samples analyzed. Shigella spp was detected in 88.1% of the samples analyzed and Klebsiella spp was detected in 77.4% of the samples. The mean log10 counts for E. coli, S. aureus, Shigella, and Klebsiella spp were 3.135, 2.576, 2.784 and 3.138, CFUmL-1, respectively. There is a potential public health concern posed by Suusac which is sold for direct consumption due to the presence of the life-threatening bacterial pathogens. Conclusion: The Suusac being sold at Eastleigh market in Nairobi from North Eastern Kenya may be responsible for transmission of the pathogens to the consumers. Training on food hygiene, improving production technology, hygienic conditions and implementing the food legislations along the value chain can minimize the risk.

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Quality and safety of camel milk along the value chain in Eastern Ethiopia

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs/2.2.2013.a2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mulugojjam Adugna ◽

Eyassu Seifu ◽

Ameha Kebeded ◽

Reiner Doluschitz

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Quality And Safety ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Hygienic Measures ◽

Bacillus Spp

The safety of camel milk was assessed along the value chain in Erer, eastern Ethiopia. A total of 24 camel milk samples were aseptically collected from producers in Erer (n=12), and wholesalers and retailers (n=12) along the chain. Milk quality parameters were analyzed following standard procedures. The mean (±SD) total bacteria (TBC), Enterobacteriaceae (EC), coliform (CC), spore-forming bacteria (SFBC) and yeast and mould (YMC) counts of the milk samples analyzed were 5.2 ± 1.90, 3.2 ± 2.30, 2.9 ± 2.27, 2.1 ± 2.41 and 2.7 ± 1.61 log10 cfu mL-1, respectively. The TBC, EC, CC and SFBC of milk samples obtained from retailers in the final marketing sites were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those obtained from producers and wholesalers in Erer. Salmonella spp. was detected in milk samples collected from all sites. Other microorganisms isolated from camel milk samples include Staphylococcus aureus (16.2%), Entrobacter spp. (14.9%), Streptococcus spp. (13.5%),Escherichia coli (8.1%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.8%), Klebsiella spp. (6.1%), Bacillus spp. (5.4%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.4%), Micrococcus spp. (4.7%), Lactobacillus spp. (4.1%), Listeria spp. (4.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (2%) and Shigella spp. (1.4% ). The quality of camel milk produced in the study area was generally poor and microbial contamination of camel milk occurs along the value chain while it is transported from the production site to the market. This calls for strict hygienic measures along the entire value chain in order to improve the quality and safety of camel milk produced in the area evaluated.

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Quality and safety of camel milk along the value chain in Eastern Ethiopia

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs.v2i2.133 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mulugojjam Adugna ◽

Eyassu Seifu ◽

Ameha Kebeded ◽

Reiner Doluschitz

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Quality And Safety ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Hygienic Measures ◽

Bacillus Spp

The safety of camel milk was assessed along the value chain in Erer, eastern Ethiopia. A total of 24 camel milk samples were aseptically collected from producers in Erer (n=12), and wholesalers and retailers (n=12) along the chain. Milk quality parameters were analyzed following standard procedures. The mean (±SD) total bacteria (TBC), Enterobacteriaceae (EC), coliform (CC), spore-forming bacteria (SFBC) and yeast and mould (YMC) counts of the milk samples analyzed were 5.2 ± 1.90, 3.2 ± 2.30, 2.9 ± 2.27, 2.1 ± 2.41 and 2.7 ± 1.61 log10 cfu mL-1, respectively. The TBC, EC, CC and SFBC of milk samples obtained from retailers in the final marketing sites were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those obtained from producers and wholesalers in Erer. Salmonella spp. was detected in milk samples collected from all sites. Other microorganisms isolated from camel milk samples include Staphylococcus aureus (16.2%), Entrobacter spp. (14.9%), Streptococcus spp. (13.5%),Escherichia coli (8.1%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.8%), Klebsiella spp. (6.1%), Bacillus spp. (5.4%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.4%), Micrococcus spp. (4.7%), Lactobacillus spp. (4.1%), Listeria spp. (4.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (2%) and Shigella spp. (1.4% ). The quality of camel milk produced in the study area was generally poor and microbial contamination of camel milk occurs along the value chain while it is transported from the production site to the market. This calls for strict hygienic measures along the entire value chain in order to improve the quality and safety of camel milk produced in the area evaluated.

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Value chain analysis and sanitary risks of the camel milk system supplying Nairobi city, Kenya

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.09.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dishon Muloi ◽

Pablo Alarcon ◽

Jackson Ombui ◽

Kisa J. Ngeiywa ◽

Bulle Abdullahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Value Chain Analysis ◽

Chain Analysis

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Bacteriological quality of raw camel milk along the market value chain in Fafen zone, Ethiopian Somali regional state

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-016-2088-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tsegalem Abera ◽

Yoseph Legesse ◽

Behar Mummed ◽

Befekadu Urga

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Market Value ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Bacteriological Quality ◽

Regional State ◽

Market Value Chain

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Physicochemical and Microbiological Post-Harvest Losses of Camel Milk Along the Camel Milk Value Chain in Isiolo, Kenya

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.4.2.01 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 80-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicanor Odongo ◽

Peter Lamuka ◽

George Abong ◽

Joseph Matofari ◽

Khalif Abey

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Value Chain ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Viable Count ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Total Viable Count ◽

Microbial Counts ◽

Post Harvest ◽

The Mean ◽

Milk Value Chain

Camel milk value chain experiences a lot of constrains which are likely to leads to high post-harvest losses due to physicochemical and microbiological changes. However, the magnitude of these quality and quantity losses have not been quantified. The objective of this study was to quantify these losses at different stages along the camel milk value chain. The study established the mean pH along the Isiolo value chain to range from 6.5 to 6.6 and did not show significant (p>0.05) difference along the chain. The percentage lactic acid ranged from 1.63 to 2.07 and showed significant (p<0.05) different along the chain. 3.57% and 4.76% of milk at delivered at bulking/cooling hub in Isiolo town and terminal market at Eastleighin Nairobi,respectively, failed alcohol test. Total viable count (TVC) showed the highest count along the chain (1.78x106 to 8.1x108) while Staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest count along the chain (1.3x104 to 2.0x106). Generally the microbial counts increased along the chain. This could be due to the longer withholding time of the milk at the various points along the chain. More milk was lost due to Total viable count standard than coliform counts standard, 100% of milk at the terminal Eastleigh market, Nairobi were rejected due to TVC while 92.5% rejected due to coliform counts. Camel milk value chain was therefore shown to be of poor microbiological quality which results to a lot of milk post-harvest losses.

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