scholarly journals Synthesis of metallic aluminum particles by electrolysis in aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Hosoya ◽  
Takehiro Yonezawa ◽  
Noriko Yamauchi ◽  
Kouichi Nakashima ◽  
Yoshio Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Aluminum Particles ◽  
Aluminum Nitrate Nonahydrate ◽  
Aqueous Aluminum

AbstractThe present work proposes a method for fabricating metallic Al particles in aqueous solution. An aqueous colloidal solution was prepared from an aqueous aluminum nitrate nonahydrate solution by electrolysis using metallic Al plates as the anode and cathode under ultrasonic irradiation in water at 25–45 °C. The sizes of the particles in the colloidal solutions prepared at 25, 35, and 45 °C were 76.3, 77.0, and 84.7 nm, respectively. The powder obtained from the colloidal solution prepared at 25 °C was not crystalline. By contrast, the powders obtained from the colloidal solutions prepared at 35 and 45 °C had a crystal structure of cubic Al and crystal sizes of 55.7 and 59.3 nm, respectively. Thus, elevated temperatures promoted both particle growth and crystal growth, which was explained by higher temperatures increasing the frequency and energy of particle collisions. The metallic Al particles were chemically stable in both an aqueous solution and the ambient atmosphere. The chemically stable metallic Al particles are expected to be used as sources for fabricating materials related to fuels, energy storage, and pigments.

scholarly journals The Mixed-Electrode Concept for Understanding Growth and Aggregation Behavior of Metal Nanoparticles in Colloidal Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Johann Köhler ◽  
Andrea Knauer
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Nanoparticle Growth ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Spherical Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
High Yields ◽  
And Behavior

The growth and aggregation behavior of metal nanoparticles can be modulated by surfactants and different other additives. Here the concept of how open-circuit mixed electrodes helps to understand the electrical aspects of nanoparticle growth and the consequences for the particle geometries is discussed. A key issue is the self-polarization effect of non-spherical metal nanoparticles, which causes a local decoupling of anodic and partial processes and asymmetry in the local rates of metal deposition. These asymmetries can contribute to deciding to the growth of particles with high aspect ratios. The interpretation of electrochemical reasons for particle growth and behavior is supported by experimental results of nanoparticle syntheses supported by microfluidics which can supply high yields of non-spherical nanoparticles and colloidal product solutions of high homogeneity.

Stability of Ammoniated Latex and Soap-Stabilized Emulsions in the Presence of Complex Zinc Salts

1957 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
T. S. McRoberts
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Oil Particles

Abstract The solubility of zinc oxide in solutions of ammonia and different ammonium salts has been determined. The interaction between ammonium laurate and zinc ammine (or ethylene diammine) salts has been studied in aqueous solution, in latex, and in oil emulsions. The results indicate that destabilization of ammoniated latex or soap-stabilized emulsions by dissolved zinc oxide is due to the presence of zinc diammine ions, which form insoluble dilaurates. It is suggested that the increased rate of destabilization at elevated temperatures is most probably due to a decrease in hydration of the zinc diammine dilaurate formed at the surface of the rubber or oil particles.

X-ray absorption studies of metal complexes in aqueous solution at elevated temperatures

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.W. Mosselmans ◽  
P.F. Schofield ◽  
J.M. Charnock ◽  
C.D. Garner ◽  
R.A.D. Pattrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Bis(β-lactosyl)-[60]fullerene as novel class of glycolipids useful for the detection and the decontamination of biological toxins of the Ricinus communis family

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1504-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Dohi ◽  
Takeru Kanazawa ◽  
Akihiro Saito ◽  
Keita Sato ◽  
Hirotaka Uzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Azide Group ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Sds Page

Glycosyl-[60]fullerenes were first used as decontaminants against ricin, a lactose recognition proteotoxin in the Ricinus communis family. A fullerene glycoconjugate carrying two lactose units was synthesized by a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between C60 and the azide group in 6-azidohexyl β-lactoside per-O-acetate. A colloidal aqueous solution with brown color was prepared from deprotected bis(lactosyl)-C60 and was found stable for more than 6 months keeping its red color. Upon mixing with an aqueous solution of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120), the colloidal solution soon caused precipitations, while becoming colorless and transparent. In contrast, a solution of concanavalin A (Con A) caused no apparent change, indicating that the precipitation was caused specifically by carbohydrate–protein interactions. This notable phenomenon was quantified by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the results were discussed in terms of detection and decontamination of the deadly biological toxin in the Ricinus communis family.

Direct growth of ZnO crystals on various Cu substrates by Cu-catalyzed chemical bath deposition

CrystEngComm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 2476-2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Shinagawa ◽  
Hisaya Takahashi ◽  
Masanobu Izaki
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Catalytic Action ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Dimethylamine Borane ◽  
Cu Substrates ◽  
Direct Growth

By the catalytic action of Cu on DMAB, ZnO crystals grow directly on various Cu substrates immersed in an aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and dimethylamine borane at 80 °C under an ambient atmosphere.

Isoprene and Rubber. XVIII. Viscosity Studies on Balata

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Staudinger ◽  
E. O. Leupold
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Colloidal Particle ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Specific Viscosity ◽  
Micellar Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Varied views prevail as to the structure of the colloidal particles present in a rubber solution. According to Harries, Pummerer, and many others, these colloidal particles are formed through the association or aggregation of smaller molecules. According to Meyer and Mark they have a micellar structure, the micelles forming through the apposition of main valence chains. On the other hand, it was assumed by one of the present authors that the elementary particles in a colloidal solution of rubber are identical with the rubber molecules, these large, especially labile molecules being called macromolecules. Thus the existence of much larger molecules than any hitherto known was postulated. This view was confirmed by the conversion of rubber to hydro-rubber capable of forming colloidal solutions, and also by the pyrogenic decomposition of rubber. In order to decide definitely between the two conceptions, the stability of the colloidal particle in a rubber solution was studied by means of viscosity measurements at various temperatures as was done in the case of the polystyrols. If these colloidal particles form aggregates or if they have a micellar structure, they should decrease in size with increase in temperature, and this change should be evidenced by a diminution of the specific viscosity of the colloidal solution. On the other hand, if such a solution is composed of molecules, the specific viscosity at various temperatures is the same, provided that the molecules are not decomposed at higher temperatures. This line of research led to an explanation of the constitution of the colloidal particles in a polystyrol solution and was now applied to balata, since the latter is especially easily purified.

scholarly journals Determination of the Aspect-ratio Distribution of Gold Nanorods in a Colloidal Solution using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Leonardo Binetti ◽  
T. Hien Nguyen ◽  
Lourdes S. M. Alwis ◽  
Arti Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Bellman Principle

AbstractKnowledge of the distribution of the aspect ratios (ARs) in a chemically-synthesized colloidal solution of Gold Nano Rods (GNRs) is an important measure in determining the quality of synthesis, and consequently the performance of the GNRs generated for various applications. In this work, an algorithm has been developed based on the Bellman Principle of Optimality to readily determine the AR distribution of synthesized GNRs in colloidal solutions. This is achieved by theoretically fitting the longitudinal plasmon resonance of GNRs obtained by UV-visible spectroscopy. The AR distribution obtained from the use of the algorithm developed have shown good agreement with those theoretically generated one as well as with the previously reported results. After bench-marking, the algorithm has been applied to determine the mean and standard deviation of the AR distribution of two GNRs solutions synthesized and examined in this work. The comparison with experimentally derived results from the use of expensive Transmission Electron Microscopic images and Dynamic Light Scattering technique shows that the algorithm developed offers a fast and thus potentially cost-effective solution to determine the quality of the synthesized GNRs specifically needed for many potential applications for the advanced sensor systems.

Effect of Ambient Atmosphere on YBa2Cu3O7-y

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Horowitz ◽  
R. K. Bordia ◽  
R. B. Flippen ◽  
R. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sintering Characteristics ◽  
Image Position

The reactivity of sintered samples of YBa2Cu3O7-y with moisture at elevated temperatures has recently been reported [1]. The reaction sequence proposed was:Such instability of the 1–2–3 phase has serious implications regarding not only the use of the sintered material, but powder processing as well. While the need for fine particle 1–2–3 powder exhibiting good sinterability is recognized, it is also anticipated that the degradation of this material will accelerate with decreasing particle size because of the larger surface area. Thus, we have conducted a series of experiments to monitor the effect of ambient atmosphere on fine particle 1–2–3 powder. The powder was monitored as a function of time by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, sintering characteristics and magnetic flux exclusion.

Thermal degradation of EDTA chelates in aqueous solution

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramunas J. Motekaitis ◽  
X. B. Cox III ◽  
Patrick Taylor ◽  
Arthur E. Martell ◽  
Brad Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Iminodiacetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Lower Temperature Range ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The thermal degradation of Ca(II), Mg(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), and Ni(II) chelates of EDTA was investigated in alkaline aqueous solution at elevated temperatures (230–310 °C). The kinetics of decomposition were followed by nmr, titrimetry, and spectrophotometry. Reaction products were identified through nmr and by gas chromatography. The relative order of degradation rates, as measured by the loss of EDTA, was found to be Mg(II) > Ca(II) > Zn(II) > Fe(II) > Ni(II). The main degradation products formed in the lower temperature range (~250 °C) are iminodiacetic acid, hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, and ethylene glycol. Higher temperature products are primarily dimethylamine and carbon dioxide. The rates of degradation of Ca(II), Mg(II), and Zn(II) EDTA chelates are considerably enhanced when either phosphate is present or a glass-lined autoclave is employed.

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