scholarly journals Identification and mapping of ancient pigments in a Roman Egyptian funerary portrait by application of reflectance and luminescence imaging spectroscopy

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Radpour ◽  
Glenn A. Gates ◽  
Ioanna Kakoulli ◽  
John K. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Egyptian Blue ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Linear Unmixing ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Madder Lake

AbstractImaging spectroscopy (IS) is an important tool in the comprehensive technical analysis required of archaeological paintings. The complexity of pigment mixtures, diverse artistic practices and painting technologies, and the often-fragile and weathered nature of these objects render macroscale, non-invasive chemical mapping an essential component of the analytical protocol. Furthermore, the use of pigments such as Egyptian blue and madder lake, featuring diagnostic photoluminescence emission, provides motivation to perform photoluminescence mapping on the macroscale. This work demonstrates and advances new applications of dual-mode imaging spectroscopy and data analysis approaches for ancient painting. Both reflectance (RIS) and luminescence (LIS) modes were utilized for the study of a Roman Egyptian funerary portrait from second century CE Egypt. The first derivative of the RIS image cube was analyzed and found to significantly improve materials separation, identification, and the extent of mapping. Egyptian blue and madder lake were mapped across a decorated surface using their luminescence spectral signatures in the region of 540–1000 nm as endmembers in LIS analyses. Linear unmixing of the LIS endmembers and subsequent derivative analyses resulted in an improved separation and mapping of the luminescence pigments. RIS and LIS studies, combined with complementary, single-spot collection elemental and molecular spectroscopy, were able to successfully characterize the portrait’s painting materials and binding media used by the ancient artist, providing key insight into their material use, stylistic practices, and technological choices.

scholarly journals Spec Tool; an online education and research resource

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B6 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
S. Maman ◽  
A. Shenfeld ◽  
S. Isaacson ◽  
D. G. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Outreach Education ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Linear Unmixing ◽  
Academic Courses

Education and public outreach (EPO) activities related to remote sensing, space, planetary and geo-physics sciences have been developed widely in the Earth and Planetary Image Facility (EPIF) at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. These programs aim to motivate the learning of geo-scientific and technologic disciplines. For over the past decade, the facility hosts research and outreach activities for researchers, local community, school pupils, students and educators. As software and data are neither available nor affordable, the EPIF Spec tool was created as a web-based resource to assist in initial spectral analysis as a need for researchers and students. The tool is used both in the academic courses and in the outreach education programs and enables a better understanding of the theoretical data of spectroscopy and Imaging Spectroscopy in a 'hands-on' activity. <br><br> This tool is available online and provides spectra visualization tools and basic analysis algorithms including Spectral plotting, Spectral angle mapping and Linear Unmixing. The tool enables to visualize spectral signatures from the USGS spectral library and additional spectra collected in the EPIF such as of dunes in southern Israel and from Turkmenistan. For researchers and educators, the tool allows loading collected samples locally for further analysis.

scholarly journals Spec Tool; an online education and research resource

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B6 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
S. Maman ◽  
A. Shenfeld ◽  
S. Isaacson ◽  
D. G. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Outreach Education ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Linear Unmixing ◽  
Academic Courses

Education and public outreach (EPO) activities related to remote sensing, space, planetary and geo-physics sciences have been developed widely in the Earth and Planetary Image Facility (EPIF) at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. These programs aim to motivate the learning of geo-scientific and technologic disciplines. For over the past decade, the facility hosts research and outreach activities for researchers, local community, school pupils, students and educators. As software and data are neither available nor affordable, the EPIF Spec tool was created as a web-based resource to assist in initial spectral analysis as a need for researchers and students. The tool is used both in the academic courses and in the outreach education programs and enables a better understanding of the theoretical data of spectroscopy and Imaging Spectroscopy in a 'hands-on' activity. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; This tool is available online and provides spectra visualization tools and basic analysis algorithms including Spectral plotting, Spectral angle mapping and Linear Unmixing. The tool enables to visualize spectral signatures from the USGS spectral library and additional spectra collected in the EPIF such as of dunes in southern Israel and from Turkmenistan. For researchers and educators, the tool allows loading collected samples locally for further analysis.

Algoritmo de Descomposición Ciega Basado en el Modelo de Mezcla Multi-Lineal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
J. N. Mendoza Chavarría
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Spectral Unmixing ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
Nonlinear Interactions ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Linear Unmixing ◽  
Multiple Light Scattering

Spectral unmixing has proven to be a great tool for the analysis of hyperspectral data, with linear mixing models (LMMs) being the most used in the literature. Nevertheless, due to the limitations of the LMMs to accurately describe the multiple light scattering effects in multi and hyperspectral imaging, new mixing models have emerged to describe nonlinear interactions. In this paper, we propose a new nonlinear unmixing algorithm based on a multilinear mixture model called Non-linear Extended Blind Endmember and Abundance Extraction (NEBEAE), which is based on a linear unmixing method established in the literature. The results of this study show that proposed method decreases the estimation errors of the spectral signatures and abundance maps, as well as the execution time with respect the state of the art methods.

Infrared Thermography as a Means of Monitoring and Preventing Sports Injuries

2017 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Manuel Sillero-Quintana ◽  
Pedro M. Gomez-Carmona ◽  
Ismael Fernández-Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Contact Recording

Sports injuries are one of the most important problems in sports. Moreover, professional sports injuries lead to a difficult recovery process for the athletes, reduced athletic performance, and large economic costs. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a safe, non-invasive and low-cost technique that allows for the rapid and non-contact recording of Skin Temperature (Tsk). Recent research results have demonstrated new applications for this technique; among them, the monitoring and prevention of sports injuries appears to be one of the most interesting applications. Although IRT is not as objective as other methods, it may be sufficiently accurate and reliable as a complementary tool considering the theory that musculoskeletal structures should be in thermal equilibrium when in a healthy state. Therefore, the main contribution of IRT is to help identify an injury before it occurs, providing an opportunity for preventative action.

Infrared Thermography as a Means of Monitoring and Preventing Sports Injuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 832-865
Author(s):  
Manuel Sillero-Quintana ◽  
Pedro M. Gomez-Carmona ◽  
Ismael Fernández-Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Contact Recording

Sports injuries are one of the most important problems in sports. Moreover, professional sports injuries lead to a difficult recovery process for the athletes, reduced athletic performance, and large economic costs. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a safe, non-invasive and low-cost technique that allows for the rapid and non-contact recording of Skin Temperature (Tsk). Recent research results have demonstrated new applications for this technique; among them, the monitoring and prevention of sports injuries appears to be one of the most interesting applications. Although IRT is not as objective as other methods, it may be sufficiently accurate and reliable as a complementary tool considering the theory that musculoskeletal structures should be in thermal equilibrium when in a healthy state. Therefore, the main contribution of IRT is to help identify an injury before it occurs, providing an opportunity for preventative action.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMA PICKWELL-MACPHERSON ◽  
SHENGYANG HUANG ◽  
KANIS WAI CHI KAN ◽  
YIWEN SUN ◽  
YUAN TING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Terahertz Imaging ◽  
Terahertz Technology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Made In

Terahertz technology is continually evolving and much progress has been made in recent years. Many new applications are being discovered and new ways to implement terahertz imaging investigated. In this review, we limit our discussion to biomedical applications of terahertz imaging such as cancer detection, genetic sensing and molecular spectroscopy. Our discussion of the development of new terahertz techniques is also focused on those that may accelerate the progress of terahertz imaging and spectroscopy in biomedicine.

scholarly journals Palette of Luciferases: Natural Biotools for New Applications in Biomedicine

Acta Naturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
A. A. Kotlobay ◽  
Z. M. Kaskova ◽  
I. V. Yampolsky
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
External Irradiation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Enzyme Thermostability ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Optimal Ph

Optoanalytical methods based on using genetically encoded bioluminescent enzymes,luciferases, allow one to obtain highly sensitive signals, are non-invasive, and require no external irradiation. Bioluminescence is based on the chemical reaction of oxidation of a low-molecular-weight substrate (luciferin) by atmospheric oxygen, which is catalyzed by an enzyme (luciferase). Relaxation of the luciferin oxidation product from its excited state is accompanied by a release of a quantum of light, which can be detected as an analytical signal.The ability to express luciferase genes in various heterological systems and high quantum yields of luminescence reactions have made these tools rather popular in biology and medicine. Amongseveral naturally available luciferases, a few have been found to be useful for practicalapplication. Luciferase size, the wavelength of its luminescence maximum, enzyme thermostability, optimal pH of the reaction, and the need for cofactors areparameters that may differ for luciferases from different groups of organisms, and this fact directly affects the choice of the application area for each enzyme. It is quite important to overview the whole range of currently available luciferases based ontheir biochemical properties before choosing one bioluminescent probe suitable for a specific application.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive and Systematic Diagnostic Campaign for a New Acquisition of Contemporary Art—The Case of Natura Morta by Andreina Rosa (1924–2019) at the International Gallery of Modern Art Ca’ Pesaro, Venice

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4372-4400
Author(s):  
Anna Piccolo ◽  
Emanuele Bonato ◽  
Laura Falchi ◽  
Paola Lucero-Gómez ◽  
Elisabetta Barisoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
The State ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Artistic Activity

A multi-analytical approach has been employed to investigate the painting Natura Morta (1954–1955) by Andreina Rosa (1924–2019) to assess the state of conservation and to understand more about the painting materials and techniques of this artwork, which was recently donated by the painter’s heirs to the International Gallery of Modern Art Ca’ Pesaro (Venice-Italy). A comprehensive and systematic diagnostic campaign was carried out, mainly adopting non-invasive imaging and spectroscopic methods, such as technical photography, optical microscopy, hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy (HIS), fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), External Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ER-FTIR), and Raman spectroscopies. Microsamples, collected from the edges of the canvas in areas partially detached, were studied by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). By crossing the information gained, it was possible to make inferences about the composition of the groundings and the painted layers, the state of conservation of the artwork, and the presence of degradation phenomena. Hence, the present study may be of interest for conservation purposes as well as for enhancing the artistic activity of Andreina Rosa. The final aim was to provide useful information for the Gallery which recently included this painting in its permanent collection.

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